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1.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(1)
采用MiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)工厂化人工育苗模式下仔稚幼鱼阶段6个不同发育时期18个样品的16S rRNA基因测序文库,共获得7462个OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit),分类为42个菌门972个菌属。对肠道菌群的形成过程及结构多样性变化分析显示,牙鲆初孵仔鱼的菌群组成多样性丰富,体内的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);在9日龄和21日龄摄食轮虫(Rotifer)和卤虫(Artemia sp.)幼体样品中,肠道的优势菌群结构较单一,变形菌门成为此时期肠道的优势菌群;45日龄摄食配合饲料后,肠道中变形菌门的相对丰度显著降低,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显增大,成为肠道菌群的优势菌群。在属水平的菌群结构中发现,牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道优势菌群的种类和数量都发生了较大变化,在9日龄和21日龄时期肠道中弧菌属(Vibrio)相对丰度最高,到45日龄后相对丰度锐减到最低水平;拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)在80日龄后达到较高水平,成为肠道优势菌属;厚壁菌门的8个菌属在80–115日龄时期均发展成为优势菌属,定植于牙鲆的肠道。本研究揭示了工厂化人工育苗模式下牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道菌群结构及演替规律。 相似文献
2.
池塘和工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道菌群结构的比较分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
为研究池塘和工厂化养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构差异及其与饵料、水环境、底质等的关系,采用MiSeq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)肠道、养殖水体、饵料和池塘底泥等7个样品的16s rRNA基因测序文库,分析了不同样品中菌群组成和生物多样性。结果表明：池塘养殖牙鲆肠道（B1）中以厚壁菌门（30.49%）、变形菌门（19.16%）和梭杆菌门（11.11%）为主,其中芽孢杆菌属（27.66%）占绝对优势,弧菌属（0.16%）丰度最小;工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道（B5）中以变形菌门（44.31%）、厚壁菌门（11.57%）和放线菌门（4.79%）为主,其中不动杆菌属（10.37%）丰度最大,弧菌属（4.05%）相对B1中丰度较高。牙鲆肠道优势菌群主要与营养代谢调节相关,同时有益微生物和有害微生物也是肠道菌群的重要组成部分。差异性和系统进化分析表明两种养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构与饵料中菌群关系密切,此外受养殖水环境中菌群影响较大。研究结果将为今后牙鲆养殖专用高效微生态制剂的研制和养殖环境微生态调控技术构建提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
采用Illumina MiSep高通量测序技术,比较室内养殖条件下巴里坤卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica)在无节幼虫期(S1)、后无节幼虫期(S2)、拟成虫期(S3)和成虫期(S4)的肠道菌群结构特征。结果显示:1)在门水平上,变形菌门和厚壁菌门为各发育时期优势菌群,拟杆菌门和放线菌门相对丰度随发育进行逐渐增加。2)在纲水平上,无节幼虫期优势菌群为α-变形菌纲,而后无节幼虫期、拟成虫期和成虫期为γ-变形菌纲。3)在属水平上,假单胞菌属相对丰度随发育进行呈递增趋势,而微小杆菌属相对丰度处于波动状态。结果表明,巴里坤卤虫不同发育时期的肠道菌群结构存在明显差异。 相似文献
4.
为探究抗生素药浴对仿刺参幼参肠道菌群的影响，在刺参工厂化保苗期倒池时设置普通组和药浴组(普通组幼参为倒池未药浴正常培养，药浴组幼参用质量浓度0.1 g/L的氟苯尼考药浴15 min),分别于倒池后24、48、72 h,取2组仿刺参肠道样品进行16S rDNA高通量测序分析。试验结果显示，普通组幼参与倒池前的幼参肠道菌群结构基本一致，药浴组幼参肠道菌群结构变化较大，细菌多样性在24 h最高，随后逐渐降低。普通幼参优势菌门变形菌门相对丰度达98%以上，药浴后24、48、72 h,幼参肠道变形菌门相对丰度分别为90.51%、92.99%、96.63%,放线菌门、浮霉菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门相对丰度有所提高，并新出现达达菌门、德潘菌门和芽单胞菌门。普通组幼参肠道中优势菌属新草螺菌属占比达95%以上；药浴后24 h幼参肠道中新草螺菌属相对丰度降低至2.46%,叶杆菌属、Candidatus Competibacter、鞘氨醇单胞菌属等成为新的优势菌属，药浴后48、72 h幼参肠道中新草螺菌属相对丰度逐渐升至36.7%、69.9%,其他菌属相对丰度逐渐降低，肠道菌群结... 相似文献
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该研究基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,对周期性缺氧应激下花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)肠道菌群结构的变化进行分析,为研究其幼鱼肠道菌群对环境缺氧的适应机制提供参考依据。结果显示,周期性缺氧导致花鲈肠道菌群多样性和丰富度显著增加(P0.05),群落结构复杂化,缺氧组和常氧组群落组成存在较大差异。缺氧组肠道菌群分类操作单元相比常氧组显著增加(P0.05),其特有操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数达1 003个。门分类水平上,变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为2组肠道菌群的主要组成菌门。与常氧组相比,缺氧组变形菌门相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),而拟杆菌门相对丰度显著升高(P0.05);纲水平上,缺氧组α变形菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),梭菌纲、γ变形菌纲和拟杆菌纲相对丰度显著升高(P0.05)。此外,周期性缺氧应激还引起花鲈肠道内厌氧绳菌科、毛螺菌科、瘤胃菌科等厌氧或兼性厌氧菌和绿硫菌科等光合产氧菌类相对丰度升高。 相似文献
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通过运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术,研究了蓝藻水华的发生对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)体内及其养殖环境中微生物群落结构的影响。结果显示,蓝藻水华以蓝藻门的浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)和拉氏拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)为优势种。总体来看,蓝藻池中的群落丰富度高于对照池,微生物多样性低于对照池。蓝藻池和对照池中伊乐藻中的细菌种类很少,而底泥中的细菌种类很丰富。基于门水平下的菌群分类,在蓝藻池水中优势菌群为蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),对照池水中则为变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。中华绒螯蟹鳃中均以放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门为优势菌,但在物种相对丰度上存在差异;中华绒螯蟹肠道均以拟杆菌门、柔膜菌门(Tenericutes)、变形菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌。基于属水平下的菌群分类,蓝藻池池水的优势菌群为浮丝藻属(Planktothrix)、CL500-29_marine_group属和hgcI_clade属,对照池池水中以不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、Candidatus_Aquiluna属和hgcI_clade属为优势菌属。中华绒螯蟹鳃中优势属为Ilumatobacter属,且蓝藻池中Ilumatobacter属生物相对丰度更高;中华绒螯蟹肠道样品中Candidatus_Bacilloplasma属和Prolixiibacter属生物相对丰度较高。基于NMDS分析,中华绒螯蟹肠道的菌群结构较为稳定,样本层级聚类分析的结果也映证了这一点。研究结果表明,蓝藻水华的发生会影响养殖环境和中华绒螯蟹肠道及鳃的菌群结构。 相似文献
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采集常规饲养的健康许氏平鲉1日龄仔鱼,9、20日龄稚鱼,54、95日龄幼鱼,运用Illumina MiSeq PE300平台,对其肠道微生物的16S rDNA V3~V4可变区进行高通量测序,共获得1039个运算分类单位、667个属。在丰度高于1%的菌属水平上,野生鱼肠道菌群丰度的平均值(86%)远高于幼鱼时期的平均值(73.5%)。不动杆菌属为仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼肠道中最优势菌属(丰度为26.2%~45.3%);短芽孢杆菌属次之。结合共有菌属分析获得11个核心菌群,芽孢杆菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属、根瘤菌属等的丰度随仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼生长先升后降,均在54日龄时丰度最高;弧菌属则呈现相反的趋势(0.37%~12.41%),54日龄时丰度最低。仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼与野生个体肠道仅有14个共有菌属,短芽孢杆菌属、Massilia的最小丰度值分别是野生个体肠道中最大丰度值的9倍和32倍,差异明显。本研究揭示了许氏平鲉仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼肠道菌群结构特征及其发生、发育的过程,为苗种繁育阶段肠道生理健康调控提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究江鳕(Lota lota)肠道菌群结构特征,采用MiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术对3龄、4龄、5龄野生江鳕的雌、雄样本进行了微生物测序和分析。结果显示,3个年龄组江鳕的肠道菌群丰度及多样性差异不显著(P＞0.05),同一年龄雌、雄江鳕间的肠道菌群丰度及多样性差异不显著(P＞0.05)。江鳕肠道内容物的优势菌门为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,与鱼类肠道中最普遍和共存的细菌类群相同。Mycoplasma(支原体属)存在于所有样品中,且为优势菌群,其功能有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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采用基于Illumina测序平台的高通量测序技术,对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼肠道及其养殖水体、生物饵料中细菌种类及丰度进行研究。测序结果显示,养殖水体、生物饵料和大菱鲆幼鱼肠道等19个样品共获得有效序列547621条,可聚类于3771个可分类操作单元(OTUs),归属于养殖水体、生物饵料、健康幼鱼和发病幼鱼的操作分类单元(OTU)个数分别为3038、1090、87和777,其中,健康幼鱼与生物饵料、健康幼鱼与养殖水体特有的OTU个数分别为57和0,发病幼鱼与生物饵料、发病幼鱼与养殖水体特有的OTU个数分别为481和31。表明幼鱼肠道微生物多样性与生物饵料密切相关。根据细菌注释结果,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在大菱鲆幼鱼肠道中占优势地位,其中,健康幼鱼肠道微生物共聚类为8个门,发病幼鱼的肠道微生物可聚类为19个门。与健康幼鱼相比,发病幼鱼肠道门水平上的3种主要优势菌群落结构出现失衡。此外,对各样品中丰度最高的100位OTU分析显示,幼鱼肠道优势菌种类与生物饵料中的优势菌种类密切相关,而每个发病幼鱼肠道优势菌种类具有一定的独立性。本研究旨在为大菱鲆健康养殖和微生态调控提供实验依据。 相似文献
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为探究北方吊笼养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道及其养殖环境菌群结构的关系,本研究基于高通量测序技术全面解析刺参肠道和养殖环境菌群结构和功能特征,并初步探讨刺参肠道及其养殖环境菌群相关性。结果显示,刺参肠道菌群丰度和多样性均显著高于养殖水体(P<0.05)。刺参肠道及养殖水体主要优势菌门均隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),二者存在13个相对丰度大于0.1%的共有核心菌属。此外,肠道菌群具有一定的独立性,其特异性菌群主要隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、海泥海球菌属(Halioglobus)、Lutimonas和Woeseia为代表。基于KEGG代谢通路数据库,共注释到300条三级代谢通路,其中146条存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。刺参肠道菌群差异代谢通路主要表现在代谢方面,具体表现为碳水化合物消化吸收、蛋白质消化吸收和鞘脂类代谢。研究表明,刺参肠道菌群种类与其养殖水体呈高度相似性,但相对丰度存在显著性差异。本研究结果可为北方刺参吊笼健康养殖提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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Yan Jiang Zengxin Liu Xuezhou Liu Yongjiang Xu Bao Shi Bin Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):529-540
The research of intestinal microflora structures for Paralichthys olivaceus larvae and juveniles will help us to master the ontogeny and developmental colonization of microflora during the larval rearing stage. In this study, we sequenced the total bacterial genomic DNA in larval and juvenile guts with an Illumina MiSeq PE300 system, and analysed the structural characteristics of these microbiota, feed and rearing water in live and formulated feeding periods. The structure of gut microbiota was gradually similar to those in wild P. olivaceus at the phylum level and the newly hatched ones with the growth, according to the distribution and abundance of intestinal microbiota. And the colonized rule of main microbial species in guts was decreased initially and then increased during the larvae and juveniles stage. Meantime, the core microflora of this study were obtained through the analysis of shared and dominant species, which included Bacteroides, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Escherichia_Shigella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Nitrosomonas, and Glaciecola. The correlation analysis of microbiota between intestines and environmental factors suggested that microflora in feed and water could affect the distribution of larval and juvenile gut microbiota. Moreover, many species of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Vibrio are treated as important potential pathogens in aquaculture. These all pointed out the microbial quality of feed and rearing water should be strictly controlled in fish breeding and farming, and supply theoretical bases for screening the native probiotics to artificially regulate the gut microbiota. 相似文献
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To investigate the differences in gut bacterial community of Parabramis pekinensis at different growth stages, we collected wild P. pekinensis from the Jingjiang region of the Yangtze River, and detected the intestinal microflora structure using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results show that during stage I the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. During stage II, the proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased, while the proportion of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria increased, especially Clostridium and Cetobacteria increased significantly. During stage III, Cetobacterium had a dominant position, while the proportion of Firmicutes decreased slightly. In stage IV, the male and female fish showed obvious differences. In the female gut, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased to the first place, while Fusobacteria decreased to the second place. In the male fish, the proportion of Fusobacteria dropped to the fifth, especially that of Cetobacterium decreased significantly, and that of Verrucomicrobia increased. In stage V, the proportion of Fusobacteria increased again to the first place, while Proteobacteria did not decrease significantly in the female gut. The gut bacterial community in males changed into a structure similar to stage I. In stage VI, the gut bacterial community in both females and males changed into a structure similar to stage I. There were significant differences in the intestinal microflora structure of P. pekinensis at different gonad development stages and sexes. To some extent, the changes in intestinal microflora structure reflect the changes in the nutritional requirements of P. pekinensis.
相似文献14.
Eggs of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) were stripped from fish caught at sea. Larvae were kept under semi‐intensive conditions at around 12°C. In addition, eggs were incubated in single wells at 9.2, 12.7 and 14.5°C, where hatching, development and survival were closely examined. During the larval stage, a total of 299 larvae were sampled to follow development and growth. In addition a small number of juveniles were sampled. Larvae hatched approximately 4 days after fertilization, and were 2.9 mm in total length (TL). At 6‐day post hatching (dph), the larvae were 4.1 mm (TL), the jaw apparatus was developed, and the larvae had started to feed. Most of the growth during the early larval period is restricted to the head, and there is almost no increase in length for the first 3–4 weeks post hatching. Teeth and pelvic fins appear at 25 dph. Development of unpaired fins at approximately 30 dph marks the start of the larval–juvenile transition. Weaning to formulated feed was accomplished 50 dph, when external morphology was similar to that of adult hake. 相似文献
15.
Assessment of gut microbiota in different developmental stages of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mohamad Zaimin Mohd Nosi Sharifah Noor Emilia Syed Jamil Fadaak Muhd Danish Daniel Muhammad Shumpei Iehata 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):2977-2987
Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides) has a good prospect for aquaculture because of its high market demand. However, there is a scarce information on gut microbiota associated with Malaysian Mahseer unlike other fish species. Therefore, we constructed and compared gut microbiota in different developmental stages (larval, juvenile, fingerling, yearling, and adult) using culture dependent and PCR‐DGGE fingerprinting technique for better understanding of gut microbiota composition associated with T. tambroides. Culturable gut microbiota composition in all developmental stages were composed of β‐ and γ‐Proteobacteria, and Bacilli. Biodiversity analysis of culturable gut microbiota showed that larval, juvenile, and adult stages have higher diversity than fingerling and yearling stages. Ward's linkage cluster analysis showed that culturable gut microbiota composition in larval and juvenile stages were close to adult stages, whereas fingerling and yearling stage composed same cluster. PCR‐DGGE fingerprinting technique showed that unculturable gut microbiota were constituted by α‐and γ‐Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Ward's linkage cluster analysis showed that unculturable gut microbiota composition in both larval and juvenile stages were distinct from other developmental stages. Our results revealed that gut microbiota composition were varied in different developmental stages of Malaysian Mahseer and continuous shifts of gut microbiota from larval to adult stages. 相似文献
16.
大菱鲆仔稚鱼发育早期肠道菌群结构形成的影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究鱼类发育早期肠道菌群结构的演变过程及影响因素,运用高通量测序技术,分析了处于不同发育阶段的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)仔稚鱼肠道、受精卵、不同类型的饵料和水源中的菌群结构,以及它们之间的相关性。结果显示,以不同的OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units,可操作分类单元)作为分类依据,发现大菱鲆仔稚鱼的肠道菌群结构在开口摄食后不久已趋于稳定,其优势菌与受精卵所携带的细菌关联较大。并且在大菱鲆仔稚鱼不同的发育时期,这一菌群的结构非常稳固,几乎不受水和饵料中优势细菌的影响而发生改变。乳球菌属的Lactococcus piscium菌株一直是大菱鲆仔稚鱼肠道中的优势菌种,在不同发育时期的优势度高达45%~65%。本研究还发现,大菱鲆仔稚鱼肠道可能对定植的菌种具有选择性,一些水环境和饵料中的非优势菌,如Streptococcus sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Carnobacterium sp.等细菌也会定植于肠道,成为大菱鲆肠道中的次优势菌。 相似文献
17.
高通量测序分析凡纳滨对虾育苗期水体菌群结构特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
为了解凡纳滨对虾育苗期正常苗池水体菌群结构和多样性变化,实验采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序水体细菌16S rDNA V4区,比较幼体在无节V期(N5)、溞状Ⅱ期(Z2)、糠虾Ⅰ期(M1)与仔虾Ⅰ期(P1)时的水体菌群特征。结果显示,水体菌群Shannon多样性指数随幼体发育先降后升,而Pielou均匀度指数除在N5时稍高外,在其余阶段都很接近。育苗期间,变形菌门为水体绝对优势菌群(50.0%~88.0%),尤其红杆菌科从N5到P1阶段分别占24.2%、61.6%、43.3%和51.8%;拟杆菌门在各期丰度均9.7%,其中腐螺旋菌科以5.3%~16.9%优势分布于后3个阶段;放线菌门在后3个期都为优势类群,并以微杆菌科为主,丰度分别达5.6%、37.6%和10.8%;而疣微菌门只在P1时表现为优势(5.3%)。苗池水体核心菌属主要由洛克氏菌、海命菌、栖东海菌、亚硫酸杆菌和2个分类未定属构成。可见水体菌群呈高度多样而动态变化,且N5菌群明显区别于后3个阶段。育苗期间水体主要环境因子总体波动较小,对优势操作分类单元(OTU)丰度分布无显著影响。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾健康苗池水体菌群随幼体发育和饵料投喂而明显更替,其中核心菌群的潜在功能对维持水体生态系统稳定起重要作用,可为对虾育苗益生菌与健康苗池指示菌的筛选提供依据。 相似文献
18.
Morphological development and allometric growth of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi V. larvae under culture conditions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño Karina González‐Álvarez Juan Pablo Lazo Juan Manuel Audelo‐Naranjo Antonio Vélez‐Medel 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1277-1287
Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Seriola lalandi larvae were assessed to characterize normal growth patterns under culture conditions. Early ontogenetic stages of yellowtail kingfish exhibited an exponential growth in terms of standard length as a function of age. Five development stages were characterized from hatching to the juvenile stage: larval stage I (0–2 days post hatch, dph) with endogenous feeding, characterized by a small yolk sac, unpigmented eyes, primordial finfold surrounding the body and a closed mouth; larval stage II (2–15 dph) characterized by mouth opening, complete pigmentation of eyes and the beginning of the exogenous feeding; subsequently, in the larval stage III (15–25 dph) the posterior tip of notochord of the larvae bended upward and the first rays appeared in fins, concomitant with a change in swimming behaviour; thereafter, larval stage IV (post‐flexion stage; 25–30 dph) began when larvae resembled in morphology to a juvenile organism; however, caudal and dorsal fins were not completely development. Lastly, the juvenile stage was reached 30 dph characterized by a morphology and fin structures similar to those of the adults. Growth and development of structures and organs associated with vital functions such as feeding, sensorial and breathing systems seemed to be more critical previous to 23 dph, which was reflected with a positive allometric growth of head and eyes during this period. The results from this study can be used as a tool‐guide to assess normal development in larval research with S. lalandi to improve existing rearing protocols in hatchery production. 相似文献