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1.
动物的生理健康与其正常下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical,HPA)轴活性是密不可分的.母体妊娠期应激对后代出生前后HPA轴功能及生长发育等均有显著的程序化影响,尤其是对胎儿期HPA轴的影响更大.这种影响主要是通过改变后代上游海马体、下丘脑和垂体中的糖皮质激素受体和盐皮质激素受体表达实现的.下游器官肾上腺皮质作为HPA轴的重要组成部分,也可能是HPA轴程序化的靶器官,有待深入研究.  相似文献   

2.
为研究慢性冷热应激对放牧条件下西门塔尔牛生理指标、抗氧化功能及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)、交感-肾上腺-髓质轴(SAM)激素分泌的影响,选取内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特左旗某家庭牧场体质量相近、体况健康的西门塔尔牛20头,试验期间测定试验牛生理指标,于试验期最后一天清晨进行颈静脉采血并制备血清,采用ELISA方法检...  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在研究慢性冷应激对舍饲蒙古牛下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴（HPA）、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴（HPT）和交感-肾上腺-髓质轴（SAM）激素、血清免疫指标和抗氧化指标的影响。选取年龄、胎次相近的28月龄健康蒙古牛24头,根据环境温度和风速的变化,分为冷应激期与冷应激恢复期。冷应激期7 d,冷应激恢复期7 d。结果显示,冷应激期的环境平均温度为-12.5℃,牛处于冷应激状态;冷应激恢复期的牛处于非应激状态。与冷应激恢复期相比,冷应激期蒙古牛血清中促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和皮质醇（COR）含量显著升高（P<0.05）,葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著降低（P<0.05）;中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)和免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,冷诱导RNA结合蛋白（CIRP）、白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)和脂多糖（LPS）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)和免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量极显著升高（P<0.01）;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著降低（...  相似文献   

4.
基于分子对接并辅以生物学验证探讨郁金散治疗大肠湿热证HPA轴损伤的机制。采用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)检测郁金散的主要活性成份,用分子对接观察其活性成分与HPA轴相关激素、蛋白之间的结合力,通过网络药理学分析构建药物靶标网络,预测郁金散活性成分作用的主要靶标,并建立大肠湿热证大鼠模型,进行生物学验证。计算各组大鼠肾上腺指数,观察肾上腺组织变化特征,检测关键靶标及其下游激素的表达量。分子对接与网络分析可以推测CRH可能是调控HPA轴亢进的潜在蛋白,盐酸小檗碱、没食子酸、大黄素可能是郁金散调节HPA轴亢进的活性成分。生物学验证实验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,模型组和自愈组大鼠肾上腺指数及血清中CRH、ACTH、CORT的含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),模型组大鼠肾上腺出现一定的病理变化。经郁金散治疗后,以上各指标及病理变化均有所改善,其中以郁金散高剂量组治疗效果最佳,验证了分子对接的部分预测结果。研究证实郁金散可能是通过下调CRH的水平调节大肠湿热证大鼠HPA轴功能亢进,为进一步开展郁金散治疗HPA轴亢进的机制研究提供了新思路和新方法。  相似文献   

5.
新城疫(ND)是影响鸵鸟养殖业最主要的传染病之一,新城疫病毒(NDV)作为应激原,进入机体后可引起一系列病理变化,使机体下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)处于过度激活或失活状态,进一步加重内环境紊乱,引起病情加重.鉴于此,本研究以45 d雏鸵鸟为试验动物,分正常组和攻毒组(皮下注射鸡新城疫标准毒株F4s E9);利用HE染色技术、透射电镜(TEM)技术和免疫组化技术定位表达(SABC)技术,研究NDV对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的形态及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)表达的影响;结果表明:(1)雏鸵鸟HPA轴对鸡源NDV高度敏感,可引起HPA轴发生明显的病理组织学变化,肾上腺病变严重,下丘脑次之,垂体病变较轻,其病变程度反映了HPA轴功能受损的程度;(2)人工感染鸡源NDV,雏鸵鸟HPA轴内GABA表达均下降,其在肾上腺内的消长规律提示GABA可能参与了ND病理应激下的HPA轴应激反应过程;其表达数量和表达强弱与机体的病理性应激反应进程有关.  相似文献   

6.
为探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对鲫鱼急性低温应激后皮质醇激素等血清生化指标的影响,将150条鲫鱼随机分为5组,A、B组分别为空白对照组、试验对照组,C、D、E组分别在水中添加GABA25,50,100 mg/L,每组3个重复,低温应激0,0.5,2,4 h后尾静脉采血,分离血清,测定皮质醇含量和血清生化指标。结果表明:急性低温应激使鲫鱼血清中皮质醇含量及生化指标多数表现为先上升后下降的趋势,添加GABA对总胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖等含量无显著影响(P0.05);GABA可以有效地缓解皮质醇和三酰甘油含量的升高(P0.05),从而具有一定的抗冷应激作用。  相似文献   

7.
研究脂多糖(LPS)对断奶仔猪下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)表达的影响。对照组注射生理盐水,试验组注射LPS。注射后1.5 h和3 h采血,3 h采血后屠宰。结果表明:LPS刺激后1.5 h,中性粒细胞含量及其比例显著下降(P<0.05);LPS刺激后3 h,白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞含量显著下降(P<0.05)。LPS刺激后1.5 h,血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素释放素激素(CRH)含量显著上升(P<0.05);LPS刺激后3 h,血浆TNF-α、皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)含量显著上升(P<0.05);LPS刺激导致下丘脑、腺垂体、肾上腺皮质和髓质中PPARγ阳性细胞百分率显著升高(P<0.05)。这表明LPS导致免疫应激,激活HPA轴,诱导HPA轴PPARγ的表达。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨复方丁氨丙磷溶液的抗热应激作用及作用机理,以黄羽肉鸡为对象,检测各处理组肉鸡生产性能,体温及血清T3、T4、胰岛素和皮质醇等内分泌激素,血清肌酸磷酸激酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶和血糖等生化指标.将45只1日龄肉鸡仔鸡随机分成3组,每组15只,分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量的复方丁氨丙磷溶液.于14日龄开始热暴露,在高温条件下继续饲养2周,并观察和检测各项指标.试验结果表明,复方丁氨丙磷溶液能明显降低热应激肉仔鸡直肠温度,显著提高T3/T4值和胰岛素含量,能极显著降低血清肌酸磷酸激酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性,同时提高血糖含量,而对血清皮质醇含量无显著影响.因此,复方丁氨丙磷溶液可通过调整肉仔鸡血清部分激素含量和改变血清部分生化指标来发挥其抗应激作用.  相似文献   

9.
研究基础日粮中添加10 mg/kg水平的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对生长肥育猪抗氧化性能及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴激素分泌的影响.选取48头体重43 kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交猪随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每重复8头.分别饲喂基础日粮+0 mg/kg GABA(对照组)、基础日粮+10 mg/kgGABA(试验组).饲养试验结束时从每重复中随机选取2头(公母各半),共12头,前腔静脉采血制备血清后测定相关指标.结果表明:日粮添加10 mg/kg GABA使猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著提高(P<0.01),同时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性提高,且丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,但差异不显著(P0.05);显著降低猪HPA轴激素皮质醇、皮质酮及促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平(P<0.05);显著升高了(HPT)轴激素三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)及游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)水平(P<0.05),但对甲状腺素(T4)及游离甲状腺素(FT4)无显著影响(P0.05).  相似文献   

10.
家鸡作为重要的经济动物,其众多经济性状（如生长、繁殖、抗病性等）受应激的严重影响。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, HPA轴）是家鸡应激反应的关键参与者,掌握糖皮质激素（Glucocorticoids, GCs）的快速合成和分泌。作为HPA轴的负反馈调节因子,GCs的反馈调控可以减缓应激反应,是维持机体内稳态不可或缺的一部分。本文就家鸡应激反应,HPA轴激活以及GCs的反馈调控机制进行综述,旨在为理解应激的分子机制提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Making hair cortisol as the gold standard of reflecting chronic stress level is prospective and innovative.Hair cortisol not only can be used in detecting and estimating the chronic stress level of animals, but also can be benefit for understanding the body's physiological and pathological process and making effective health management strategy in time.Blood, saliva, urine and milk cortisol concentrations can be regarded as matrices for reflecting acute stress level as well, they have been used in detecting and establishing the diurnal profile of circulating cortisol studying.But hair which is a good supplementary matric can reflect the chronic stress level retrospectively.Hair cortisol as a reflection of the biochemical markers of chronic stress has the advantages of no invasive, relatively sensitive detection and convenient sampling stress, and hair cortisol is a heritable trait (h2=0.31).The utility of hair cortisol as a maker for HPA activity, and a useful tool for identifying genetic variation influences on long term individual differences in HPA activity.This article summarized the relationship between the cortisol and animal's healthy, the regulating mechanism and genetic adaptation change under chronic stress and the research progress of evaluation indicators during chronic stress, the research progress of hair as a matric of cortisol, the limitations and challenge of regarding hair cortisol as the biochemical marker to reflect the chronic stress level in the future.  相似文献   

12.
Dairy cattle suffer stress from management and production; contemporary farming tries to improve animal welfare and reduce stress. Therefore, the assessment of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function using non-invasive techniques is useful. The aims in this study were: to measure cortisol concentration in cow and calves hair by radioimmunoassay (RIA), to test cortisol accumulation in bovine hair after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges, and determine the influence of hair color on cortisol concentrations. Fifteen Holstein heifers were allotted to 3 groups (n = 5 each): in control group (C), just the hair was sampled; in the saline solution group (SS), IV saline solution was administered on days 0, 7, and 14; and the ACTH group was challenged 3 times with ACTH (0.15 UI per kg of body weight) on days 0, 7, and 14. Serum samples from the SS and ACTH groups were obtained 0, 60 and 90 min post-injection. Serum cortisol concentration was greater 60 and 90 min after injection with ACTH. Hair was clipped on days 0, 14, 28, and 44. Hair cortisol was methanol extracted and measured by RIA. Hair cortisol was preserved for 11 mo. Hair cortisol concentrations in the ACTH group were greater than in the saline and control groups on days 14 and 28, but not on day 44. Concentrations were greater in calves than in cows and greater in white hair than in black hair. Cortisol accumulated in bovine hair after ACTH challenges, but the concentration was affected by both age and hair color. If hair color effects are taken into account, assessing cortisol concentration in hair is a potentially useful non-invasive method for assessing stress in cattle.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of hair cortisol concentrations as an index of chronic stress in dairy cows in association with their health, nutrition, and reproductive parameters. For 25 Holstein dairy cows, hair was collected from the tail switch ?19.2 ± 11.4, 44.8 ± 11.9, 103.0 ± 9.9, and 168.0 ± 9.7 days postpartum (L0, L1, L2, and L3, respectively). Body condition scores were negatively correlated with hair cortisol concentrations (r = ?0.255), and hock health scores were positively correlated with hair cortisol concentrations (r = 0.236, p < 0.05). Hair cortisol concentrations during the postpartum period showed different patterns according to the time of first artificial insemination (AI) and fertility. Cows that were submitted to first AI by 86 days postpartum showed a peak hair cortisol concentration at L1, whereas cows with delayed first AI had a peak at L2. The hair cortisol concentrations of subfertile (≥168 days) cows were significantly higher at L1 and L2 compared with L0, whereas hair cortisol concentrations of fertile cows (<168 days) were not different among the sampling times. These results indicate that cows with health problems appear to experience greater chronic stress, which may impair their reproductive function.  相似文献   

14.
We compared the hair cortisol levels of lactating dairy cows in a cold‐ and a warm‐temperate region out of four climatic zones in Japan. We simultaneously investigated the effects of calving number, lactation period and month of hair sampling. Hair of nine Holstein lactating cows chosen from each region (i.e. 18 cows per sampling) was sampled in March, June, September and December. Number of calvings (1, 2, ≥3) and lactation duration (early: <100, middle: 101–200, and late: >201 days) were balanced between regions. Cortisol was extracted from hair by methanol, and its level was determined with a cortisol immunoassay kit. A multi‐way analysis of variance revealed that the effects of month of hair sampling (P < 0.001) and its combination with region (P < 0.05) were significant. In a multiple comparison test, significant differences (P < 0.01) in hair cortisol level (pg/mg of hair) were found between June (13.0 ± 1.0) and the other 3 months, and between September (1.6 ± 0.2) and December (4.5 ± 0.3). The rise in cortisol level from March to June was more intense in the cold‐temperate region. These results demonstrate the necessity of considering seasonal variations in each climatic region when we use hair cortisol level as an indicator of stress.  相似文献   

15.
The deleterious effects of heat stress on animal health are being increasingly recognized. This study aimed to determine hair cortisol (HC) and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions with different coat and hair‐cut color. Forty‐five multiparous lactating Holstein cows (days in milk = 130 ± 47, body weight = 753 ± 85 kg) were divided to two main groups of over 80% black coat color (BC) and over 85% white coat color (WC) visually observed based on registry certificates and subdividing to black hair sample (BH) and white hair samples (WH) in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Hair samples were taken from the forehead of the individuals. Higher HC levels were observed in BC than WC cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found in HC levels between BH and WH groups (P > 0.05). Serotonin levels showed no difference between BC and WC (P > 0.05). Interaction between coat color and hair color was not significant (P > 0.05). The cortisol levels in hair are not affected by pigmentation. However, pigmentation within the coat alters cortisol levels. In conclusion, white coat color retains less cortisol than the black coat. Therefore, white coats are preferable for dairy cows under heat stress conditions.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of growth and parturition on hair cortisol concentrations of cattle was investigated. Plasma, saliva, and hair (black and white from the shoulders and hip) samples were collected from calves at 6 and 24 weeks old and from dairy cattle at the dry (1 and 2 months prepartum) and lactation (10, 50, 150, and 250 days postpartum) periods. Plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations were lower in 24-week-old calves than those of 6-week-old calves, and hair cortisol concentrations decreased regardless of color and position. In 6-week-old calves, hair cortisol concentrations differed between sampling positions, but this difference was not observed in 24-week-old calves. Plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations increased before parturition until 10 days postpartum then decreased until 50 days postpartum. The same trend was observed in the cortisol concentrations of white hair. Contrarily, cortisol concentrations in black hair remained unchanged and was lower than that in white hair. Hair cortisol concentration can vary greatly depending on the location on the body, hair color, cattle age, or parturition. When this method is used, all of the above factors must be considered.  相似文献   

17.
There are no data available regarding the systemic (adverse) effects which might be induced by topical/dermal glucocorticoids (GCs) application in the horse. Besides their widespread use for the treatment of a variety of peripheral inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis, eczemas or arthritis in the horse, their surreptitious application has become a concern in doping cases in competition/performance horses. Assessing both basal and ACTH‐stimulated plasma cortisol as well as basal ACTH concentrations following application of dexamethsone‐containing dermal ointment is necessary to determine influences on hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Ten clinically healthy adult standardbred horses (6 mares, 4 geldings) were rubbed twice daily each with 50 g dexamethasone‐containing ointment on a defined skin area (30 × 50 cm) for 10 days. RIA and chemiluminescent enzyme immuno‐metric assay were used to determine resting and ACTH‐stimulated plasma cortisol and basal ACTH concentrations, respectively. HPA feedback sensitivity and adrenal function were measured by a standard ACTH stimulation test. Dermal dexamethasone suppressed significantly the resting plasma cortisol level (to 75–98%) below baseline (P < 0.001) within the first 2 days and decreased further until day 10. ACTH stimulation test showed a markedly reduced rise in plasma cortisol concentrations (P < 0.001 vs. baseline). Plasma ACTH level decreased also during topical dexamethasone application. The number of total lymphocytes and eosinophil granulocytes was reduced, whereas the number of neutrophils increased. No significant change of serum biochemical parameters was noted. Dermal dexamethasone application has the potential to cause an almost complete and transient HPA axis suppression and altered leukocyte distribution in normal horses. The effects on HPA axis function should be considered in relation to the inability of animals to resist stress situations. The data further implicate that percutaneously absorbed dexamethasone (GCs) may cause systemic effects relevant to ‘doping’.  相似文献   

18.
以45日龄雏鸵鸟为试验动物,分正常组和攻毒组,利用RIA技术和TUNEL技术,探讨新城疫病毒（NDV）对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的影响。结果表明,雏鸵鸟感染NDV,HPA轴内细胞凋亡数量在病毒感染期间明显高于对照组,提示NDV能诱导雏鸵鸟HPA轴系统发生细胞凋亡;在病毒接种后1d,肾上腺内可检测到大量凋亡细胞,接种5d后凋亡数量显著增加（P〈0.05）,之后凋亡呈下降趋势,肾上腺内细胞凋亡的动态变化反映了雏鸵鸟HPA轴对ND病变的适应和调节。雏鸵鸟感染NDV,血清ACTH水平于NDV接种后1d开始上升,至5d达到峰值（P〈0.01）,之后有所下降,渐趋于正常;血清Cor水平于病毒接种后1d开始下降,至7d有所回升,9d渐趋于正常水平,表明NDV接种后雏鸵鸟血清ACTH和Cor水平的变化与其HPA轴功能的损伤及恢复密切相关。  相似文献   

19.
羊毛弯曲是影响羊毛品质高低的关键因素之一，毛股弯曲的减少以及毛股由紧实变得蓬松会导致羊毛品质下降，从而影响皮毛价值。毛囊是调控毛发生长的皮肤附属器官，对于毛发弯曲形状的形成具有重要作用。近年来，有关羊、小鼠等动物毛发纤维弯曲形成的相关研究以及毛囊发育调控等取得了一定进展。本文介绍了羊毛纤维结构的特点，阐述了毛囊发育相关重要调控信号通路及其对毛发弯曲的影响，最后，基于羊毛弯曲相关的基因和蛋白的研究进展进行综述。通过对羊毛弯曲及毛囊发育相关生物学机制进行总结，以期对羊毛弯曲及毛囊发育的相关分子机制的研究提供理论依据，同时也对改良羊毛弯曲性状的工作提供一些参考。  相似文献   

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