共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 190 毫秒
1.
该试验旨在研究霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪阴户、血清代谢和氧化应激指标的影响。选用28日龄平均体重(9.59±0.79)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪15头,随机分为3个处理。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,50%镰刀菌毒素组[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN),0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON),1.43 mg/kg;烟曲霉毒素(FUM),5.85 mg/kg]和100%镰刀菌毒素组[ZEN,1.69 mg/kg;DON,2.03 mg/kg;FUM,9.05 mg/kg]分别用50%和100%的霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中的玉米和玉米蛋白粉,预试期7 d,试验期15 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组试验第6 d的阴户面积显著增大(P0.05);50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组仔猪阴户面积的线性斜率和试验第15 d的阴户长、宽和面积均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。100%镰刀菌毒素组试验第8 d和第15 d仔猪血清中胆固醇和尿素均显著高于对照组(P0.05);而50%镰刀菌毒素组显著提高试验第15 d胆固醇和尿素水平(P0.05)。与对照组相比,50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组均显著提高仔猪试验第8 d和第15 d血清中GSH-Px和SOD活性(P0.05);而MDA含量则相反(P0.05)。试验条件下,自然霉变饲粮饲喂断奶仔猪6 d显著增加其外阴大小,8 d便显著改变血清代谢产物和抗氧化酶活性,这些结果对指导仔猪健康生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分布和表达的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg]的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期35d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了断奶仔猪血清和脾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),显著升高了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。2)镰刀菌毒素使断奶仔猪脾脏白髓区明显变小,红髓区扩张且出现近圆形小空洞,动脉周围淋巴鞘中淋巴细胞数量较少。3)镰刀菌毒素导致断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6阳性细胞主要集中于白髓边缘,且靠近血窦的地方阳性点更多。4)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著升高了断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中镰刀菌毒素显著影响断奶仔猪血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,并通过改变脾脏IL-1β和IL-6的分布和表达,降低脾脏的免疫功能。 相似文献
3.
本试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠二糖酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪40头,随机分为2组,对照组20头,试验组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂的试验饲粮是用霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中50%的玉米和玉米蛋白粉配制而成(含玉米赤霉烯酮0.90 mg/kg,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素5.85 mg/kg)。仔猪采用单体笼饲养,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著升高了料重比(P0.05);与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了十二指肠和空肠的乳糖酶活性、空肠和回肠的蔗糖酶活性(P0.05);与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了空肠和回肠的过氧化氢酶活性以及十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),显著升高了空肠和回肠的丙二醛含量(P0.05)。由此得出,本试验条件下,镰刀菌毒素能够降低断奶仔猪小肠二糖酶活性和抗氧化能力,危害小肠健康,并对其生长性能造成负面影响。 相似文献
4.
《动物营养学报》2016,(5)
本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶小母猪阴户、生殖器官指数、子宫雌激素受体(ERs)分布和表达影响。选用35日龄平均体重(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶小母猪40头,随机分为2个处理,每个处理20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素的饲粮[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43 mg/kg;烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg)]。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:试验组35 d仔猪的阴户长、宽和面积及断奶母猪生殖器官指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。雌激素受体α(ERα)免疫阳性物质主要见于子宫内膜的腺上皮细胞和子宫肌层细胞的细胞质;雌激素受体β(ERβ)免疫阳性物质主要见于内膜的动脉管壁平滑肌和肌层平滑肌细胞的胞质内。与对照组相比,试验组仔猪子宫内膜腺上皮细胞ERα免疫阳性反应明显增强,且腺泡数量明显增多;而ERβ在试验组仔猪子宫肌层平滑肌和动脉管壁平滑肌细胞的阳性细胞数量明显多于对照组。试验组断奶母猪子宫中ERα和ERβ的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,镰刀菌毒素能够对断奶小母猪生殖系统造成不良影响,这种影响是通过ERs基因的转录来调控ERs在子宫中的相对表达量,进而改变生殖器官的发育实现的。 相似文献
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为研究壳聚糖硒(Se)拮抗玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)对断奶仔猪脏器指数、血液生化指标和血液抗氧化的影响,本试验将18头断奶仔猪随机分为3组,C组饲喂基础日粮;ZEN组饲喂基础日粮+2.0 mg/kg ZEN;ZEN-Se组饲喂基础日粮+2.0 mg/kg ZEN+0.3 mg/kg壳聚糖硒(以硒计),42天后,测定其脏器指数、血液生化指标和血液抗氧化指标。结果表明:各组之间断奶仔猪脏器指数无显著差异(P0.05);各组仔猪的血清CRE、URE、CHO及TG水平差异均不显著(P0.05),ZEN组仔猪血清ALT、AST水平较C组极显著或显著增加(P0.01或P0.05);ZEN组的GSH-Px和T-AOC显著低于C组(P0.05);ZEN组MDA显著高于C组(P0.05),ZEN-Se组血清MDA、GSH-Px和T-AOC与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。说明壳聚糖硒可拮抗ZEN降低血清AST和ALT,减轻ZEN对断奶仔猪的肝脏毒性作用;壳聚糖硒可拮抗ZEN对断奶仔猪产生的氧化损伤,增强断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究阶段性饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮对仔猪血清和肝脏生化指标、抗氧化指标以及肝脏炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA相对表达量的影响。选用体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的35日龄"杜×长×大"雌性仔猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组持续饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组持续饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮(玉米赤霉烯酮0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素5.85 mg/kg),自然恢复组在饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮35 d后,改饲喂基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素组仔猪肝脏相对重量显著升高(P0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLB)含量显著降低(P0.05),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著下降(P0.05),血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05);肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。2)经21 d自然恢复后,与镰刀菌毒素组相比,自然恢复组仔猪肝脏相对重量有所降低(P0.05),血清AST、ALT和ALP活性显著降低(P0.05),血清TP和GLB含量显著升高(P0.05),血清T-SOD活性显著升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏GSH-Px、肝脏T-SOD活性有所升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏M DA含量显著降低(P0.05),肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,长期饲喂镰刀菌毒素能够造成仔猪肝脏损伤,影响肝脏的抗氧化、蛋白质合成和免疫功能,而经过21 d恢复期,仔猪肝脏抗氧化和免疫功能得到了一定程度的改善。 相似文献
7.
<正>0引言玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是食品和饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素,尤其常见于玉米和甜菜粕。众所周知,采食高浓度的ZEN或DON饲粮会导致这些毒素传递至母乳中。在之前的一项研究中,已发现母猪在妊娠期和哺乳期饲喂含不同水平ZEN（200～1 000μg/kg）污染的饲粮会有不利影响,即导致仔猪卵巢功能受损。然而,在实际生产中受污染的玉米型饲粮通常含有ZEN和DON两种霉菌毒素,即使遵循欧盟法规来控制这些霉菌毒素在饲粮中的含量,其也可能会从母猪初乳和常乳中传递到仔猪体内。 相似文献
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9.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和脱氧雪腐烯醇（DON）是饲料中尤其是以玉米和甜菜渣（beet pulp）为原料的饲料中最常见的两种真菌毒素。众所周知,高ZEN或DON毒素含量水平的日粮最终会使毒素进入到母猪的乳汁中,对母猪和新生仔猪均造成不利的影响。ZEN及衍生物是一类主要由镰刀菌属的真菌产生的非甾体雌激素类真菌毒素,广泛存在于玉米、大麦、小麦和高粱等谷物饲料及其副产品中,能引起猪等家畜和家禽早熟,生殖周期紊乱。DON （又名呕吐毒素）是一种单端孢霉烯族毒素,主要是由禾谷镰刀菌和粉红镰刀菌产生的一种剧毒次级代谢产物。谷类作物粮食发生霉变后产生DON,猪对DON最为敏感,且危害也最大,主要毒性效应为拒食、呕吐、抵抗力下降和繁殖性能下降,结果不仅影响猪的生长性能,同时还严重危害猪的免疫功能和繁殖能力,给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。全球主要饲料生产大国和地区都制定了关于真菌毒素的限量标准。如果日粮中毒素的含量水平不是那么高（低于欧盟标准）,对母猪和新生仔猪是否就没有影响或者影响可以忽略呢？荷兰斯科特霍斯特饲料研究中心真菌毒素研究员雷吉安·圣徒博士（Dr RegianeSantos）在最新一期《All About Feed》（2021,29 （1）： 14-16）介绍了这方面最新的研究情况。试验中研究了母猪妊娠期和哺乳期ZEN、DON毒素及其衍生物传递给仔猪的情况,测定了母猪初乳和常乳中以及母猪和仔猪血清中真菌毒素的含量水平,并评估了真菌毒素（ZEN和DON）对母猪及所产猪的影响,最终得出以下结论。1）即使繁殖母猪的日粮中毒素含量水平较低（不超过欧盟标准）,毒素仍旧可以从日粮中传入到母乳中（初乳和常乳）,进而再由母乳传递给仔猪。2）虽然饲喂真菌毒素含量水平低的日粮并不影响母猪的生产性能以及仔猪的生长性能,但是确实会给母猪及其所产仔猪产生一定的影响。3）进食ZEN毒素含量水平较低日粮的母猪背膘厚度减少、血清中瘦素含量水平降低。4）真菌毒素使得雌性仔猪的繁殖性能受到影响使其不能被列入繁殖计划。 相似文献
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旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)暴露对断奶仔猪血清及肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响。选择30头21日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,体质量(6.87±0.41)kg,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组和高剂量组分别饲喂含1,2 mg/kg的DON日粮,试验期为60 d。试验结束时,所有仔猪经前腔静脉采血,分离血清,用于检测免疫因子含量;同时每组随机选择5头仔猪进行屠宰,收集免疫器官及各段小肠,用于检测免疫器官指数及小肠组织中免疫球蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,DON处理组仔猪血清中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体3(C3)及补体4(C4)含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验组仔猪脾脏指数较对照组显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);小肠各段肠黏膜中免疫球蛋白表达水平均随DON含量的增加而显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,在本试验条件下,DON可降低断奶仔猪的体液免疫及肠道黏膜免疫水平,改变仔猪的免疫功能。 相似文献
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CHEN Ning-bo ZHANG Chong-yu JIANG Shu-zhen Huang Li-bo CHEN Xiang-xing SUN Jian-li YANG Wei-ren 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2384-2390
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxins contaminated diet on serum enzymes, liver antioxidant function and histopathology of weaned gilts.Forty healthy weaned gilts (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) aged 35 d with body weight of (8.45±0.94) kg were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 pigs per replicate.Gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in the experiment group were fed with Fusarium toxins contaminated diet made by replacing 50% of corn and corn gluten meal in the basal diet with the naturally contaminated corn and corn gluten meal (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM).Gilts were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 d after 7 d adaptation.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group, the serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the liver index of experiment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).②Compared with control group, the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD in serum and liver of experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the MDA content in serum and liver were significantly increased (P<0.05).③ Histological examination of liver in experiment group revealed a certain degree of damage, with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration partly at the margin of hepatic lobule and vacuoles degeneration of local hepatic cells.The results indicated that Fusarium toxins contaminated diets (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM) could change serum enzymes activity and impair liver antioxidant function, with a certain degree of pathological injury of liver in the present study, which had a negative impact on the normal liver function in weaned gilts. 相似文献
12.
Jiang SZ Yang ZB Yang WR Gao J Liu FX Broomhead J Chi F 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(10):3008-3015
Zearalenone (ZEA), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is produced mainly by Fusarium fungi. Previous studies indicated that acute ZEA exposure induced oxidative stress and damage in multiple organs. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of dietary ZEA (1.1 to 3.2 mg/kg of diet) on oxidative stress and organ damage in postweaning gilts. A total of 20 gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weaned at d 21 with an average BW of 10.36 ± 1.21 kg was used in the study. Gilts were housed in a temperature-controlled room, divided into 4 treatments, and fed a basal diet only (control) or basal diet supplemented with purified ZEA at a dietary concentration of 1 (ZEA1), 2 (ZEA2), or 3 (ZEA3) mg/kg of diet for 18 d ad libitum. The actual ZEA contents (analyzed) were 0, 1.1 ± 0.02, 2.0 ± 0.01, and 3.2 ± 0.02 mg/kg for control, ZEA1, ZEA2, and ZEA3, respectively. Gilts fed different amounts of dietary ZEA grew similarly with no difference (P > 0.05) in feed intake. Vulva size increased linearly over the 18 d of feeding in gilts fed diets containing 1.1 mg of ZEA/kg or greater (P < 0.001). Relative weight of genital organs, liver, and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.05) in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamate transferase, urea, and creatinine (P < 0.05), and malondialdehyde concentrations in both serum and liver (P < 0.001) were also increased linearly in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. However, spleen relative weight (P = 0.002) and activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (in both serum and liver (P < 0.05) were decreased linearly as dietary ZEA increased. Results showed that besides genital organs, the liver, kidney, and spleen may also be target tissues in young gilts fed diets containing 1.1 to 3.2 mg of ZEA/kg for 18 d. Increased key liver enzymes in the serum suggest progressive liver damage caused by feeding ZEA, and an increase in oxidative stress in gilts is another potential impact of ZEA toxicity in pigs. 相似文献
13.
将150只8日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每次重复6只鸡。处理1组饲喂正常饲粮(阳性对照),处理2组为10%霉变玉米替代处理1组中正常玉米(阴性对照),处理3、4、5组分别在处理2组基础上添加100、200 mg/kg的大豆异黄酮和0.05%的膨润土。结果显示,与阳性对照组比较,处理2组显著地降低了肉鸡的采食量、日增重,增加了料肉比(P<0.05);显著地提高了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);同时降低了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。大豆异黄酮和膨润土的添加显著地提高了肉鸡采食量、日增重(P<0.05),降低了料肉比(P<0.05);同时降低了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮的添加还显著地提高了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,大豆异黄酮显著地抑制了霉菌毒素对肉鸡肝功能和生长性能的影响。 相似文献
14.
Tiemann U Brüssow KP Küchenmeister U Jonas L Pöhland R Reischauer A Jäger K Dänicke S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,176(2):188-196
Wheat contaminated naturally with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) was fed to pregnant Landrace sows for 35days. On day 110, caesarean section was carried out, the offspring were killed immediately after birth, and their livers and spleens examined. At necropsy there were no macroscopic lesions observed in any organ of either sows or piglets. Histopathological evaluation of tissues from sows of the treated group revealed changes in liver and spleen tissues, whereas no significant changes were observed in these tissues in their piglets. Liver damage, as measured by prominent elevated transaminase activities, was not detected in the serum of the sows. In pregnant sows there were individual variations in sensitivity to the Fusarium toxins. In conclusion, it can be assumed that there are no adverse effects on the liver and spleen of full-term piglets when their mothers consumed diets containing up to 9570 and 358mug DON/ZON per kg diet. 相似文献
15.
The efficacy of a modified aluminosilicate as a detoxifying agent in Fusarium toxin contaminated maize containing diets for piglets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Döll S Gericke S Dänicke S Raila J Ueberschär KH Valenta H Schnurrbusch U Schweigert FJ Flachowsky G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(9-10):342-358
Two feeding experiments with female weaned piglets were carried out applying a complete two by two factorial design to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 500 g/kg Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (8.6 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON); 1.2 mg/kg zearalenone (ZON)) and of 4 g/kg aluminosilicate (AS) as a detoxifying agent. The resulting four diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 80 piglets (20 piglets per group, allotted to a total of 20 pens) covering a live weight range of 10.5 +/- 1.3 to 27.5 +/- 4.4 kg in experiment 1, and to a total of 48 piglets (12 piglets per group, allotted to 12 pens) covering a live weight range of 9.7 +/- 1.8 to 21.4 +/- 4.8 kg in experiment 2. The animals of experiment 1 were slaughtered on days 34-36 of feeding the experimental diets. The mycotoxin analyses revealed that the control maize also contained considerable concentrations of Fusarium toxins, but the differences in DON and ZON concentrations between control and contaminated diets were sufficiently high to demonstrate both dose-related toxin effects. Voluntary feed intake and live weight gain of the animals were significantly reduced by the inclusion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize into the diets in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was found in experiment 1. Furthermore, the relative weight of the uterus, stomach and heart of the animals fed the contaminated maize containing diets were significantly increased. Serum albumin concentrations and the activity of GLDH were significantly reduced by the inclusion of the contaminated maize. The addition of AS to the Fusarium toxin contaminated diets did not prevent or alleviate any of the mentioned effects. Moreover, the feed intake tended to be decreased by this supplementation in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was indicated for this factor in experiment one as well. The serum concentration of albumin and the activities of ASAT and gammaGT were significantly increased if AS was present in the diets while serum concentration of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly or in tendency, respectively. The concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in liver and serum were not altered by the treatments. The analysed concentrations of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites in the bile fluid clearly indicated the differences in dietary ZON concentrations and showed that AS was ineffective in preventing the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Also, serum concentrations of DON reflected the DON intake prior to sampling. However, there were no differences between groups fed diets with or without AS which also suggests the inefficacy of the tested AS in preventing the DON absorption. The present investigations failed to demonstrate a detoxifying capacity of the tested additive and emphasize the general necessity for a critical verification of detoxifying agents in vivo. 相似文献
16.
S D?ll S D?nicke K H Uebersch?r H Valenta U Schnurrbusch M Ganter F Klobasa G Flachowsky 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2003,57(5):311-334
A dose response study was carried out with piglets to examine the effects of increasing amounts of Fusarium toxins in the diet on performance, clinical serum characteristics, organ weights and residues of zearalenone (ZON) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and their metabolites in body fluids and tissues. For this purpose, Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (1.2 mg ZON and 8.6 mg DON per kg maize) was incorporated into a maize based diet for piglets at 0, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50% at the expense of control maize. The experimental diets were tested on 100 female piglets allotted to 20 boxes (five animals per box) covering a body weight range of 12.4 +/- 2.2 kg to 32.5 +/- 5.6 kg. Voluntary feed intake and, consequently, body weight gain of the animals receiving the highest proportion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize were significantly decreased while the feed conversion ratio was not affected by the treatment. The mean weight of the uterus related to the body weight of the animals of the same group was increased by almost 100% as compared to the control. For this group, significantly decreased values of total serum protein were determined, while the serum activity of the liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and the serum concentration of the follicle stimulating hormone were decreased for all treatment groups receiving 6% contaminated maize or more in the diet. Serum concentrations of immuneglobulins were not consistently altered by the treatment. Corresponding to the dietary exposure, increasing concentrations of ZON and alpha-zearalenol were detected in the bile fluid, liver and in pooled urine samples. The metabolite beta-zearalenol was detected only in bile fluid. The total concentration of ZON plus its metabolites in bile fluid correlated well with the diet contamination (r = 0.844). DON was found in serum, bile fluid and pooled urine samples while de-epoxy-DON was detected only in urine. The serum concentration of DON correlated well with the respective toxin intake 3-4 h prior to slaughtering (r = 0.957). For all mentioned analyses of residues it has to be noted that toxin residues were detectable even if negligible concentrations were present in the diet. 相似文献
17.
Tiemann U Brüssow KP Jonas L Pöhland R Schneider F Dänicke S 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(1):236-245
Feeding experiments with diets containing Fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat were conducted to clarify the pathogenesis of immunological effects of Fusarium toxins to porcine spleen cells. Contaminated diets were fed to 36 Landrace prepubertal gilts for 35 d. Concentrations (as-fed basis) of the indicator toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), respectively, were 210 and 4 (control--group I), 3,070 and 88 (group II), 6,100 and 235 (group III), and 9,570 and 358 microg/kg (group IV). No signs of hyperestrogenism or uterotrophic effects were observed because of dietary treatments. The feeding of mycotoxin-contaminated diets did not cause gross pathological findings in the spleens of animals. In vivo, no inhibitory effects were detected on concanavalin A-stimulation of blood lymphocytes; however, the proliferation rate of splenocytes was inhibited (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the diet with the highest DON/ZON concentration. With in vitro studies, lower proliferation rates of blood lymphocytes and splenocytes preexposed to DON were detected. Serum IgA concentrations of pigs in group II were increased (P < 0.05) compared with the baseline value before feeding the DON/ZON diet. The histopathological data indicated elevated (P < 0.05) iron staining in the red pulp of spleens in gilts from groups I to IV after 35 d of feeding. The presence of hemosiderin particles in the spleen sections was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic investigation. Together, the results provide evidence of spleen dysfunction (hemosiderosis) in the absence of clinical signs, especially in pigs fed higher concentrations (groups III and IV) of Fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat. 相似文献
18.
Goyarts T Dänicke S Rothkötter HJ Spilke J Tiemann U Schollenberger M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(6):305-314
Wheat infected naturally with Fusarium, contaminated mainly with deoxynivalenol (DON) (16.6 mg DON/kg), was added to a total constant wheat content of 400 g/kg diet. To distinguish between differences in feed intake and specific effects of the DON contaminated diet, control and DON contaminated feed was administered for 11 weeks under ad libitum and restrictive feeding conditions to 48 pigs of both sexes, which were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 per group). Feed intake was 2.90 kg/day, live weight gain 987 g/day and feed to gain ratio 2.77 kg/kg for the ad libitum fed control group. The group fed DON contaminated wheat ad libitum significantly consumed 15% less feed and gained 13% less live weight, while the feed to gain ratio was unaffected. Moreover, it was concluded that the lower growth performance by DON contaminated feed resulted mainly from the lower voluntary feed intake, because there were no differences in live weight gain between the groups with the restrictive feeding regimen. On the contrary, metabolizable energy, nitrogen retention digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre were significantly increased by 3, 10, 3, 6, 9 and 20% in the DON group respectively. Animals fed DON contaminated diets needed more time to consume the restrictive ration than the control group. For example in the first hour after feeding 85% of the control pigs had consumed all feed, but only 39% of the DON group had. There were only few differences in haematological and serum parameters, which were characterized by a high variation between individuals. DON and IgA concentrations in serum were significantly influenced by DON exposure. 相似文献