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黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病的发生与防治 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
马铃薯晚疫病是黑龙江省目前主要病害之一,每年发生和流行的程度均不同,但一般年份都会使得马铃薯产量减少20%左右,所以对于马铃薯晚疫病的防治工作越来越被重视。简单介绍马铃薯晚疫病的症状及发病规律,分析黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病的发生情况,从品种选择、合理轮作、加强田间管理和化学防治等方面,提出综合防治策略和技术,以供种植者参考借鉴。 相似文献
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黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型应用评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2018,(6)
马铃薯晚疫病是世界马铃薯生产上一种毁灭性病害,化学防治是控制马铃薯晚疫病最有效和最简单的方法。但是,化学防治存在用药不及时和过度施药的问题,采用马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型可以有效解决这个问题。应用黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型,对马铃薯晚疫病发生进行了预测,并与丹麦NegFry模型、每7 d施药和每10 d施药处理比较。黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型处理、丹麦NegFry模型处理和每7 d施药处理与对照相比在病害防治效果方面差异显著,黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型处理与丹麦NegFry模型处理和每7 d施药处理相比不显著。采用黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与实际病害发生拟合度达95%。黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与丹麦NegFry模型处理、每7 d施药处理、每10 d施药处理相比,减少杀菌剂使用次数1～3次。与空白对照相比,增产48.24%,小薯率降低5.63个百分点,烂薯率降低4.52个百分点,增加纯收入12 090元/hm~2。所以,黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与丹麦NegFry模型和每7 d防治处理达到同等防治效果,且降低农药使用量,可及时指导晚疫病田间防治工作。 相似文献
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黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌交配型的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
由致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans(Mont.)de Bary引起的晚疫病是目前危害马铃薯生产最严重的病害之一,明确A2交配型在黑龙江省的存在与否,对晚疫病防治策略的制订具有重要的指导意义。本研究将采自黑龙江省大兴安岭、嫩江、讷河、克山、海伦、绥棱、绥化、巴彦、呼兰、哈尔滨、双城、林口、望奎的马铃薯晚疫病样品进行分离纯化得到124个菌株,通过对峙培养鉴定方法进行交配型测定,结果显示:124个菌株中未发现A2交配型菌株,表明黑龙江省未出现马铃薯晚疫病A2交配型。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献