共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
以3头年龄相同、平均体重为650±20 kg、泌乳期相同的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究探讨添加葵花油、胡麻油和菜籽油的日粮对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH4-N浓度动态变化、干物质采食量及日粮养分表观消化率的影响.研究结果表明:日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH,-N浓度动态变化的影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
2.
[目的]该试验旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平莫能霉素,对奶牛瘤胃内发酵、日粮营养物质降解率及奶牛血液生化指标影响。[方法]试验选取3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管奶牛,设计采用3×3拉丁方试验设计。试验分为三组,MⅠ组为基础日粮;MⅡ组为基础日粮添加31.5mg/kg DM莫能霉素;MⅢ组基础日粮添加46.5 mg/kg DM莫能霉素。[结果]莫能霉素添加组pH值均高于对照组（P〉0.05）;添加46.5 mg/kg DM的莫能霉素后氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;日粮中添加46.5 mg/kg DM的莫能霉素后瘤胃内乙酸发酵量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;日粮中添加31.5 mg/kg DM莫能霉素后丙酸发酵量高于对照组（P〉0.05）,且丙酸摩尔比例显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;日粮DM、CP和NDF在瘤胃内有效降解率随莫能霉素添加量的增加而降低,添加组奶牛血液中的尿素氮,血浆中血糖及乳酸浓度,各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]日粮中添加莫能霉素可以提高牛瘤胃中的pH值,降低氨态氮浓度,显著提高丙酸摩尔比例,降低丙酸、乙酸比值,但减缓了粗蛋白的降解速度,一定程度上提高血液中尿素氮和血糖浓度。 相似文献
3.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(11):35-39
选用4只体重(55±2)kg、3岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉公羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮中添加纳米铜(添加量分别为:对照组0 mg Cu/kg、处理A组10 mg Cu/kg、处理B组20 mg Cu/kg、处理C组30 mg Cu/kg)对瘤胃液铜浓度、pH值及日粮表观消化率的影响。结果表明:(1)处理C组的瘤胃液铜浓度平均值显著高于对照组和处理B组(P<0.05);(2)瘤胃液铜浓度与瘤胃pH呈高度正相关(P<0.01),纳米铜有提高瘤胃液pH的趋势,处理C组的瘤胃液pH平均值显著高于对照组(P>0.05);(3)瘤胃液铜浓度与日粮OM的表观消化率呈高度负相关(P<0.05),处理C组CP、EE的表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据试验结果推断,添加纳米铜低于30 mg/kg时不会影响日粮表观消化率。 相似文献
4.
不同收获期青贮玉米对奶牛瘤胃部分指标和消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为了科学利用全株玉米青贮饲料.[方法]通过3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,测定乳熟前期、乳熟期、蜡熟期玉米青贮组成的日粮对奶牛瘤胃pH值、NH3-N、VFA浓度和消化率的影响.[结果]发现:饲喂不同收获期玉米青贮日粮时奶牛瘤胃内pH值分别为6.89、6.73和6.79;氨氮浓度分别为33.32 mg/dl,38.87 mg/dl和34.53 mg/dl;TVFA浓度平均值分别为66.60 mmol/L、66.52 mmol/L、59.06 mmol/L;DM的消化率分别为55.67%、73.58%、76.69%; CP的消化率分别为52.93%、70.65%、71.85%;NDF的消化率分别为41.76%、66.51%、64.08%;ADF的消化率分别为29.47%、57.04%、54.79%.[结论]蜡熟期与乳熟期收获的玉米青贮组成日粮的主要营养成分消化率均高于乳熟前期,但3组日粮对奶牛瘤胃内环境及发酵产物的影响不显著. 相似文献
5.
不同过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛pH和氨态氮的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,试验分4个阶段,每阶段分别饲喂日粮Ⅰ(基础日粮 保护性蛋氨酸Ⅰ 30g/d)、日粮Ⅱ(基础日粮 保护性蛋氨酸Ⅱ30 g/d)、日粮Ⅲ(基础日粮 保护性蛋氨酸Ⅲ 30 g/d)和日粮Ⅳ(基础日粮),研究棕榈油脂肪粉包被蛋氨酸对瘤胃液pH和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度的影响.结果表明,日粮中添加保护性蛋氨酸对瘤胃pH影响不显著;对NH3-N浓度有降低趋势,但添加RPMet-Ⅰ影响不显著,添加RPMet-Ⅱ和RPMet-Ⅲ大部分时间点影响显著. 相似文献
6.
试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛，试验分4个阶段，每阶段分别饲喂日粮Ⅰ（基础日粮＋保护性蛋氨酸Ⅰ30g/d）、日粮Ⅱ（基础日粮＋保护性蛋氨酸Ⅱ30g/d）、日粮Ⅲ（基础日粮＋保护性蛋氨酸Ⅲ30g/d）和日粮Ⅳ（基础日粮），研究棕榈油脂肪粉包被蛋氨酸对瘤胃液pH和氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度的影响。结果表明，日粮中添加保护性蛋氨酸对瘤胃pH影响不显著；对NH3-N浓度有降低趋势，但添加RPMet-Ⅰ影响不显著，添加RPMet-Ⅱ和RPMet-Ⅲ大部分时间点影响显著。 相似文献
7.
[目的]本文旨在研究不同水平的米曲霉日粮对奶牛瘤胃降解率及日粮表观消化率的影响。[方法]试验选用三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为三组,A组为基础日粮,B组和C组分别为基础日粮添加米曲0.04%和0.08%DM。[结果]米曲霉显著提高了日粮干物质、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率,其中B组的瘤胃降解率影响效果优于A组和C组,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。三组日粮干物质和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率大小顺序为B〉C〉A,但各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;B组日粮CP和NDF消化率均显著高于A组和C组（P〈0.05）,但A组和C组差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]适量添加米曲霉（0.04%DM）有利于提高奶牛瘤胃DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率及日粮CP和NDF的表观消化率。 相似文献
8.
不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃代谢及养分表现消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以3头荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,采用3×3拉丁方设计,探讨日粮中添加不同油料籽实(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3-N和菌体蛋白浓度动态变化、干物质采食量及养分表观消化率的影响.3种籽实分别为葵花籽、胡麻籽、菜籽.结果表明:日粮中添加不同的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃液纤毛虫数量动态变化影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);对瘤胃液pH值动态变化影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),且数值均在瘤胃发酵的正常范围之内;瘤胃液NH3-N浓度动态变化3组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);对菌体蛋白浓度的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);对奶牛干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);对奶牛干物质表观消化率、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);粗脂肪和粗蛋白的表观消化率均为葵花籽组较高,与其他2组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),葵花籽组粗脂肪和粗蛋白的表观消化率分别为62.56%、64.92%,胡麻籽组和菜籽组的粗脂肪和粗蛋白表观消化率较低,但差异不显著(P＞0.05). 相似文献
9.
观察添加刺五加提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分利用的影响,以揭示其对瘤胃发酵影响的机理。选择6只健康的小尾寒羊,随机分为2组,采用交叉试验设计,分别添加0、50mg／kg刺五加水提取物。不同时间点采集试验羊的瘤胃液,测定pH值、氨态氮（NH,-N）浓度、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度;收集试验动物粪便,测定日粮中各营养物质的表观消化率。试验结果表明：刺五加的添加可以降低绵羊瘤胃NH,-N浓度,使瘤胃液pH值变化趋势减缓;明显提高日粮酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的表观消化率（P〈0．05）,显著提高瘤胃液乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度（P〈0．05）。该试验为刺五加添加剂在反刍动物中的应用奠定基础,同时对中草药添加剂日粮在反刍动物中的使用提供借鉴。 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在揭示硫胺素对体外培养奶牛瘤胃微生物发酵的影响。以2头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,设置精粗比为40∶60的底物,硫胺素的添加量设为0、20、40、60和80 mg/kg 4个水平,采用人工瘤胃体外发酵方法研究硫胺素对瘤胃发酵、微生物变化的影响。试验结果表明,低精料日粮条件下添加硫胺素对培养液pH影响不显著,但有提高pH的趋势;低精料日粮条件下NH3-N浓度随着硫胺素添加水平的增加而上升;低精料日粮条件下硫胺素提高了细菌蛋白的产量而降低了原虫蛋白的产量。 相似文献
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12.
[目的]为了筛选饲用豌豆在肉牛饲养中的最适添加量。[方法]试验以4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂交公牛为研究对象,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验日粮共分4组,分别为对照组：基础日粮;试验组一：精料中添加15%豌豆;试验组二：精料中添加25%豌豆;试验组三：精料中添加35%豌豆。[结果]表明试验组二和试验组三的干物质表观消化率显著高于其他两组（P〈0.05）,试验组二和试验组三的酸性洗涤纤维消化率（P〈0.05）显著高于对照组;第24 h的干物质消失率对照组显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,试验组二在48 h和72 h的粗蛋白消失率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;对照组和试验组三日粮中干物质的b值和有效降解率显著低于其他组（P〈0.05）,对照组和试验组三日粮中粗蛋白的b值显著低于试验组一（P〈0.05）,对照组的c值显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）,NDF和ADF的降解参数和有效降解率各组之间差异不显著。[结论]豌豆在中混合精料中的最适添加量为25%。 相似文献
13.
The effects of 3 supplemental Cu concentrations on feedlot performance, mineral absorption, carcass characteristics, and ruminal S metabolism of cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) were evaluated in 2 experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted with 84 Angus-cross yearling steers and heifers (initial BW = 238 ± 36 kg), which were blocked by gender and allocated to 12 pens. Supplemental dietary Cu (tribasic copper chloride) treatments were: 1) 0 mg Cu/kg diet DM, 2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet DM, 3) 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM. The remainder of the diet was DDGS (60%), grass hay (10%), pelleted soy hulls (15%), and a vitamin-mineral supplement (15%). Diets were offered ad libitum throughout the finishing phase (168 d). Three cattle from each pen (n = 36) were harvested on d 168 and carcass data and liver samples were collected. Copper supplementation did not affect ADG (P = 0.22). However, the nonsignificant trend for increased ADG and decreased DMI led to a linear increase (P = 0.02) feed efficiency (G:F = 0.167, 0.177, and 0.177 for 0, 100, and 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM, respectively). The apparent absorption of Cu decreased quadratically (P = 0.07) and the apparent absorption of Mn and Zn were decreased linearly (P = 0.03 and P = 0.05, respectively) with increased Cu supplementation. Cattle supplemented with 100 or 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM had greater liver Cu concentrations (P < 0.01) than cattle that were not supplemented with Cu. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.10) on HCW, LM area, USDA yield grade, backfat, or marbling score. Experiment 2 was conducted with 6 ruminally fistulated steers that were fed the same diets as in Exp 1 in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Copper supplementation did not affect (P > 0.10) ruminal pH or liquid S(2-) concentrations in steers consuming 60% DDGS diets (total dietary S = 0.55%). From 3 to 9 h after feeding, H(2)S gas concentration was decreased in those cattle supplemented with 100 mg Cu/kg diet. Concentration of H(2)S gas did not differ among cattle supplemented with 0 or 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM on 60% DDGS diets. Supplemental Cu improved feed efficiency in cattle consuming diets containing 60% DDGS; however, effects of Cu on rumen S metabolism were minimal even when supplemented at twice the maximum tolerable limit for beef cattle (NRC, 2000). 相似文献
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Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rumen-degradable protein balance (OEB) deficit on voluntary intake (trial 1), microbial protein synthesis, and N metabolism (trial 2) in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls. In trial 1, six bulls (339 +/- 26 kg of initial BW) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square and received a diet of 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate with ad libitum intake (DM basis). Three concentrates were formulated by adding urea at the expense of barley to give similar dietary contents of intestinal digestible proteins, NE for fattening, and fermentable OM, but with different levels of OEB. Thus, 2 levels of OEB deficit (-23.7 and -9.2 g of OEB/kg of DM) were compared with a diet providing a slight OEB surplus (5.3 g of OEB/kg of DM). Voluntary DMI decreased linearly (P = 0.02) with decreasing rumen-degradable protein balance. This decrease in intake could explain the linear decrease in ADG observed when negative OEB diets were fed. In trial 2, six bulls (304 +/- 12 kg of initial BW) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square and fed diets similar to those used in trial 1 at an intake level of 85 g of DM/kg of BW(0.75). Diurnal variations of ruminal NH(3)-N and plasma urea-N concentrations were greatly influenced by the level of OEB in the diet. No differences in NDF and starch degradation in the rumen, microbial N flow at the duodenum, or efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were noted among the levels of OEB in diets. The reductions of the OEB value from 5.3 g/kg of DM to -9.2 g/ kg of DM and -23.7 g/kg of DM were associated with reductions of 26.5 and 48.8% in urinary N output. Absolute amounts of N retained by the bulls increased significantly with the level of OEB in diets. Indeed, 51.4% of the incremental supply of N was excreted between -23.7 and -9.2 g of OEB/kg of DM diets, and 74.6% of the incremental supply of N was excreted between -9.2 and 5.3 g of OEB/kg of DM diets. Feeding diets characterized by an adequate intestinal digestible protein supply and a OEB close to -10 g of OEB/kg of DM could be a feeding strategy to reduce N losses from the farm with little effect on the animal performance and voluntary intake. Reduced OEB may reduce N excretion in the environment but may also result in decreased N retention. 相似文献
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对8只10月龄南江黄羊母羊(平均体重30.16 kg),安装永久性瘤胃瘘管。采用对比试验设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组在精料中分别添加1%、2%、3%中草药。采集瘤胃液测定pH值、氨氮浓度和细菌数量。试验结果表明:试羊瘤胃液平均pH值在6.447.10范围内变动。随中草药添加水平的提高,pH值上升(P<0.01)。瘤胃液平均氨氮质量浓度的变化范围为12.737.10范围内变动。随中草药添加水平的提高,pH值上升(P<0.01)。瘤胃液平均氨氮质量浓度的变化范围为12.7339.84 mg/100mL,随中草药添加水平的提高,氨氮浓度增加(P<0.01)。添加中草药后,瘤胃中乳酸杆菌和淀粉分解菌数量增加,差异显著(P<0.05),但中草药添加水平对细菌数量无显著影响。以上结果说明,复方中草药添加剂可以改善瘤胃发酵功能,并促进乳酸杆菌和淀粉分解菌数量增加。 相似文献
16.
【目的】通过研究饲料中添加缩合单宁对海鲈生长性能、体成分、营养物质表观消化率及肠道组织结构的影响,探讨缩合单宁作为水产饲料添加剂的潜在应用价值。【方法】选择初始体重为(2.76±0.05) g的健康海鲈480尾,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾。分别投喂3种等氮等脂饲料,即T1(基础饲料,对照组)、T2(基础饲料＋1 g/kg缩合单宁)和T3(基础饲料＋2 g/kg缩合单宁)。采取饱食投喂方式,试验周期为63 d。【结果】各组之间成活率和饲料系数无显著差异(P＞0.05),T3组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著低于T1和T2组(P＜0.05);各组之间全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05);干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率均表现为T1＞T2＞T3(P＜0.05),T3组粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于T1组(P＜0.05),T1和T2组之间粗脂肪表观消化率无显著差异(P＞0.05),各组之间灰分表观消化率无显著差异(P＞0.05);与T1组相比,T2和T3组海鲈肠道出现不同程度损伤,表现为绒毛长度显著降低(P＜0.05),杯状细胞数量显著增加(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加1 g/kg缩合单宁不影响海鲈生长性能,但降低了干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率,添加2 g/kg缩合单宁抑制了海鲈生长,降低了干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率,且破坏了肠道组织结构。缩合单宁可作为饲料添加剂应用于海鲈,建议添加剂量不超过1 g/kg。 相似文献
17.
单宁酸对绵羊日粮养分消化利用及氮代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在饲料中添加不同比例的分析纯单宁酸(鞣酸),对绵羊营养物质消化利用及氮代谢参数的影响进行了研究,并探讨分析纯单宁酸在饲粮中的适宜添加量。试验选用4只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的羯绵羊(2岁,平均体重为35±2.15 kg)作试畜,采用4×4拉丁方设计进行试验,研究了饲粮单宁酸水平(A、B、C、D分别为0、10、15、20 g/kg DM)对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响,16 d(预试期10 d,正试期6 d)为一个饲粮循环,全期共64 d。结果表明,高浓度单宁酸(20 g/kg DM)影响绵羊的采食量,进而影响绵羊对干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的食入量(P<0.01);但随着单宁酸浓度的增加,绵羊对DM、OM、NDF、ADF、Ca、P的消化率并无显著影响(P>0.05);处理组A、B、C的N食入量与N消化量极显著高于D(P<0.01),N存留率随单宁酸比例的增大而升高,仅C处理组显著高于A(P<0.01);N消化率、pH、总N浓度差异不显著(P>0.05);而瘤胃液NH3-N浓度和尿素氮(BUN)呈线性下降,A的NH3-N显著高于D(P<0.05),而其血浆尿素氮(BUN)高于C、D(P<0.01)。可见,单宁酸具有提高蛋白质在绵羊体内消化吸收的功效;饲粮中单宁酸含量小于15 g/kg DM时,能够显著提高氮存留率,对蛋白质保护的效果较好;故单宁酸在饲粮中的添加量不应该超过15 g/kg DM。 相似文献
18.
Zhang HH Li GY Ren EJ Xing XM Wu Q Yang FH 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):436-441
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of diets with different protein and dl-methionine (Met) levels on nitrogen (N) retention, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and some blood parameters in growing minks. Eighty healthy male minks were selected and randomly divided into five groups with different types of diet. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 36% (HP) and 28% (LP), corresponding to average 363g and 295g protein/kg DM, respectively. LP was supplemented with Met (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% DM); the codes were LP+M1, LP+M2 and LP+M3, respectively. From July to middle of September, the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio (F/G) of the minks that received the diet with 0.6% Met added to the low protein diet was better than feeding HP and other groups. Fecal N and Urinary N of group LP+M2 were the lowest one, in contrast, the daily retention of N was the highest one. Digestibility of DM and CP were not affected by different diets, but digestibility of fat declined with dietary protein level decreasing. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was affected by different protein and Met levels. Considering all factors the best performance could be observed offering LP+M2, the prime level of Met was 13.87 g/kg DM in dietary, and 258.5 g digestible protein kg(-1) DM was enough for mink in growing period. Furthermore, addition of Met in low protein diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reduced feed expenses and lower nitrogen emissions to the environment. 相似文献