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不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃代谢及养分表观消化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验以3头荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,采用3×3拉丁方设计,探讨日粮中添加不同油料籽实(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3N和菌体蛋白浓度动态变化、干物质采食量及养分表观消化率的影响。3种籽实分别为葵花籽、胡麻籽、菜籽。结果表明:日粮中添加不同的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃液纤毛虫数量动态变化影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对瘤胃液pH值动态变化影响差异不显著(P>0.05),且数值均在瘤胃发酵的正常范围之内;瘤胃液NH3N浓度动态变化3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);对菌体蛋白浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对奶牛干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对奶牛干物质表观消化率、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);粗脂肪和粗蛋白的表观消化率均为葵花籽组较高,与其他2组相比差异显著(P<0.05),葵花籽组粗脂肪和粗蛋白的表观消化率分别为62.56%、64.92%,胡麻籽组和菜籽组的粗脂肪和粗蛋白表观消化率较低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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以3头平均体重为650+20kg,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的5岁中国荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,试验采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究和探讨日粮中添加不同的油料籽实(日粮脂肪含量均在6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内PH值及NH3-N浓度动态变化的影响。3种籽实分别为葵花籽、胡麻籽、菜籽。研究结果表明,日粮中添加不同的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃液PH值动态变化的影响差异不显著(P0.05),其平均值依次为6.26、6.33、6.36,均在瘤胃发酵的正常范围之内。瘤胃液NH3-N浓度变化3组之间差异不显著(P0.05),其平均值依次为(mg/100ml)10.86\8.29\9.81。 相似文献
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以3头年龄相同、平均体重为650±20 kg、泌乳期相同的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究探讨添加葵花油、胡麻油和菜籽油的日粮对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH4-N浓度动态变化、干物质采食量及日粮养分表观消化率的影响.研究结果表明:日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH,-N浓度动态变化的影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
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以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究在日粮中添加不同油料籽实(即葵花籽、亚麻籽、菜籽)的外源脂肪,对奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量变化的影响,以及对乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比例以及血浆中长链脂肪酸比例变化的影响。3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同。结果表明:日粮中添加3种不同油料籽实,对奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量及乙/丙比影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对乳脂中的共轭亚油酸(CLA)比例及其他多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比例的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。葵花籽作为外源脂肪显著提高乳脂中CLA的比例;3组间的血浆中C14:0、C16:0、C18:0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽组C18:1的比例显著高于亚麻籽组和葵花籽组(P<0.05),而后2组则差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻籽组和葵花籽组t-C18:1、C18:2的比例与菜籽组的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而亚麻籽组和葵花籽组则差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为了研究葵花籽对奶牛日粮养分消化率和产奶量的影响,选择4头处于泌乳中期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,分为对照组(A组)、6%葵花籽添加组(B组)、10%葵花籽添加组(C组)和15%葵花籽添加组(D组)进行试验。结果表明:与A组相比,B、C、D组日粮干物质采食量分别减少了0.40,0.64,0.84 kg/d;D组中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和干物质的全消化道表观消化率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),而A、B、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);在产奶量方面,与A组相比,B、C、D组产奶量分别提高了0.50 kg/d(P>0.05)、0.90 kg/d(P<0.05)和0.30 kg/d(P>0.05);B、C、D组的乳脂率比对照组分别提高了3.26%、6.23%、7.12%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明日粮中添加葵花籽可以降低奶牛干物质采食量,促进养分消化率的提高,对乳脂率也有一定改善作用,特别是添加10%的葵花籽可以显著提高产奶量。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、抗氧化性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取45头产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组15头。对照组饲喂不添加硒的基础饲粮,无机硒(SS)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,有机硒(SO)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒羟基类似物。试验期91 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期84 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加硒对奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳成分没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,SO组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),但SS组以上指标与对照组没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)各组中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,SO组有机物、粗蛋白质及粗脂肪的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);SS组有机物和粗蛋白质的表观消化率提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能没有影响,但与对照组相比,硒添加组的抗氧化性能和营养物质的表观消化率提高,而且SO组的效果明显优于SS组。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(7):57-60
试验旨在研究水貂对进口鱼粉、血浆蛋白粉、羽毛粉、猪血球蛋白粉和肠膜蛋白粉5种非常规饲料的表观消化率,为合理利用饲料资源提供科学依据。试验选取年龄、品种、体重相近,健康的准备配种期改良型黑色母貂30只,平均分成5组,每组6只。采用套算法测定了水貂对5种饲料原料干物质、能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和磷的表观消化率。试验结果表明:水貂对猪血球蛋白粉组干物质的表观消化率显著地高于进口鱼粉和羽毛粉组(P0.05),羽毛粉的干物质和能量表观消化率最低(P0.05)。猪血球蛋白粉的粗蛋白表观消化率组最高,羽毛粉组粗蛋白的表观消化率显著地低于其他各组(P0.05)。肠膜蛋白粉组粗脂肪表观消化率显著地高于血浆蛋白粉、羽毛粉和猪血球蛋白粉组(P0.05),但与进口鱼粉组差相比异不显著(P0.05);5种试验饲粮的蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白利用率指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。因此,5种蛋白质饲料中养分表观消化率最高的是进口鱼粉,其次是肠膜蛋白粉、血浆蛋白粉和猪血球蛋白粉,羽毛粉最低。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母培养物对泌乳奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究酿酒酵母培养物对泌乳奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化和免疫指标的影响。选取产奶量、胎次和泌乳天数相近的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛45头,随机分成3个组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮组,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加精料量1%和2%的酿酒酵母培养物。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组产奶量极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.01);试验Ⅰ组产奶量较对照组提高了0.36 kg/d,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的干物质采食量较对照组分别提高了0.22和0.46 kg/d,但差异不显著(P0.05);各组之间乳成分和饲料转化效率差异不显著(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组干物质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);各组之间中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。4)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组丙血清氨酸转移酶活性极显著低于对照组(P0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),各组之间其他各项血清生化和免疫指标差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加精料量2%的酿酒酵母培养物可显著提高泌乳奶牛生产性能,改善机体免疫能力,从而增加牧场经济效益。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献