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选用同一大豆杂交组合亲本产生的4个品系为试验材料,于营养生长期干旱胁迫条件下,测定叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对电导率、渗透势等生理指标,并结合株重、粒数、粒重等农艺性状,通过抗旱隶属函数值对各品系的抗旱性级别进行了划分,进而对各品系生理指标与其抗旱隶属函数值做了相关和回归分析.结果表明:相对含水量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量与抗旱性呈正相关:而相对电导率、渗透势与抗旱性呈负相关.综合分析得出4个品系抗旱性从强到弱的次序为:73-2(圆叶紫花)、73-1(尖叶白花)、73-3(圆叶白花)、73-4(尖叶紫花). 相似文献
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Yadav Renu Juneja Sumandeep Kumar Rashpal Saini Rashmi Kumar Sanjeev 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(5):515-533
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - In northern India, chickpea experiences abrupt heat and drought stress during the late developmental stage and entails significant production loss. In... 相似文献
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Accomplishments in breeding for adaptation to drought and heat are reviewed based upon work with the indeterminate grain legume species cowpea. Plant traits and some crop management methods are examined that influence adaptation to rainfed production in the drought-prone, semiarid tropical Sahelian zone of Africa. Drought escape, drought resistance, delayed-leaf-senescence, and varietal intercrops are examined. In addition, adaptation to the heat that can detrimentally impact irrigated production in the hot, subtropical arid zone of California is evaluated. Heat tolerance during reproductive development, electrolyte leakage, membrane thermostability, some aspects of crop management including date of sowing, and chilling tolerance during emergence including the beneficial effects of a dehydrin protein are considered. Methods for breeding cowpeas with adaptation to drought and heat are described that have been effective. 相似文献
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Antonio Michele Stanca Cristina Crosatti Maria Grossi Nadia Gloria Lacerenza Fulvia Rizza Luigi Cattivelli 《Euphytica》1996,92(1-2):215-219
Summary Molecular adaptation to cold and drought involves a series of biochemical and molecular changes leading plants to improve their winter hardiness or drought resistance.We are interested to study the molecular basis of cold acclimation and drought response of barley to survive under stress. Several genes regulated by low temperatures and sometimes by drought have been isolated from the barley genome. In this review the most significant results of our recent work will be presented and discussed.The protein encoded by cDNA clone pt59 and induced in barley by cold was over-expressed in E. coli to produce the matching antibody, which in vivo recognizes a cold-induced protein of 14 kDa (COR14). The COR14 is stored in amounts only slightly greater in the cold resistant Onice than in the susceptible Gitane, although the former has a higher induction-temperature threshold of COR14 than the latter. This fact is an evolutionary advantage enabling the resistant varieties in the field to prepare for the cold well ahead of the susceptible ones.Two other cDNA clones, paf93 and cdr29, are regulated by low temperature and drought stress but not by exogenous ABA treatment. Indeed during the early stage of dehydration, the mRNAs are expressed before the induction of known ABA regulated genes such as dehydrins and when only a small increase occurs in ABA content. The sequence analysis revealed that paf93 encodes for a protein homologous to the cold-regulated protein COR47 of Arabidopsis, whereas cdr29 represents a plant gene homologous to yeast and mammalian sequences coding for acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- COR
cold regulated 相似文献
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逐渐干旱对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
（研究目的） 研究逐渐干旱条件下牡丹光合指标及荧光特性变化。（方法）以胡红、洛阳红两种牡丹品种为试验材料,进行土壤逐渐干旱处理,从牡丹光合响应、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数的变化来研究牡丹光合与荧光特性。（结果）随着土壤水分胁迫的加剧,叶片的净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）下降,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）升高,干旱降低牡丹净光合作用、限制气体交换。（结论）75%的土壤相对含水量最适合牡丹的生长,同时发现与干旱胁迫相比,水分过多更不利牡丹的生长。不同品种间比较发现,胡红比洛阳红更耐旱,适应性更广 相似文献
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Heterosis and mixing effects in barley under drought stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. H. P. Einfeldt S. Ceccarelli S. Grando A. Gland-Zwerger H. H. Geiger 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):350-355
Yield stability is one of the main breeding objectives in breeding for stress environments, such as the semi‐arid areas of Syria. The objectives of this study were to measure the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity on yield and yield stability by comparing doubled haploid lines (DHL) in mixed vs. pure stand (influence of heterogeneity) and F2 populations vs. corresponding DHL mixtures (influence of heterozygosity). Six barley lines from two gene pools (LR = landraces, EL = experimental lines) were used to produce nine crosses (two LR × LR, three EL × EL, four LR × EL). The F2 generation and eight DHL per cross were produced from each cross. The six parental DHL, nine F2 populations, nine 8‐line mixtures and 72 DHL in pure stands were tested in five environments under drought stress in north Syria. The mean superiority of F2 populations over DHL mixtures for yield traits across environments and cross combinations ranged between 7.5 and 10%. The effect of heterogeneity was small throughout. For grain yield, harvest index, 1000‐grain weight and plant height significant interactions between heterozygosity levels and environments were observed. The effect of heterozygosity for grain yield increased substantially from ‐1.2% in the highest‐yielding environment to 45.6% in the most stressful environment. Interactions between levels of heterozygosity and cross combinations were significant for most traits. F2 populations were considerably more stable than DHL in pure stands, yet not as stable as DHL mixtures. It is concluded that heterozygosity is more important than heterogeneity in breeding for improved yield and yield stability under drought stress. 相似文献
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Haploidy breeding and mutagenesis for drought tolerance in wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Several intraspecific crosses between known drought tolerant wheat varieties and stable high yielding recombinants were made
with the objective to develop improved cultivars for the moisture stressed rainfed areas of Pakistan. Five of these crosses
were selected for further creation of useful mutations through the application of low doses of gamma rays and development
of doubled haploids through anther culture. Anther culture response of the selected irradiated F1 generations was studied on liquid and solid induction media. The highest number of calli among almost all crosses was produced
on Potato-2induction medium. All the crosses varied greatly in response to callus induction and maximum calli (75%) were obtained
from Lyl-73/vee’s’ cross. Similarly, genotypic differences were found for green vs. albino regenerants. The highest number
of green plantlets (12.1%) was recorded for Lu-26/3062. From the developed doubled haploid population 25 DH-mutants were initially
selected and nine lines were finally included in multi-locational field tests. Two DH-mutants (i.e. DHML-50 and DHML-9) have
potential for better grain yield, earliness, disease resistance and moisture stress tolerance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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植物可能会记住已有的逆境刺激,且这种记忆可以跨代遗传。为研究G0代干旱锻炼对玉米B73 G1代当代干旱胁迫记忆基因表达的影响及其启动子区DNA甲基化的影响,实验用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件,选取在玉米和拟南芥已知的当代均具有干旱胁迫记忆特性的6个基因为研究对象,利用qRT-PCR技术分析这些基因的表达水平变化,并进一步利用重亚硫酸盐测序PCR技术分析在2个世代中表达差异最显著基因启动子区的DNA甲基化率变化规律。结果表明:干旱胁迫上调了6个当代胁迫记忆基因的表达水平,均呈+/+模式,同当代多次干旱胁迫时表达水平变化趋势一致,且G1代表达水平显著高于G0代;干旱胁迫降低了GRMZM2G088396基因启动子区的甲基化水平,检测区1两个世代DNA甲基化率的降低主要由CHG和CHH甲基化水平降低造成,检测区2 DNA甲基化率的降低主要是由CG和CHH甲基化水平降低造成,G1代2个检测区总胞嘧啶甲基化率均显著低于G0代,说明G0代干旱锻炼使G1代GRMZM2G088396基因启动子区的DNA甲基化修饰产生了可遗传的变异,它可能直接参与GRMZM2G088396基因的表达。 相似文献
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Root distribution patterns of peanut genotypes with different drought resistance levels under early‐season drought stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Thangthong S. Jogloy N. Jongrungklang C. K. Kvien V. Pensuk T. Kesmala N. Vorasoot 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(2):111-122
Drought severely limits crop yield of peanut. Yet cultivars with enhanced root development enable the exploration of a greater volume of soil for water and nutrients, helping the plant survive. Root distribution patterns of three genotypes (ICGV 98305, ICGV 98324 and Tifton‐8) were compared when grown in well‐watered rhizoboxes and when grown in rhizoboxes where an early‐season drought was imposed using rain‐exclusion shelters. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the experiment was conducted during two seasons at the Field Crop Research Station of Khon Kaen University, in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The root system of ICGV 98305, when grown under drought, had a significantly higher root length in the 30–110 cm deep soil layers and less roots in the 0–30 cm soil layers when under drought than when grown under well‐watered conditions. Roots of Tifton‐8 had the largest reductions in root length in upper soil layer and reduced in most soil layers. Tifton‐8 grown under drought was smaller than under well‐watered control for all root traits, showing negative response to drought. The peanut genotypes with high root traits in deeper soil layer under early‐season drought might contribute to drought avoidance mechanism. 相似文献
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植物可能会记住已有的逆境刺激,且这种记忆可以跨代遗传。为研究G0代干旱锻炼对玉米B73 G1代当代干旱胁迫记忆基因表达的影响及其启动子区DNA甲基化的影响,实验用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件,选取在玉米和拟南芥已知的当代均具有干旱胁迫记忆特性的6个基因为研究对象,利用qRT-PCR技术分析这些基因的表达水平变化,并进一步利用重亚硫酸盐测序PCR技术分析在2个世代中表达差异最显著基因启动子区的DNA甲基化率变化规律。结果表明:干旱胁迫上调了6个当代胁迫记忆基因的表达水平,均呈+/+模式,同当代多次干旱胁迫时表达水平变化趋势一致,且G1代表达水平显著高于G0代;干旱胁迫降低了GRMZM2G088396基因启动子区的甲基化水平,检测区1两个世代DNA甲基化率的降低主要由CHG和CHH甲基化水平降低造成,检测区2 DNA甲基化率的降低主要是由CG和CHH甲基化水平降低造成,G1代2个检测区总胞嘧啶甲基化率均显著低于G0代,说明G0代干旱锻炼使G1代GRMZM2G088396基因启动子区的DNA甲基化修饰产生了可遗传的变异,它可能直接参与GRMZM2G088396基因的表达。 相似文献
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CIMMYT's approach to breed for drought tolerance 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary About 32% of the 99 million ha wheat grown in developing countries experiences varying levels of drought stress. Three major drought types have been identified: Late drought (LD) is common in the Mediterranean region, early drought (ED) is found in Latin America and wheat is produced on residual soil moisture (RM) in the Indian subcontinent and part of Australia. Until 1983, CIMMYT selected all germplasm under near optimum conditions for its yield potential and tested only advanced lines under drought. In spite of many critics, this approach proved to be successful, since in the mid 80's CIMMYT germplasm was grown on 45% of the wheat area in LC with annual rainfall from 300–500 mm and on 21% in areas with less than 300 mm. Since 1983, CIMMYT's drought breeding methodology is to alternate segregating populations between drought stressed and fully irrigated conditions (FI) and to test advanced lines under a line source irrigation system. To compare the efficiency of these approach, yield of four, mostly leading varieties, from each of the regions with LD, ED, RM, and FI and twelve recent CIMMYT cultivars selected for high yield under FI and RM conditions (ALT) were compared under four different moisture regimes (FI, LD, ED, and RM) in 89–90 and 90–91 in Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Genotypic correlation between yield and days to flowering, days to maturity, height, grains m-2, TKW, test weight and grain fill period were calculated.Mean grain yield of the four best lines in the ALT group was highest under all moisture stress regimes, followed by the FI-group. However, the highest yielding cultivar within each moisture regime was from the FI-group under FI, from the LD-group under LD, and from the ALT-group under ED and RM conditions. Estimates for genetic advance suggest that FI is the best environment for increasing grain yield even in all three drought environments. This indicates that yield potential per se is beneficial also in drought environments. The highest yield in drought environments was realized by the CIM cultivars selected under FI and RM. Simultaneous evaluation of the germplasm under near optimum conditions, to utilize high heritabilities and identify lines with high yield potential, and under stress conditions to preserve alleles for drought tolerance seem at present the best strategy. 相似文献
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茶树水分胁迫与干旱研究现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对茶树水分胁迫和干旱的国内外研究现状进行了回顾，涉及光合作用、激素代谢、脯氨酸含量、酶活性、无机营养元素、茶树生长和产量品质方面的内容。对茶树抗旱性和水分胁迫进一步研究提供了良好的基础，并对进一步研究趋势进行了探讨。 相似文献
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山西省小麦苗期根系性状及抗旱特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦苗期根系形态是成株期根系分布的基础,与抗逆和产量密切相关,全面认识苗期根系及抗旱特性,对于抗旱优异种质的利用和早期筛选具有重要意义。采用239份山西省小麦品种(系)在土培条件下,研究了苗期根系性状及对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明,正常生长下山西小麦苗期根系性状多样性丰富,地方种变异最大;不同年代品种中,除最大根长随年代略下降外,其他性状均呈先升后降的趋势;不同根系性状对水分胁迫响应存在差异,总根长对水分最敏感,其次为根表面积、根体积和根生物量,最大根长和平均根数不敏感。苗期根系综合抗旱能力随年代呈先降后升的趋势,地方种和20世纪70年代品种多为中抗,80和90年代的品种抗旱性较低,2000年以后审定品种的抗性较高,其中旱地品种抗性最好。苗期根系抗旱特性与产量性状相关分析发现,最大根长、总根长、根体积和根生物量与雨养条件下的千粒重和产量显著正相关,最大根长和根生物量与成株期抗旱性也显著正相关。因此苗期最大根长和根生物量可作为半干旱地区旱地育种过程中抗旱性和产量的早期筛选指标。 相似文献
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W. Link A. A. Abdelmula E. Von Kittlitz S. Bruns H. Riemer D. Stelling 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(6):477-484
Instability of yield in faba bean is partly caused by drought susceptibility. Four sets with 10-19 faba bean genotypes each were evaluated in multilocal field trials between 1992 and 1996. Stress occurred as natural drought in one experiment and as artificial terminal drought in three experiments. Artificial drought was induced by rain shelters; the control treatment was irrigated. Tolerance was assessed as the ratio of yield under drought (Yd) to well-watered yield (Yw). Highly significant variances between genotypes occurred; heritability of tolerance was 0.51 < h2 <0.88. Exotic (North African. Latin American) genotypes were more tolerant than adapted material. Correlations between Yw and Yd were 0.77** < r <0.97**, and variance of Yd was less than one-third of the variance of Yw. Drought tolerance was negatively correlated with Yd (-0.41 < r < -0.22). Relative reduction of plant height due to drought was a promising trait to improve drought tolerance indirectly in two sets. The prospects of improving Yd are good: heritability was 0.68 < h2 < 0.86. Genetic improvement of drought tolerance also seems feasible. A specific cross was proposed to create improved material. 相似文献
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A method for drought tolerance screening in sunflower 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. A. Pereyra-Irujo L. Velázquez C. Granier L. A. N. Aguirrezábal 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(4):445-448
One difficulty in obtaining drought-tolerant varieties is the unequivocal evaluation of plant response to soil-water deficits. A method is proposed that allows reproducible soil-water deficit treatments to be applied to different sunflower genotypes. Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants were sown in the same pots as but earlier than some sunflower plants in order to rapidly deplete the soil water. This method was compared to a standard method in which plants under evaluation are used to dry out the soil. The method was reproducible in the evaluation of drought tolerance of four sunflower inbred lines. Advantages of the proposed method are that: (i) it allows the desired soil water content to be reached quickly; (ii) the resulting soil water content in the pot is uniform and (iii) the rate of decrease in soil water content is independent of the genotype being evaluated. Data indicate that maize plants had no effect on the growth of sunflower genotypes. 相似文献