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测定了不同寄主植物饲养的椰心叶甲种群对3种杀虫剂的敏感性变化情况。结果表明,取食不同食料的椰心叶甲后代对啶虫脒敏感性顺序为:鱼尾葵>酒瓶椰子>大王棕>椰子叶,对高效氯氰菊酯敏感性顺序为:鱼尾葵>酒瓶椰子>椰子叶>大王棕,对阿维菌素敏感性顺序为:酒瓶椰子>椰子叶>大王棕>鱼尾葵;其中对阿维菌素的敏感性差异幅度最大,为14.18倍,对高效氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒的敏感性差异幅度较小,分别为3.47倍和2.54倍。表明取食不同的寄主植物可引起椰心叶甲对杀虫剂的敏感性变化。 相似文献
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随着黑龙江省马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式推广面积的逐年增加,其害虫的防控技术已经成为制约该模式下马铃薯生产的重要环节,为解决这一问题,特设立6种化学及生物杀虫剂(5%吡虫啉乳油2 000倍液、3%啶虫脒乳油3 000倍液、48%乐斯本乳油2 000倍液、30%速克毙乳油2 000倍液、40%氧化乐果乳油2 000倍液、2%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液)进行马铃薯瓢虫及蚜虫的田间药效比较试验及3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫幼虫的室内杀虫活性的测定。经过对校正防效和虫口减退率比较分析,结果表明:3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫与蚜虫施药7 d后的防效最高,分别达到84.94%和94.99%;其虫口减退率也最高,分别达到77.12%和92.04%。通过对LD50值比较6种药剂对马铃薯瓢虫的毒力,其中毒力最大的为3%啶虫脒乳油,LD50值为0.05。3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫幼虫的72 h LD50为21.22 mg/L。由此可见,3%啶虫脒乳油是防治马铃薯瓢虫及蚜虫的有效药剂。 相似文献
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海枣异胸潜甲是一种新入侵并爆发成灾的棕榈科植物害虫,筛选出具有较高毒力水平的化学药剂防治该虫迫在眉睫。本研究采用浸渍法测定了11种杀虫剂对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的毒力。试验结果表明,较低浓度的阿维菌素(10 mg/L,24 h)、氟虫腈(10 mg/L,24 h)、甲氨基阿维菌素(10 mg/L,72 h)和啶虫脒(10 mg/L,48 h)对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的触杀致死率达100%,其24 h的LC50分别为0.7、2.28、4.02、5.61 mg/L;较高浓度的高效氯氰菊酯(200 mg/L,48 h)、氯虫苯甲酰胺(400 mg/L,48 h)和氯氟氰菊酯(400 mg/L,72 h)对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的触杀致死率达100%;敌百虫、多杀菌素、虫酰肼和氟啶脲的触杀致死率相对较低。因此,可选用阿维菌素、啶虫脒、甲氨基阿维菌素和氟虫腈作为当前防治海枣异胸潜甲主要防治药剂。 相似文献
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应用浸叶饲喂法测定6种药剂对褐足角胸叶甲(Basilepta fulvipes Motschulsky)成虫的毒力作用。结果表明：6种杀虫剂均对褐足角胸叶甲均有效果,其中25%联苯菊酯·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%氯虫苯甲酰胺·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%除尽·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油和25%多杀菌素·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油对褐足角胸叶甲成虫的毒力较高,LC50分别为23.519 8、7.432 3、23.602 6和15.977 7 mg/L。45%马拉硫磷乳油和20%甲氰菊酯乳油的毒力较低。 相似文献
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烯啶虫胺等4种杀虫剂防治棉花蚜虫田间药效试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验表明,烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、吡虫啉对棉花蚜虫有良好的防治效果,硫丹次之;烯啶虫胺10%水剂450mL.hm-2在药后1天、7天的防治效果与啶虫脒20%可溶粉剂67.5g.hm-2和吡虫啉350g·L-1悬浮剂90mL.hm-2的相当,烯啶虫胺10%水剂300mL.hm-2在药后7天的防治效果与硫丹350g·L-1乳油1350mL.hm-2的相当。烯啶虫胺、硫丹、啶虫脒、吡虫啉为棉花蚜虫的综合防治提供了新的防治途径,建议4种杀虫剂轮换使用,以免棉花蚜虫较快产生抗药性。 相似文献
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棉蚜是棉花的主要害虫,其生殖周期短,繁殖能力强,在适宜气候条件下,短期内就能暴发成灾。随着本区对高毒、高残留化学农药品种的全面禁用,研究筛选防治抗性棉蚜的环境友好型新型品种作为替代品种具有重要意义。鬼斧(20%啶虫脒液剂)和神弓(20%啶虫脒粉剂)是高效低毒的新型生物杀虫剂,它具有内吸性强,药效持久,对棉蚜杀伤迅速等特点。为进一步研究和验证这两种新型生物杀虫剂对棉蚜的田间防治效果和施用方法,2006年在本区进行试验示范。材料和方法供试药剂:鬼斧(20%啶虫脒液剂)和神弓(20%啶虫脒粉剂)由河北绿风集团有限公司提供;0%氧化乐果市… 相似文献
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为探索在棉花生产全程机械化背景下的植保无人机对江西棉田中后期危害较重的刺吸式害虫棉盲蝽、叶蝉、烟粉虱的防治效果,在各类刺吸式害虫发生偏重的棉田,使用大疆无人机喷施15%（质量分数,下同）阿维·螺虫悬浮剂750 mL·hm－2（简称阿维·螺虫）、1.8%阿维菌素450 mL·hm－2＋5%啶虫脒乳油450 mL·hm－2（简称阿维＋啶虫脒）防治各类害虫,以清水为对照,分别调查药前各处理成虫、若虫基数和药后1、5、14 d傍晚棉株上残存成虫、若虫活虫数。结果显示：无人机喷施阿维＋啶虫脒防治盲蝽的速效性相对较好,药后1 d校正防效即达到45.1%,但阿维·螺虫后期防效较好,药后14 d校正防效高于前者38.7百分点;阿维·螺虫防治棉叶蝉药后5 d的校正防效与阿维＋啶虫脒药后1 d相当,后期防效高于阿维＋啶虫脒;2种药剂无人机喷施防治烟粉虱效果均较差。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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