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1.
Studies were made on 27 horses which were known to weave. They were stallions, mares and geldings between the ages of 3 and 22 years. The horses were individually observed for several days in their habitual surroundings. A period, in which a horse makes pauses of not more than ten minutes, is considered a weaving phase. Shorter pauses subdivide the weaving phase into weaving series. The basic unit of weaving is the weaving displacement, i.e. the head movement between the turning points. The number of daily weaving displacements of the horses examined varied from less than 400 up to almost 18,000. The time spent weaving per day was 67 minutes on the average. Weaving is presumably caused by an exceedingly stressful situation. Weaving phases were mainly released by certain environmental irritations. It is improbable that a horse would begin weaving by copying another. Horses which weaved strongly did not distinguish themselves by a quicker release of weaving but rather by a longer reaction to individual irritations. Therapeutic attempts seem to promise success only within certain limits. The health condition is only affected insignificantly, if at all, by weaving. 相似文献
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The so-called "fox tapeworm" (Echinococcus multilocularis), the causative agent of a severe disease in man (alveolar echinococcosis), is presently under public discussion in Switzerland. Therefore, actual information is provided on the life cycle of the parasite, epidemiology, disease in humans, symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis. It is recommended that in endemic regions hunters handling foxes should wear protective gloves, dead foxes should be transported in plastic bags and wild fruits, berries and vegetables should be carefully washed and--if possible--heated to more than 70 degrees C for some minutes prior to consumption. After contact with foxes or other final hosts (dogs, cats) infected with E. multilocularis, persons should be monitored with the highly sensitive and specific Em2-ELISA for serum antibodies aiming at an early diagnosis and treatment of a potential infection. 相似文献
3.
"Subclinical" laminitis in dairy cattle 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Vermunt JJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(4):133-138
In dairying countries worldwide, the economic importance of lameness in cattle is now recognised. Laminitis is regarded as a major predisposing factor in lameness caused by claw disorders such as white zone lesions, sole ulcer, and heel horn erosion. The existence of subclinical laminitis was first suggested in the late 1970s by Dutch workers describing the symptoms of sole haemorrhages and yellowish-coloured, soft sole horn. In an attempt to clarify some of the confusing and often conflicting terminology, the literature on laminitis is reviewed. Disturbed haemodynamics, in particular repeated or prolonged dilation of arteriovenous anastomoses, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both equine and bovine laminitis. Some characteristics of the vascular system of the bovine claw which may be of importance in the pathophysiology of the subclinical laminitis syndrome are therefore discussed. Clinical observations suggest that subclinical laminitis is a multifactorial disease. The different factors that are or may be involved in its aetiology vary in complexity and severity according to the management protocol of the animals. The possible involvement of subclinical laminitis in claw lesions is assessed. 相似文献
4.
Abstract: "Hygia" cowside milk progesterone kit examined Milk samples of a wide range of progesterone concentrations (< 0.6 – 50 ng/ml) were analyzed with the cowside test "Hygia" (Hartmann AG, HeidenheirnlBrenz). The test is easy to conduct and takes 10–15 min. In case of high (> 10 nglml), intermediate (2.2–9.5 ng/ml) and low (< 1.8 ng/ml) progesterone levels correct diagnoses were arrived at in 98%, 87% and 95% of all cases, respectively. 相似文献
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K B Haas 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(8):1344-1345
7.
The "colorful" epidemiology of PRRS 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Blaha T 《Veterinary research》2000,31(1):77-83
The paper describes the specifics of the epidemiology of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), that is its "behavior" as a communicable disease in porcine populations, and compares them to the general epidemiological characteristics of communicable diseases. This analysis shows that infection with the PRRS virus "behaves" epidemiologically both as an epidemic and as an endemic disease: on the one hand it can spread like an epidemic in na?ve populations, and on the other it seems to linger on infinitely in an affected population with its clinical expression varying from farm to farm like an endemic disease. The paper tries to draw "epidemiological" conclusions on the general methods for controlling and/or eradicating the disease, and to identify areas of further research. 相似文献
8.
我国现行《草原法》对草原的定义为“本法所称草原，是指天然草原和人工草地”。梳理了植物学阶段、生态学阶段、生态系统阶段、人类生态学阶段等不同历史阶段对草原的不同定义，认为现行《草原法》中对草原的定义在生态学和法学中都已经过于陈旧和狭窄。“草原”至少应该是指“天然草原、人工草地，以及包含自然环境和人类活动在内的草地生态系统。”但这需要突破传统法理学中的法律关系，即将“人与自然（准人类）”的关系上升为新的法律关系，指出从“生态系统管理立法”理论的视角，重新审定《草原法》法学指导思想已经成为必要。 相似文献
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Novacco M Boretti FS Wolf-Jäckel GA Riond B Meli ML Willi B Lutz H Hofmann-Lehmann R 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):59
"Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" infects felids. The pathogenesis of "Candidatus M. turicensis" chronic infection is poorly understood. The goals of the present study were to (1) induce reactivation of the infection in chronic carrier cats by attempted immunosuppression, (2) identify potential tissue sequestration using real-time TaqMan® PCR and (3) monitor the humoral immune response by DnaK enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten specified pathogen-free cats that had ostensibly recovered from experimental "Candidatus M. turicensis" infection were used: five cats (group 1) received high dose methylprednisolone (attempted immunosuppression), while five cats served as untreated controls (group 2). Besides weekly blood samples, tissue samples were collected from bone marrow, kidney, liver and salivary glands at selected time points. The cats in group 1 had significantly lower lymphocyte counts and higher blood glucose levels after methylprednisolone administration than the controls. After methylprednisolone administration one blood and three tissue samples from cats in group 1 tested PCR-positive; before the administration, only one sample was positive. All other samples tested PCR-negative. All cats stayed seropositive; the antibody levels of the cats in group 1 showed a significant transient decrease after methylprednisolone administration. This is the first study to report the presence of "Candidatus M. turicensis" in tissues of chronically infected cats and the persistence of anti-feline hemoplasma antibodies in the absence of detectable bacteremia. Methylprednisolone administration did not lead to a significant reactivation of the infection. Our results enhance the knowledge of "Candidatus M. turicensis" infection pathogenesis and are clinically relevant to the prognosis of hemoplasma-infected cats. 相似文献
10.
D J Klingborg 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1987,3(3):483-499
Reproductive parameters are important in evaluating modern dairy management performance. Successful dairying results from constant attention to daily events, requiring more sensitive and immediate measurements of performance. Definitions of formulas, numerators, denominators, and population included or excluded are essential for proper interpretation and comparison of results. Veterinarians understanding these statistics and indexes, and using stratification of data to investigate production losses, will serve their clients well. My advice is to approach a herd with a perceived reproductive problem by evaluating these parameters; they are the means of determining if a problem exists and, if so, where it is. Find out how the various parameters are calculated so your interpretation will be correct. Herds with average days in milk of less than 165, culling rates below 25 per cent, and a milking rate of 85 per cent or more do not have long-term reproductive problems. If management techniques fail to achieve these levels, first look at those areas involving people. Conception rates measure all the components that, when multiplied, equal fertility: insemination technique, semen quality, heat detection accuracy, and the cow factors involved. Poor conception rates require investigation into these areas individually. Heat detection intensity leading to prolonged days in milk at first service is another common finding. Comparison of inseminators and sires may identify a problem area. Cow factors require more intense investigation to determine their cause. Use the information outlined in the periparturient period to assist you. In most cases, a combination of failures in many of the independent factors creates the problems in reproduction that we encounter. A large data base including all the information discussed and additional information is necessary to define, correct, and monitor reproductive management performance. Since performance ultimately is determined by the quality of the labor force, ongoing monitoring for accountability and education is necessary for success. 相似文献
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聂庆娟 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(2)
《玛迪》、《白鲸》、《皮埃尔》构成了麦尔维尔精神探索的三部曲,它们分别从人类思维形式、精神存在方面对人类精神活动的表现形式真理、命运、善作出了形而上学的哲学思考。正如西方文明的探索一开始就蒙上了悲剧的影子,麦尔维尔的探索注定是要失败的。即便这样,在追求精神自由、探索真理的道路上,麦尔维尔决不向既定的权威、信仰、观念以及同时代固有的哲学思想屈服,成了一个敢于说"不"的精神朝圣者。 相似文献
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“灭蚕蝇1号”防治柞蚕饰腹寄蝇病应用方法再试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对"灭蚕蝇1号"防治柞蚕饰腹寄蝇病应用技术方法的重新试验,结果初步表明,不同时期用药,防效差异显著,其中老眠起2日龄用药效果最高,校正防效为57.9%;不同使用浓度防效差异显著,0.25%质量分数的防效最高,为68.5%;从增加用药次数的试验效果看,4龄期用药,并不能提高防效。生产中使用"灭蚕蝇1号"防治柞蚕饰腹寄蝇病可采用二次用药法,即5龄起蚕2～3d进行第1次喷药,5龄起蚕6～7d进行第2次喷药。 相似文献
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“兵班长”的“兵”其实是一头军犬,它的名字叫“战龙”。说起“战龙”,队里的兄弟们都知道,它是“兵班长”女朋友的情敌。事情还要从“兵班长”刚刚改选士官讲起,那年刚刚带上士官肩章的“兵班长”正兴冲冲的准备回家看望3年没有见面的女朋友,可不料假刚刚批下来,“战龙”却得了急性肠胃炎,整天不吃不喝,这可把“兵班长”急坏了,整整陪了“战龙”7天。看着它的病情有了好转,“兵班长”松了口气,这才想起休假的事,可收拾好行李去和“战龙”告别时,大病初愈的“战龙”还是一幅没精打采的样子,饭也不好好吃。“兵班长”想“战龙”的身体还没恢… 相似文献
15.
JOHN B. GLEN 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1970,1(1):38-48
A combination of Oroperidol and Fentanyl produced satisfactory conditions for the performance of minor surgical interferences and examinations in 84 out of the 100 occasions in which it was used. Use of the technique allowed short painful procedures and examinations to be carried out and with the use of Nalorphine animals could be promptly returned to waiting owners. For simple examinations and to facilitate radiography in excitable animals a dose of 1 mV40 Ibs. was used. At this dose level spontaneous movements were not usually Seen unless radiography took more than ten minutes. For minor surgical procedures where analgesia was more important a dose of 1 m1/20 Ibs. was usually used. The intravenous route of administration was preferred, despite the higher incidence of side effects, due to the almost immediate onset of analgesia and sedation, but the drugs were usually given intramuscularly when it was anticipated that an interference would last more than 15 minutes. The intramuscular route was of particular value in frankly vicious dogs but other excitable dogs allowed an intravenous injection whereas they would not, for example, have tolerated having their ears cleaned. The combination has been used in a number of old poor risk cases and here again the rapid reversal of the effects of Fentanyl with Nalorphine has been found useful. Particular attention was required in these cases to ensure adequate pulmonary ventilation if respiratory depression occurred. Thalamonal Vet was only used in three cases for premedication for general anaesthesia and its place in this field cannot be assessed here. General anaesthesia can be induced with an intravenous barbiturate and the dose required is markedly reduced. As an alternative anaesthesia can be induced with a gaseous or volatile agent after intubation or with a mask. There is a place in Veterinary practice for a sedative and an analgesic drug combination whose effects can be rapidly reversed. The disadvantages of the present technique were found to be 1) the high incidence of side effects of which spontaneous movements and increased sensitivity to noise were most troublesome 2) insufficient analgesia or sedation in a few cases 3) respiratory depression in a small number of cases. As long as these disadvantages are borne in mind and it is recognised that this combination produces its optimum effect for a relatively short period Thalamonal Vet may come to have a place in veterinary anaesthesia for short procedures where complete immobility is not essential. Such procedures would include some dental operations, application and removal of Plaster of Paris casts, examination of painful joints, intra medullary pin removal, and examination of the pharynx. 相似文献
16.
H E Oksanen M K?rkk?inen M Mero K Levonen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(11):444-447
The first occurrence of "Hyena disease" in cattle in Finland is described. The affected beef bulls consumed very high doses of vitamins A, D and E. Some of them developed to "Hyena" bulls and some to "Hyena/dwarf"-bulls. The radiological signs in the skeleton were similar to those which can occur in connection with vitamin A and D overdoses. 相似文献
17.
Some problems with the physiological concept of "stress" 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J. RUSHEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(11):359-361
Stress has become a central concept in discussion of animal welfare, partly because it has been seen to have a precise physiological definition. However, stress is a term in ordinary language with a variety of connotations, not all of which can be related to activity of the pituitary adrenal axis. There is good evidence against the idea that the rise in plasma corticosteroids that occurs in response to some treatment can be used to assess the degree of suffering or distress experienced by an animal. The rise may simply reflect demands on the learning abilities of the animals. Veterinarians should be careful in their use of the term, and in their interpretation of such physiological data, in the context of animal welfare. 相似文献
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Riggenbach Ch Stranzinger G Poncet PA Glowatzki ML Muntwyler J Gaillard C Rieder S 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2005,147(5):195-204
In this study it was investigated whether the "Einsiedler" warmblood horse, a historically old horse population from central Switzerland (Abbey of Einsiedeln), is distinguishable from micellaneous horse breeds, using molecular genetic techniques. The breeding history of Einsiedler horses is characterised by systematic line breeding through the dams. Therefore, two Einsiedler dam lines (N = 28), going back to the middle of the 19th century according to pedigree entries, were the focus of the survey. Random samples of diverse warmblood horse populations, but also samples from more distinct types of horse breeds, served as comparison populations (N = 52).Variation in the mitochondrial genome appeared to be only partially informative to demarcate the studied horses, as horses of distinct breeds may share identical mtDNA sequence fragments. Both dam lines revealed haplotypes commonly found in Iberian horse breeds. This is to take as an indication on the genetic origin of Einsiedler horses. Furthermore, the Klima dam line held a homologous mtDNA sequence fragment with E. ferus przewalskii. Therefore, this seems to be a phylogenetically old haplotype. The analysis of microsatellite loci revealed that horses from the two Einsiedler dam lines were in fact distinguishable from more distinct types of horses, but not from closely related European warmblood horse breeds and English thoroughbred. 相似文献
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2010年8月28日22时许,贵州省黔西南州兴仁县公安局刑侦大队接指令:当日18时许,兴仁县某村的13岁女孩曾某在山坡放牛时,连同两头耕牛一起失踪,经过曾某家属组织人员寻找,在山坡上只找到曾某所穿的一双塑料拖鞋,指挥中心要求刑侦大队民警携警犬出勘现场. 相似文献