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1.
农村居民点整理的现实潜力估算 总被引：33，自引：7，他引：26
有效评估农村居民点整理的现实潜力,是顺利开展农村居民点整理的重要环节。该文以文登市为例,通过选取与现实潜力转化有关的自然、社会、经济、土地资源状况和宅基地利用等14个指标,建立综合指标体系,对现实潜力利用层次分析法确定的权重和标准化指标值进行了综合评价,将评价结果作为综合修正系数,对理论潜力进行修正,得出文登市农村居民点整理的现实潜力。研究结果表明：文登市各镇综合修正系数介于0.25～0.70之间;2010年、2020年农村居民点整理的现实潜力,分别为883.67 hm2和1072.74 hm2;耕地增加系数分别为10.10%和12.27%。研究认为应根据各区域现实潜力大小来安排农村居民点整理,以便提高整理效率。 相似文献
2.
耕地整理潜力测算 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
在GIS支持下，采用样区法测算了延庆县的耕地整理潜力。结果表明：县内平耕地的无效耕地系数平均为6.14%，低、中、高3种整理水平的耕地整理潜力系数是0.68%、2.10%、2.81%，相应的耕地整理潜力为109.29、337.53、451.64 hm2；坡耕地的无效耕地系数平均为9.95%，低、中、高3种整理水平的耕地整理潜力系数是0.70%、3.03%、4.20%，对应的耕地整理潜力为90.68、392.52、544.09 hm2。延庆县采用的测算耕地无效耕地系数的样区法、所取得的平耕地与坡耕地的无效耕地系数、不同耕地整理水平的耕地整理潜力系数可作为同类地区的耕地整理潜力测算参考，依据这两个系数测算的延庆县耕地整理潜力可作为延庆县耕地整理规划及土地整理项目可行性研究的科学依据。 相似文献
3.
中国城镇化过程中村庄土地整理潜力估算 总被引：40，自引：8，他引：40
该文在理论分析的基础上，创建了一个定量的数学模型来估算村庄土地整理净增加的潜力。估算结果表明，全国平均整理系数2010年为1.42～2.42、2030年为2.27～3.27，分别可净增加耕地面积173.81～296.58万hm2、279.10～401.86万hm2。通过对不同时间和不同生态区的整理系数比较，村庄土地整理潜力具有明显的时空分布规律。在时序上，随着社会经济的发展和城镇化水平的提高，我国农村人口会逐渐减少，整理潜力逐渐增大；在空间上，东部和中部村庄土地 相似文献
4.
农村居民点用地整理现实潜力测算及分区——以重庆市丰都县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农村居民点整理潜力与结构优化是农村居民点问题研究的核心,对统筹城乡土地利用具有重大意义。针对丰都县各乡镇的自然、社会和经济因素,采用定性分析和定量计算相结合、层次筛选法、SPSS聚类分析的方法,测算农村居民点用地整理现实潜力,并根据耕地系数对全县进行聚类分区。结果表明:①丰都县2011—2020年农村居民点整理现实潜力为1 287.78hm2,耕地增加率为13.37%;②依据整治潜力可将研究区划分为生态型整理乡镇7个、适度型整理乡镇16个、重点型挖潜乡镇7个,分区调控提高了农村居民点用地效率和集约化程度。 相似文献
5.
生态文明导向下的小尺度农村居民点整理——以甘肃省渭源县清源镇为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]分析小尺度农村居民点的整理潜力、整理能力,为类似区域农村居民点整理提供参考依据。[方法]以甘肃省渭源县清源镇的25个行政村为研究对象,以2010年土地利用变更调查库数据为基础,采用Yaaph层次分析、聚类分析等方法,结合ArcGIS软件,对清源镇农村居民点的整理潜力、整理能力进行测算。[结果]清源镇农村居民点的整理潜力为330.063hm~2;选取生态条件、生产条件和生活条件等3方面的8个指标,构建修正指标体系,得出其整理能力为186.561hm~2,潜力释放水平为56.52%。25个村中,上磨村整理潜力最大,北关村、柯寨村和秦王村3个村不具备整理潜力,结合修正系数,将农村居民点整理潜力分为4级。[结论]根据整理潜力、整理能力及潜力修正系数,提出保留模式、并点模式、缩减模式和集聚模式等4种整理模式。 相似文献
6.
基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力估算及实证 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
为合理估算农村居民点整理潜力,该文提出基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力测算新思路。借助植被覆盖率对农村居民点斑块进行分类,通过分析抽样农村居民点斑块的植被覆盖与内部用地结构得到整理潜力修正系数,从而建立基于植被覆盖率修正的农村居民点整理潜力估算模型,并以北京市门头沟区为例展开实证研究。研究结果表明,门头沟区无整理潜力的农村居民点占大多数,具有整理潜力的农村居民点主要集中在经济相对落后的乡镇,并且这部分农村居民点多远离主干道;山区具有中、高整理潜力的农村居民点略多于平原、浅山区,而低整理潜力的农村居民点明显多于平原、浅山区;门头沟区规划整理的农村居民点内部包含有大量农用地,其中建设用地比例只占63.19%～71.54%,但是,第二次土地调查将整个农村居民点都作为建设用地调绘;因而,一些不考虑植被覆盖修正的农村居民点整理潜力测算方法夸大了整理潜力,放大了城乡建设用地增减挂钩的效果。该文为进一步合理估算农村居民点整理理论潜力提供参考。 相似文献
7.
农村居民点整理后耕地质量评价与应用 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
农村居民点整理作为耕地占补平衡的一项重要途径,其补充耕地应统筹质量与数量。该文以北京市平谷区为例,利用农用地分等方法与数据,辅助于GIS空间分析功能与邻域替代法,评价了农村居民点整理后耕地质量等别,将研究成果应用于农村居民点整理规划,核算了规划补充耕地的生产能力,探讨了规划实施的目标设定、时空安排与关键性工程措施。研究表明,全区农村居民点整理后耕地自然质量分值在0.3910～0.9745之间,划分为5个等别,可实现单产浮动区间为5769～12758kg/hm2;平谷区农村居民点整理规划中拆迁农村居民点面积为2442.60hm2,适宜整理为耕地的面积为1922.07hm2,整理后一等耕地到五等耕地分别占12.75%、21.69%、40.54%、15.36%和9.66%;近期优先整理Ⅰ级区,推进耕地规模化经营与用养结合,中期重点整理Ⅱ级区,加强培肥地力和农田水利工程建设,远期适度整理Ⅲ级区和Ⅳ级区,需长期开展山地土地平整和生态保护工程建设。该研究尝试将农用地分等理论与方法应用于农村居民点整理研究,以期为耕地占补"双平衡"的实践与管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
基于产能理论的耕地整理现实潜力测算方法研究——以河北省肃宁县为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地整理潜力的测算既要考虑整理的自然潜力,更要注重现实潜力。通过对国内外土地整理潜力相关理论分析,提出运用农用地产能核算结果,用产能增产潜力表示耕地整理的自然潜力,并通过选取与现实潜力转化相关的经济、社会和基础设施等9个指标,建立综合指标体系,对自然潜力利用层次分析法确定的权重和标准化指标值进行了综合评价,将评价结果作为修正系数,对理论潜力进行修正。最后以肃宁县为例,进行实证研究。研究结果表明:肃宁县耕地整理的自然潜力为170 588.99 t;各乡镇限制性修正系数介于0.142 3～0.651 5之间;通过对自然潜力进行修正,肃宁县耕地整理的现实潜力为64 329.25 t,主要集中于梁村镇和万里镇。研究认为,应根据各区域现实潜力大小来安排土地整理,以便提高整理效率。 相似文献
9.
科学合理地测算汪清县农村居民点用地整治潜力,是为汪清县农村居民点用地整治工作的开展提供理论依据。以汪清县9个乡镇为评价单元,采用人均建设用地标准法测算汪清县农村居民点用地整治理论潜力,并选取整治意愿、整治能力和景观细碎化因素,构建腾退潜力综合修正指标体系,对理论潜力进行综合修正。然后综合考虑自然、区位和土地利用结构因素,构建综合评价指标体系进行适宜性评价,基于ArcGIS 10.2软件平台生成Voronoi图,测算汪清县各乡镇新增耕地潜力和新增耕地系数,最后以新增耕地潜力作为潜力分级标准,运用聚类分析法将整治潜力划分为4个级别。结果表明:（1）汪清县农村居民点用地Voronoi图的Cv值为134.82%,空间分布类型属于集群性;（2）汪清县农村居民点用地整治新增耕地潜力为265.06 hm2,新增耕地系数为6.33%;（3）各乡镇综合修正系数介于0.15~0.65之间,东光镇综合修正系数最高,为0.65,天桥岭镇最低,为0.15;（4）建议将Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级潜力区作为整治重点区域,实施重点挖潜,合理有序地推进汪清县农村居民点用地整治工作。 相似文献
10.
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献