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口蹄疫病毒利用自身蛋白逃逸宿主天然免疫应答的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
口蹄疫（foot-and-mouth disease,FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV）感染偶蹄兽所引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,FMDV有7个血清型,加之病毒传播迅速,严重影响畜牧业的发展。FMDV为小RNA病毒科、口蹄疫病毒属的唯一成员,其基因组编码4种结构蛋白和10种非结构蛋白。FMDV感染宿主后利用自身蛋白通过多种途径和方式来影响宿主天然免疫应答,从而有利于FMDV复制的微环境。这些策略包括FMDV参与细胞自噬、内质网应激和应激颗粒形成的细胞过程,破坏多种宿主蛋白的功能,如劫持、裂解宿主蛋白或干扰宿主蛋白的表达、去除宿主蛋白的泛素化以及抑制宿主蛋白的磷酸化。这些逃避天然免疫的策略也是目前研究的热点。基于现有的研究结果,作者总结了近几年FMDV蛋白在抑制宿主天然免疫方面的研究进展,以期为FMDV的研究与防控提供参考。 相似文献
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口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)3C蛋白酶是FMDV基因组编码中具有酶学活性的病毒产物之一,在FMDV编码蛋白的成熟和子代病毒在宿主细胞体内大量扩增中发挥着重要作用。3C蛋白酶能剪切多聚蛋白,降解特定的蛋白质,是宿主细胞中重要的毒力因子。3C蛋白酶能调控蛋白的转录和翻译,使宿主细胞内的干扰素等多种抗病毒基因低水平表达,使FMDV逃避宿主的天然免疫。论文主要综述了FMDV 3C蛋白酶的结构、生物学功能,并介绍了其在研制新型疫苗中的应用,以期为今后FMDV 3C蛋白酶的研究、新型疫苗的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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为开发猪O型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）病毒样颗粒（VLPs）基因工程亚单位疫苗,试验参考GenBank中登录的FMDV毒株基因序列（登录号：JN998085）,设计针对VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4 4个基因片段的特异性引物,以O型FMDV O/MYA98/XJ/2010毒株的cDNA序列为模板,对目的基因进行PCR扩增;将获得的VP3、VP1和VP4、VP2基因片段分别插入2个杆状病毒供体质粒（pFastBacDual）的p10和pH双元启动子中,构建pFBD-VP3-VP1和pFBD-VP4-VP2 2个重组转座质粒;将验证正确的2个重组转座质粒分别转化含有穿梭载体（Bacmid）的大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞,获得2个重组杆粒rBacmid-VP3-VP1和rBacmid-VP4-VP2,经验证正确后,对其进行扩增和提取,将其分别转染Sf9贴壁昆虫细胞,构建2个重组杆状病毒rvAc-VP3-VP1和rvAc-VP4-VP2;2个重组杆状病毒共同感染悬浮培养的Sf9昆虫细胞,利用杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞内对4个基因进行表达,目的蛋白通过间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）、SDS-PAGE、Western blotting及透射电镜（EM）进行检测。结果显示,本研究成功构建2株分别表达FMDV VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4 4个结构蛋白的重组杆状病毒;特异性抗体检测发现,4个蛋白VP1~VP4均成功表达,且具有良好的特异性反应;4个蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞内能够完成自我组装,形成与天然病毒结构相似的VLPs,直径大小在25~30 nm。本研究利用共感染表达方式在Sf9昆虫细胞内成功制备出FMDV病毒颗粒,为开发高效安全的FMDV基因工程亚单位疫苗开辟了一条新思路。 相似文献
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Jared R. Patch Pervaiz A. Dar Ryan Waters Felix N. Toka Jose Barrera Christopher Schutta Ganesh Kondabattula William T. Golde 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in innate antiviral immunity by directly lysing virus-infected cells and producing antiviral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We developed a system for characterizing the bovine NK response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which causes a disease of cloven-hoofed animals and remains a threat to livestock industries throughout the world. IL-2 stimulation of PBMC resulted in poor killing of human K562 cells, which are often used as NK target cells, while lysis of the bovine BL3.1 cell line was readily detected. Depletion of NKp46-expressing cells revealed that 80% of the killing induced by IL-2 could be attributed to NKp46+ cells. In order to characterize the response of NK cells against FMDV in vivo, we infected groups of cattle with three different strains of the virus (A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Manisa, O Hong Kong) and evaluated the cytolytic ability of NK cells through the course of infection. We consistently observed a transient increase in cytolysis, although there was variation in magnitude and kinetics. This increase in cytolysis remained when CD3+ cells were removed from the preparation of lymphocytes, indicating that cytolysis was independent of MHC-T cell receptor interaction or γδ T cell activation. In contrast, animals monitored following vaccination against FMDV did not exhibit any increase in NK killing. These data suggest that NK cells play a role in the host immune response of cattle against FMDV, and contrast with the suppression of NK activity previously observed in swine infected with FMDV. 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。口蹄疫病毒感染宿主引起一系列严重的炎症反应，而TLR3通路是介导细胞炎性反应的主要途径之一。为研究口蹄疫病毒蛋白对TLR3通路的影响，本研究首先用双荧光素酶报告系统筛选影响TLR3通路的FMDV蛋白；接着用Q-PCR试验验证筛出来的候选蛋白对TLR3通路下游基因表达水平的影响；并用免疫共沉淀试验验证与候选蛋白有相互作用的TLR3通路蛋白；最后用Western blot试验检测候选蛋白对TLR3通路下游分子磷酸化水平的影响。双荧光素酶报告系统结果显示，口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白促进TLR3通路介导的Ⅰ型干扰素的产生并呈剂量依赖性，Q-PCR试验表明，3D能够促进TLR3通路下游基因表达水平；免疫共沉淀试验表明，FMDV 3D与TLR3有相互作用；Western blot试验进一步显示，过表达3D能够促进TLR3下游分子的磷酸化水平。综上，口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白能促进TLR3介导的Ⅰ型干扰素的产生，从而调控天然免疫反应。 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)属于冠状病毒家族成员,是近年来引起新生仔猪水样腹泻致死的主要病原之一,给养殖业带来了巨大威胁.病毒感染后,宿主细胞通过模式识别受体(PRRs)识别病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),促进I型干扰素等细胞因子的产生,进而抑制病毒的增殖.近年来的研究表明,PEDV能够通过其编码蛋白对宿主的抗病毒天然... 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触传染性动物疫病.口蹄疫病毒有多种机制对抗宿主的先天性免疫应答,在这个过程中病毒的前导蛋白酶(Lpro)发挥了关键作用.Lpro可切断宿主细胞帽子依赖性的蛋白翻译,抑制干扰素蛋白的合成;Lpro通过破坏核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)的完整性或减少干扰素调节因子3/7(IRF3/7)的表达,从而抑制IFN mRNA的产生;Lpro还会参与维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)、TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)、TNF受体相关因子3(TRAF3)和TRAF6的去泛素化,从而影响Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路的活化. 相似文献
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E. N. Smitsaart M. Zanelli I. Rivera N. Fondevila D. Compaired E. Maradei T. Bianchi V. O''Donnell A. A. Schudel 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):283-296
The development of a liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA (LPBE) to measure antibodies (Ab) produced in cattle with the O, A and C foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) types of commercial vaccines used in Argentina is described. The test was specific: 99% of naïve cattle sera (n = 130) gave titres below log10 = 1.2, and none had a titre above log10 = 1.5. Comparative studies with serum neutralization test (SNT) using sera from cattle which received one or more vaccine doses is reported. The overall rank correlation coefficient (Spearman's , rs) between SNT and LPBE were highly significant (rs > 0.67, P < 0.0001) for all vaccine strains. LBPE Ab titres on sera collected 90 days post vaccination were compared with results of cattle protection tests by applying a logistic regression. The minimum Ab titres at which 85% and 75% of the cattle were protected for each FMDV type were determined in order to interpret field Ab data in terms of protection. Application of this method allows large scale serological examinations to monitor antibody levels in vaccinated animals as an indirect indicator of the FMD control program status in the field. Its use in the evaluation of commercial batches of FMD vaccine is discussed. 相似文献
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猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是一种新发现的猪肠道冠状病毒,能引起猪腹泻、呕吐、脱水甚至死亡,给养猪业带来巨大威胁。深入开展PDCoV的研究对该病的防控有重要意义。PDCoV基因组编码的4种结构蛋白、15个非结构蛋白和3个辅助蛋白在病毒复制、增殖及致病过程中发挥重要作用。PDCoV致病机理复杂,笔者从其侵入宿主细胞以颉颃干扰素反应、诱导细胞凋亡、调控细胞自噬、抑制细胞焦亡途径来逃避宿主免疫应答,以及其他影响PDCoV复制的分子机制方面对其致病机理进行总结。PDCoV呈全球性流行趋势,常用S、M和N基因作为核酸检测和抗体检测靶标进行诊断。目前,尚未开发出针对PDCoV的安全有效的商品化疫苗和治疗方法,随着生物技术的发展,在灭活病毒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、重组载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和乳酸菌载体口服疫苗上取得一定进展,且广谱抗病毒药物、抗病毒分子蛋白和新型抗病毒技术在PDCoV抗病毒研究中显示了良好的应用前景。因此,笔者总结PDCoV编码蛋白功能、致病机理、诊断方法及PDCoV的疫苗开发和抗病毒治疗,以期为后续科学研究和有效防治提供借鉴。 相似文献
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口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)是发生于偶蹄动物的一种急性高度传染性疫病,曾多次在世界范围内暴发流行。FMD致病原口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)于感染后利用多种策略操纵宿主免疫机制和逃避抗病毒反应,以利于其感染复制。现对最近几年来影响调控FMDV感染与复制的多种因素从不同角度进行总结分析,以期为后续研究提供参考。 相似文献
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旨在构建TPL2（MAP3K8/COT）基因敲除PK-15细胞系PK-15-TPL2-/-,评估该基因敲除前后对口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）和塞内卡病毒（SVA）复制的影响及产生影响的原因,为研究TPL2在病毒感染过程中的作用机制提供良好的生物材料,也为疫苗生产过程中进一步提升FMDV和SVA产量指明方向。筛选2条针对TPL2基因的单向导RNA（sg RNA）,合成sg RNA并将其插入到含有GFP标签的慢病毒表达载体,构建sg RNA/Cas9慢病毒表达质粒,包装慢病毒并感染PK-15细胞,通过流式细胞仪分选出已被转入sg RNA的单细胞。通过测序确认细胞系中TPL2的DNA序列,通过蛋白质印迹（Western blot）方法检测细胞系中TPL2表达情况。使用FMDV和SVA感染构建好的细胞系,利用IFA、RT-qPCR、Western blot和TCID50评估FMDV和SVA在PK-15-TPL2-/-细胞中的复制水平,在此基础上通过测定干扰素（IFN）和IFN刺激基因（ISG）的mRNA表达水平,研究了FMDV或SVA感染的PK-15-TPL2-/-细胞中干扰素途径的激活状态。TPL2基因敲除PK-15细胞系中TPL2基因发生了碱基插入突变和碱基缺失突变,构建的细胞系中均未检测到TPL2蛋白质表达。测定并比较了FMDV和SVA感染的PK-15和PK-15-TPL2-/-细胞中病毒含量,表明TPL2基因敲除显著促进了FMDV和SVA的复制。同时,RT-qPCR进一步表明与FMDV和SVA感染期间的PK-15细胞相比,PK-15-TPL2-/-细胞中IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、ISG15、ISG54和ISG56的mRNA表达明显降低。综上所述,本研究成功构建了TPL2基因敲除的PK-15细胞系,与对照细胞相比,TPL2基因的敲除更利于FMDV和SVA的复制,这可能与IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、ISG15、ISG54和ISG56表达的抑制有关。本研究提示CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可以作为在动物和疫苗开发过程中编辑细胞系以提高病毒产量的有效工具,本结果为进一步提升FMDV和SVA产量指明了方向,也为研究TPL2在病毒感染过程中的作用机制提供了良好的生物材料。 相似文献
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口蹄疫双佐剂灭活疫苗的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在口蹄疫二价灭活疫苗（O型、AsiaⅠ型）常规使用法国SEPPIC公司206佐剂的基础上,设计了一种缓释作用更强的双佐剂成分疫苗。通过MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖能力、液相阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫抗体效价及攻毒试验测定PD50来评判该双佐剂疫苗与常规疫苗的效果差异。结果显示,双佐剂疫苗组细胞免疫水平（淋巴细胞刺激指数SI为1.235±0.060）比常规佐剂疫苗组（SI为1.115±0.035）和对照组（SI为1.010±0.045）高,与常规疫苗组相比差异显著（P＜0.05）,与空白对照组相比,差异极显著（P＜0.01）。双佐剂疫苗组O型和AsiaⅠ型抗体与常规佐剂疫苗组相比,全剂量组抗原量较充分,两组抗体水平差距不大;1/3剂量组和1/9剂量组由于抗原量较少和强缓释作用,导致抗体水平明显较低。攻毒保护结果为双佐剂疫苗组略高于常规佐剂疫苗组,前者每头份疫苗AsiaⅠ型为9.0 PD50,O型为11.84 PD50,后者每头份疫苗AsiaⅠ型为9.0 PD50,O型为9.0 PD50。由分析结果可见,双佐剂疫苗可引起较好的细胞免疫应答和缓释作用,达到好的攻毒保护效果。 相似文献
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微生物耐药是威胁人类健康、动物保健和食品安全的重大问题。为减少耐药性及动物源食品的药物残留,迫切需要探索预防和治疗疾病的替代机制,其中之一便是激活先天免疫系统对病原体攻击产生强而持久的非特异性免疫应答,这一过程称为训练免疫,即先天免疫记忆。愈来愈多的研究表明,天然免疫细胞甚至组织驻留干细胞对某些感染和疫苗接种具有保护免受再感染的免疫记忆功能,即先天免疫系统也表现出适应性免疫特征。在兽医研究领域,通过改善先天免疫系统提高家禽抗病能力的概念并不新颖,但极少有可用的、有目的的针对训练免疫的应用研究。通过训练免疫途径增强动物免疫力是一个值得关注的崭新领域,将为设计新型广谱疫苗和寻找新的药物靶点开辟新的途径。笔者综述了训练免疫领域的最新进展,阐述了家禽训练免疫调控及未来研究方向。 相似文献
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Most isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) display a broad host range. Since the late 1990s, the genetic lineage of PanAsia topotype FMDV serotype O has caused epidemics in the Far East, Africa, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and numerous other countries throughout Europe and Asia. In contrast, there are several FMDV isolates that exhibit a more restricted host range. A Cathay topotype isolate of FMDV serotype O from the 1997 epizootic in Taiwan (O/TAW/97) demonstrated restricted host specificity, only infecting swine. Methods used to evaluate infectivity and pathogenicity of FMDV isolates in cattle are well-documented, but there has been less progress studying transmission and pathogenicity of FMDV isolates in pigs. In previous studies designed to examine pathogenicity, various chimeric viruses derived from O/TAW/97 were intradermally inoculated in the heel bulb of pigs. Subsequent quantitative scoring of disease and evaluation of virus released into nasal secretions and blood was assessed. Here we prove the usefulness of this method in direct and contact inoculated pigs to evaluate infectivity, pathogenicity and transmission of different Asian FMDV isolates. Virus strains within the Cathay topotype were highly virulent in swine producing a synchronous disease in inoculated animals and were efficiently spread to in-contact naive pigs, while virus strains from the PanAsia topotype displayed more heterogeneous properties. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: A series of challenge experiments were performed in order to investigate the acute phase responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle and possible implications for the development of persistently infected "carriers". The host response to infection was investigated through measurements of the concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP), as well as the bioactivity of type 1 interferon (IFN) in serum of infected animals. Results were based on measurements from a total of 36 infected animals of which 24 were kept for observational periods exceeding 28 days in order to determine the carrier-status of individual animals. The systemic host response to FMDV in infected animals was evaluated in comparison to similar measurements in sera from 6 mock-inoculated control animals.There was a significant increase in serum concentrations of both APPs and type 1 IFN in infected animals coinciding with the onset of viremia and clinical disease. The measured parameters declined to baseline levels within 21 days after inoculation, indicating that there was no systemically measurable inflammatory reaction related to the carrier state of FMD. There was a statistically significant difference in the HP response between carriers and non-carriers with a lower response in the animals that subsequently developed into FMDV carriers. It was concluded that the induction of SAA, HP and type 1 IFN in serum can be used as markers of acute infection by FMDV in cattle. 相似文献
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某奶牛场犊牛相继发生肺炎和关节炎,为确诊该牛场犊牛群发病的原因并提出防控方案,本试验剖检新生犊牛并采集病料,分别开展牛支原体及其他病原菌的分离培养、PCR鉴定及药敏分析;进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛口蹄疫病毒和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒PCR检测;制作犊牛肺脏组织病理切片并进行观察和评估。从犊牛肺脏组织分离到牛支原体和牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌;牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛口蹄疫病毒和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒检测均为阴性;肺脏组织病理切片可见肺泡结构破坏、出血及大量炎性细胞浸润;药敏试验结果显示,牛支原体和牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌分别对泰乐菌素和头孢唑啉敏感,但对青霉素、庆大霉素、林可霉素和氨苄西林均呈现耐药。该犊牛群确诊为牛支原体肺炎继发牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染,采用泰乐菌素联合头孢唑啉肌肉注射,配合对症治疗和规范管理,有效控制了该场犊牛疾病。 相似文献
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蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)的结构主要由3层衣壳蛋白组成,其中VP2、VP5蛋白构成了BTV的外层衣壳,VP7蛋白构成了BTV的中间衣壳,最内层衣壳则由VP3蛋白构成。VP2、VP5及VP7蛋白在BTV侵染宿主细胞的过程中起着非常重要的作用。为了研究BTV与宿主细胞相互作用的分子机制,本研究将BTV的VP 2、VP 5、VP 7基因分别克隆到pGBKT7载体中,成功构建了pGBKT7-VP2、pGBKT7-VP5与pGBKT7-VP73个诱饵质粒,且通过自激活和毒性验证,证明所构建的3个质粒均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为今后利用酵母双杂交筛选VP2、VP5、VP7蛋白中与宿主细胞相互作用的蛋白做好了铺垫,为深入研究BTV与宿主细胞的相互作用奠定了基础。 相似文献
20.
ZHANG Ji-kai SUN En-cheng YANG Tao XU Qing-yuan LV Shuang WANG Hai-xiu ZHANG Qin WU Dong-lai 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):39-44
The structure of bluetongue virus(BTV) was consisted of three layers of capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5 proteins consisted the outer capsid of BTV, VP7 protein consisted the middle capsid of BTV, VP3 consisted the inner capsid of BTV.When BTV infected host cells, VP2, VP5 and VP7 proteins of BTV played important roles in the process of infecting host cells.In order to study the molecular mechanism of interaction between BTV and host cells, we cloned VP 2, VP 5 and VP 7 genes into pGBKT7 vector, three recombinant bait plasmids pGBKT7-VP2, pGBKT7-VP5 and pGBKT7-VP7 were successfully constructed, and then the self-activation and toxicity of the bait plasmids were tested.The results showed that three bait plasmids all had no self-activation and toxicity to yeast cells.This research made a steppingstone for the screening of host-cell protein interacting with VP2, VP5 and VP7 proteins using yeast two-hybrid system, and laid a foundation for investigating the interaction between BTV and its host cells. 相似文献