牛源金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜与毒素基因检测及agr分型     

张行  李新圃  武小虎  丁学智  严作廷  王胜义  李宏胜 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(11):2903-2910

旨在对牛源金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus，S.aureus）的生物被膜、耐药性、毒素基因和agr基因型进行研究，并分析agr基因型与毒素基因之间的相关性。分别用微量滴定板法、药敏纸片法和PCR对S.aureus的生物被膜、耐药性和毒素基因进行检测，用多重PCR对S.aureus进行agr分型。结果表明，336株牛源S.aureus均能形成生物被膜，其中，形成中等（++）和强（+++）生物被膜的S.aureus分别占52.1%和47.9%。药敏试验结果显示，S.aureus对青霉素耐药最为严重，耐药率达91.7%，其次是红霉素、卡那霉素、克林霉素和庆大霉素，耐药率分别为89.6%、72.9%、66.7%和60.4%，而所有S.aureus对呋喃妥因和利奈唑胺均表现为敏感。PCR检测结果显示，黏附素基因fnbA检出率最高，达99.7%，其次是icaD、icaA、clfA和cna，检出率分别为98.2%、89.6%、86.0%和56.0%，bap基因检出率最低，为14.6%。肠毒素基因sea的检出率为26.5%，其次是seb（8.3%）和sec（6.8%），毒素基因tst的检出率占8.3%。分型结果显示，agr Ⅰ型S.aureus是主要的流行菌株，占77.1%，agr Ⅱ、agr Ⅲ和agr Ⅳ型S.aureus流行率分别为14.0%、4.8%和2.1%。统计分析结果表明，agr Ⅰ型S.aureus更具有携带多种毒素基因的潜力，而agr Ⅳ型S.aureus无毒素基因携带潜力。综上表明，牛乳腺炎性S.aureus对常见的抗菌药物耐药严重，毒素基因分布多样，agr Ⅰ型是奶牛乳腺炎性S.aureus主要的基因型，且具有携带多种毒素基因的能力，其潜在威胁应引起重视。  相似文献   

牦牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌及耐药和毒力基因分布情况     

王斐  王彩莲  宋淑珍  郎侠 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(1):229-239

为探明牦牛隐性乳房炎（SCM）主要病原菌及其耐药和毒力基因的分布情况，本研究自甘肃省甘南州夏季牧场收集无乳房炎临床症状牦牛乳样，通过兰州乳房炎试验（LMT）筛选SCM乳样，从中分离病原菌并纯化培养，利用16S rDNA鉴定主要病原菌，通过纸片扩散法判定其药物敏感性，并采用PCR方法对相关耐药及毒力基因进行检测。结果显示，共筛选出牦牛SCM乳样324份，检出率14.43%；主要病原菌为葡萄球菌属、埃希氏菌属和肠球菌属，其中葡萄球菌分离株对青霉素和四环素耐药率最高，分别为59.57%和47.52%；大肠埃希氏菌分离株对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高，分别为43.40%和20.75%；粪肠球菌分离株对四环素和红霉素耐药率最高，分别为25.00%和16.67%；59株耐青霉素金黄色葡萄球菌中共检出MRSA 12株，其中7株携带mecA基因，5株含mecC基因；四环素外排泵基因tetK、tetA携带率最高（85.45%、56.36%），核糖体保护基因tetM携带率最低（34.55%）；毒力基因中，clfA、clfB、fib、coa基因检出率较高（87.64%、84.27%、83.15%、82.02%）。研究表明，牦牛SCM的主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌，均对青霉素类和四环素类抗生素耐药性较高，其中金黄色葡萄球菌的主要毒力因子为黏附因子和凝固酶。  相似文献   

金黄色葡萄球菌在生物被膜态与浮游态的转录组差异表达分析     

毛彦妮  常佳伟  李娜  王鑫  康馨匀  马强  马靓  王桂琴 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(8):2697-2707

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛细菌性乳腺炎的主要原因，生物被膜的形成是金黄色葡萄球菌在不利环境条件下持久性存在的关键因素。探索同一株菌在生物被膜态与浮游态生长状态下的耐药性与其生长状态的相关性，可为进一步探究金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性机制奠定基础。本研究培养了金黄色葡萄球菌的生物被膜，使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察其形成过程。测定并比较了9种抗菌药物对32株金黄色葡萄球菌在生物被膜态和浮游态的最小抑菌浓度，并对两种状态下的金黄色葡萄球菌进行转录组学测序，筛选出具有显著性差异的细胞信号通路和表达基因，同时对主要差异表达的基因进行RT-qPCR验证。结果发现，在生物被膜形成前期，随着培养时间的延长，显微镜下观察到的生物被膜态菌聚集面积越来越大，结构也越来越紧密，培养至72 h后，生物被膜逐渐开始分散。MIC测定结果显示浮游态菌的抑菌浓度低于生物被膜态菌。转录组结果显示两种状态菌的差异表达基因共1 512个，其中，生物被膜态菌中上调基因760个，下调752个。GO与KEGG富集分析显示，相比于浮游态菌，生物被膜态菌中与代谢相关的通路显著富集，其次为氨基酸的生物合成和ABC转运蛋白通路。与生物被膜形成相关的基因，如编码ABC转运蛋白的基因表达上调，而与代谢途径相关的基因下调。RT-qPCR验证了10个主要差异基因，其表达差异趋势与转录组测序结果一致。这些差异可能对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜态的高耐药性和细菌毒力的研究有所帮助。  相似文献   

广西罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分离鉴定、毒力基因及耐药性研究     

郭长明  陈怀君  袁橙  罗福广  黄德生  贾国华  袁圣  朱善元 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(7):2607-2616

本研究旨在明确中国罗非鱼主养区广西各地罗非鱼无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）分离株的血清型分布、毒力基因携带情况和耐药情况,为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的防控奠定基础。2018-2019年从广西柳州、钦州、南宁、北海等地患无乳链球菌病罗非鱼体内分离了47株无乳链球菌,并对各分离株的血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药情况进行检测和分析。血清型检测结果表明,47株无乳链球菌血清型高度一致,均为Ⅰa血清型。对4种毒力基因检测结果表明,47株无乳链球菌临床分离株cylE、sodA、gapC毒力基因的检出率均为100%,而scpB基因仅在人源参考菌株2603V/R中检出,在所有鱼源分离株中未检出。对11类（31种）常见抗生素的药敏试验结果表明,临床分离株对磺胺异噁唑、新霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素的耐药率达到90%以上,对氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢克洛、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢拉定、土霉素、强力霉素的敏感性均为100%。多重耐药检测结果表明,5重以上耐药菌株占93.62%,其中9重以上耐药菌株为19.15%,且均分离自柳州地区。结果表明,广西地区罗非鱼源无乳链球菌血清型单一,均为Ⅰa血清型,且均携带多种毒力基因,多重耐药现象严重。  相似文献   

奶牛乳腺炎无乳链球菌毒力相关因子     

吴富鑫  熊本海  童津津  蒋林树 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(12):2954-2963

链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的3大病原菌，在链球菌属中无乳链球菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的重要病原菌之一，由无乳链球菌导致的乳腺炎约占隐性乳腺炎发病率的56.25%。无乳链球菌入侵奶牛乳腺的过程主要包括感染、黏附上皮细胞、侵入上皮细胞、损伤机体和免疫逃避等过程。无乳链球菌的毒力因子具有附着和侵袭机体细胞的作用，使菌体在奶牛乳腺表面形成生物被膜，进而干扰机体的正常免疫功能并引起疾病。本文主要阐述了无乳链球菌在入侵乳腺组织过程中发挥主要作用的毒力因子的种类、作用机制以及调控过程，旨在通过抑制其相关毒力因子的活性，从而阻断无乳链球菌在乳腺中感染和传播，进而为预防和治疗链球菌型乳腺炎提供新的思路。  相似文献   

Advances on Virulence Factors of Streptococcus agalactiae of Dairy Cows Mastitis     

WU Fuxin  XIONG Benhai  TONG Jinjin  JIANG Linshu 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(12):2954-2963

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli are the three major pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cows, and Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) in Streptoco-ccus is one of the important pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cows, which accounts for around 56.25% of the incidence of sub-clinic mastitis. The process of S.agalactiae invasion mammary glands of dairy cows mainly includes:infection, adhesion, invasion, and then damage the mammary tissue and entail the inflammation. The virulence factor of S. agalactiae has the function of attaching and invading the mammary gland epithelial cells so that the bacteria could form the biofilm on the surface. After infection, the irritation of the mammary tissues by infectious processes serves to the immune response. In this paper, we summarized the types, mechanism, and regulation process of S. agalactiae virulence factors which plays a major role in the invasion of mastitis, aimed to show the activity of S. agalactiae by inhibiting the activity of its related virulence factors in preventing dairy cow mastitis and provide new ideas for the treatment.  相似文献   

牦牛源志贺菌分离鉴定、毒力基因检测与分型     

张立伟  张逸博  郝贺  汪文雅  时欣欣  韩旺  仝星  张永英  石玉祥  朱阵 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(5):1091-1100

本试验旨在阐明牦牛源志贺菌致病性及分子流行特性,为探索志贺菌流行途径,制定合理的防控策略提供新思路。2017年在甘肃、青海、西藏三省(区)共采集牦牛肛门棉拭子样品1 396份,通过选择培养基筛选、生化鉴定、血清凝集试验对分离菌株进行系统鉴定,应用PCR方法检测分离株中ipaH、ipaBCD、ial、sen、set1A、set1B和stx七种毒力基因流行情况。参照McMLST网站数据库提供的15对管家基因序列进行MLST分型;并参考美国CDC的PulseNet实验方法,用限制性内切酶NotⅠ和XbaⅠ分别对福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌染色体进行酶切,对这些分离菌株进行PFGE分析。结果显示,41株分离株符合志贺菌生化特征,分为4个生化表型,B3(36.59%)和B4(32.35%)为主要生化表型。血清凝集试验鉴定23株为福氏志贺菌,包括四个血清型1a(n=2)、2a(n=16)、2b(n=3)、Xv(n=2);18株为宋内志贺菌,分为Ⅰ相(n=12)和Ⅱ相(n=6)。共检测到6种毒力基因ipaH、ipaBCD、ial、sen、set1A、set1B,携带率分别为100%、92.68%、73.17%、70.73%、26.83%、26.83%。具有7种毒力基因型,其中VT5和VT7型为主要流行型,分别占43.9%和24.39%,同时携带两种及以上毒力基因的志贺菌占92.68%。41株志贺菌共分为10个ST型,其中ST100、ST116、ST155型为主要流行型。NotⅠ酶切的福氏志贺菌分为13个PT型,而XbaⅠ酶切的宋内志贺菌分为14个PT型。综上所述,牦牛源志贺菌生化表型、血清型、ST型和PT既存在多态性,又有优势流行型。本试验分离的志贺菌与人源志贺菌携带相同的毒力基因,其中ipaH、ipaBCD、ial、sen基因携带率较高,对公共安全具有潜在的威胁。  相似文献   

金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁变化与β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的关系     

马强  王艺晖  常佳伟  万佳宏  魏彦琴  王桂琴 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(3):602-611

旨在揭示金黄色葡萄球菌针对β-内酰胺类抗生素可能存在细胞壁增厚的耐药机制。2016-2018年间，采集宁夏地区部分奶牛养殖场临床及亚临床型乳腺炎的乳样，通过显色培养基鉴别、镜检及PCR方法，分离鉴定牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌；利用微量肉汤稀释法测定细菌对14种抗菌药物的耐药性，了解本地区金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药率及多重耐药情况；通过qRT-PCR方法检测细胞壁增厚相关的pbpB、murG、glmU、atlR基因转录丰度，并结合透射电镜进行形态观察，以确定增厚及发生原因。结果显示，分离鉴定出261株牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌，其中包括9株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus，MRSA）。药敏试验结果显示，金黄色葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素具有较高的耐药率，其中氨苄西林为79.69%，青霉素为78.54%。多重耐药情况是以3、7和8重耐药的菌株居多；其中1株耐药种数达14种之多。qRT-PCR结果表明，4种相关基因的转录丰度均极显著上调（P<0.001或P<0.01）。透射电镜观察发现，甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus，MSSA）JY21菌株的细胞壁在64和128 μg·mL^-1的青霉素浓度下，较对照组均极显著增厚（P<0.001），并可见细胞壁表面粗糙，有结节状凸起；但药物浓度从64 μg·mL^-1升高至128 μg·mL^-1细胞壁不再显著增厚（P>0.05）。MRSA WLD10菌株细胞壁未出现明显增厚（P>0.05）。综上所述，本地区牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌针对β-内酰胺类抗生素，存在细胞壁增厚的耐药机制；增厚的原因主要是肽聚糖的过度合成及细胞自溶的减少。与MSSA JY21菌株相比，细胞壁增厚并非MRSA WLD10重要的耐药机制。  相似文献   

福建省漳州市罗非鱼无乳链球菌分离鉴定及毒力基因和耐药性研究     

袁橙  陈怀君  袁圣  温华茂  陈智怡  董洪燕  封琦  郭长明 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(9):3655-3664

【目的】 明确福建漳州地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌临床分离株的血清型、毒力基因携带情况与耐药特性,为鱼源无乳链球菌研究提供新的数据。【方法】 于福建省漳州市部分罗非鱼养殖场采集疑似无乳链球菌感染的病鱼样品,通过分离培养、形态观察及生化试验初步分离鉴定病原菌。经由16S rDNA特异性片段引物、16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR鉴定及测序比对鉴定分离株。用PCR方法检测分离株血清型及4个主要毒力基因（cylE、sodA、gapC和scpB基因）分布情况。通过纸片扩散法对分离菌株进行11大类共29种抗菌药物的药敏试验,并进行多重耐药分析。【结果】 分离株菌落呈白色圆形、边缘整齐、表面光滑湿润,呈β溶血;革兰染色阳性,菌体排列为长短不一的链状,单个或成对存在;VP试验、CAMP均为阳性,触酶试验阴性,能发酵海藻糖,均符合无乳链球菌的典型特征,经鉴定共分离获得14株鱼源无乳链球菌。14株分离菌株的血清型均为Ⅰa型。分离株毒力基因cylE、sodA、gapC的检出率均为100%,而毒力基因scpB均未检出。分离菌株对磺胺异噁唑、庆大霉素、卡那霉素耐药率均为100%,对链霉素、新霉素、甲氧胺嘧啶耐药率均>70%。分离株均为多重耐药菌株,6重及以上耐药的菌株占总分离菌株数的78.57%。【结论】 本研究明确了当前福建漳州地区罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的血清型、毒力基因和耐药特性,为进一步研究鱼源无乳链球菌的致病机理和临床有效防控措施提供参考。  相似文献   

畜禽粪污中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的LAMP检测及其耐药性分析     

范丽霞  苑学霞  李鸳鸯  邬元娟  赵善仓  张丙春  王文博 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(7):2325-2335

为深入了解畜禽粪污中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的流行及耐药状况,采用建立的畜禽粪便中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）检测方法对山东省内牛粪污、猪粪、鸡粪、鸭粪中的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌进行检测,进而对检测阳性样品进行分离,并对药敏试验中多重耐药性菌株进行耐药基因预测。结果表明,LAMP方法检测畜禽粪污中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌与国家标准方法检测结果符合率为100%,重复性好,特异性高。从80份畜禽粪污样品中分离到的3株金黄色葡萄球菌均对青霉素耐药;34株大肠埃希氏菌对氟苯尼考、利福平的耐药比例高于50%,高于25%以上的还有氨苄西林、四环素、多西环素、磺胺异噁唑、头孢噻吩和头孢噻呋;耐药基因预测结果显示,鸡粪、鸭粪、牛粪和猪粪中的4株大肠埃希氏菌分别携带10、8、20和15种耐药基因;鸡粪中的1株金黄色葡萄球菌携带11种耐药基因。说明山东地区畜禽粪污中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌耐药状况严峻,菌株普遍多重耐药,且携带多种耐药基因。  相似文献   

Enhanced killing of penicillin-treated S. aureus by host defences: Effects of amoxycillin, cloxacillin and nafcillin in vitro and in experimental mastitis     

N Craven  M.R Williams  J.C Anderson 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1982,5(4):447-456

The effects of pretreatment of Staphylococcus aureus with subMIC or 10 × MIC amoxycillin, cloxacillin and nafcillin on subsequent killing by bovine neutrophils or sensitivity to lysostaphin were examined in vitro, using penicillinase positive and negative strains. All penicillins increased the susceptibility of S. aureus to bovine neutrophils; with amoxycillin this was most marked with the penicillinase negative strain. Cloxacillin pretreatment was significantly more effective than nafcillin or amoxycillin in some tests and equally effective in others. The sensitivity of S. aureus to lysostaphin was increased following cloxacillin or nafcillin exposure. In a mouse model of mastitis, more cloxacillin and nafcillin-treated S. aureus (at 1/4 MIC) were killed than untreated bacteria 1 hr after infection but by 4 hr no differences were found. No differences were seen after intramammary infection with 10 × MIC penicillin-treated S. aureus. In glands with established chronic mastitis both cloxacillin and nafcillin at high doses failed to kill staphylococci. These findings indicate that prior exposure to penicillins increases staphylococcal susceptibility to killing by neutrophils but following phagocytosis, intracellular bacteria are protected from the lethal action of penicillins.  相似文献   

奶牛乳腺炎模型的建立及炎症相关因子基因mRNA转录水平的分析     

罗仍卓么  王晋鹏  焦鹏  李彦霞  董益闻  魏大为  王兴平 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(8):2763-2772

旨在探讨金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）型和大肠杆菌（E.coli）型乳腺炎奶牛乳腺组织的炎症相关因子基因的mRNA转录水平。将10⁵ CFU·mL^-1的S.aureus和E.coli经乳导管分别注入奶牛乳房,在感染第7天采用活体无菌手术法采集乳腺组织,并采用组织HE染色和免疫荧光法进行乳腺炎模型的鉴定;利用qPCR分别检测了2个诱导组和对照组奶牛乳腺组织的趋化因子家族（CCL2、CCL8、CXCR1、CXCL2和CXCL13）、补体因子（CFI和CFB）、自噬调节因子DEPP1和白细胞介素受体IL21R共9个基因的mRNA转录水平。结果显示：与对照组相比,TLR4/NF-κB炎症相关信号通路中的关键分子（TLR4、NF-κB和TNFα）在2个诱导组乳腺组织中的蛋白表达水平均极显著上调（P<0.01）;结合HE染色结果,表明本试验成功构建了2种类型的奶牛乳腺炎活体模型。mRNA转录水平的检测结果表明,与对照组相比,7个基因（CCL2、CCL8、CXCR1、CXCL2、CFI、CFB和IL21R）在2个诱导组乳腺组织中的mRNA转录水平均极显著上调（P<0.001）,CXCL13的mRNA转录水平仅在S.aurues诱导组乳腺组织中极显著上调（P<0.01）;DEPP1的mRNA转录水平在2个诱导组中均极显著下调（P<0.01）。此外,CCL2、CCL8、CXCR1、CFI和IL21R共5个基因在E.coli诱导组中的mRNA转录水平均极显著高于S.aureus组（P<0.01）。S.aureus和E.coli感染均可导致奶牛产生严重的临床乳腺炎症状,并促使上述炎症相关基因的mRNA转录水平在乳腺组织中发生变化,以应对乳腺炎症的发生与发展过程;趋化因子CCL2等5个基因在E.coli诱导组中的mRNA转录水平显著高于S.aureus诱导组,解释了E.coli常常能引起急性乳腺炎,而S.aureus可引起慢性乳腺炎的原因。上述结果可为深入研究不同类型乳腺炎的分子调控机制提供参考。  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic traits of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses     

Nitzsche S  Zweifel C  Stephan R 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):292-299

A total of 142 S. aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses from abattoirs A (n = 98) and B (n = 44) were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic traits. Phenotypically, 96% showed yellow-pigmented colonies, 63% β/δ hemolysis, 85% were egg yolk-positive and 99% were positive for clumping factor/protein A. Only 25% of the strains were resistant to the antimicrobials tested (abattoir A: 19%; abattoir B: 39%), especially to penicillin and ampicillin. None of the strains harbored the mecA gene, which is conserved in methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The biofilm associated genes icaA, icaD and bap were present in 100%, 100% and 0% of the strains. Genes for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) were detected in 51% (abattoir A) and 14% of the strains (abattoir B). Among strains harboring SE genes (n = 56), 63%, 31%, 4% and 2% tested positive for seg/sei, seg, sei and sec, respectively. The amplification of the 3′ end of the coagulase gene (coa) yielded amplicons of 400, 436, 602, 682 or 776 bp. Coa restriction profile (CRP) analysis using HaeIII resulted in seven patterns (a–d, e1–e3). CRP (c) was detected most frequently at both abattoirs, whereas CRP (a) was restricted to abattoir A and CRP (e3) to abattoir B. In the slaughter process (abattoir B), (i) two CRPs (b and d) were only found before dehairing/singeing, and (ii) four CRPs (c, e1–e3) were identified throughout the process. The genotyping revealed a remarkable homogeneity in S. aureus strains from the two different abattoirs and the slaughter process stages. These results may be explained by the distribution of a limited number of S. aureus genotypes in the pig population. Moreover, as the predominant CRPs (c, e1–e3) persisted throughout the slaughter process in abattoir B, it may be hypothesized that these types are characterized by colonization advantages.  相似文献   

Transduction of bla(CMY-2), tet(A), and tet(B) from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium     

Zhang Y  LeJeune JT 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,129(3-4):418-425

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., especially resistance mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), is a growing public health concern. Understanding the mechanisms through which Salmomella spp. acquire the resistance genes can lead to the development of intervention and mitigation strategies. Thirty-one Salmonella isolates of bovine origin were analyzed by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phage induction and bacterial host range determination, and phage transduction of antimicrobial resistance. The Salmonella isolates consisted of 12 serovars. Resistance to 1 or more antibiotics was detected in 12 isolates. Inducible phages were recovered from 19 Salmonella (61%) by spot lysis assay. Of the 19 phage samples, 13 were able to multiply in 2 or more Salmonella of various serovars. A cross-serovar transduction of antimicrobial resistance was observed from S. Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium. Transfection of an antimicrobial-susceptible strain of S. Typhimurium with a phage propagated in a S. Heidelberg resistant to multiple β-lactam antibiotics and tetracycline resulted in independent acquisition of bla_CMY-2, tet(A), and tet(B). These data indicate that inducible phages are common in Salmonella of bovine origin, many of them demonstrate a broad host range, and wild-type phage mediated transduction may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, including the resistance mediated by ESBL.  相似文献   

抗菌肽NZ2114对来源于奶牛乳房炎的无乳链球菌及其生物膜的消杀作用     

单玉雪  杨娜  滕达  王秀敏  毛若雨  郝娅  马炫炫  范寰  王建华 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(7):2284-2294

为探究抗菌肽NZ2114对无乳链球菌的体外抑制效果和相关机制,本试验以无乳链球菌ATCC 13813为研究对象,通过最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）、杀菌动力学、抗生素后效应和电镜学试验对抗菌肽NZ2114杀菌特性和杀菌机制进行评价,并进一步分析其对无乳链球菌生物膜和持留菌的抑制和消除作用。结果显示,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813的MIC为0.23 μmol/L,对3株奶牛乳腺炎临床分离菌株CAU-FRI 1、2和3的MIC均为0.11 μmol/L,万古霉素对以上4株受试菌株的MIC值均为0.67 μmol/L,因此NZ2114的抗菌活性是万古霉素的2.91和6.09倍。同时,2×MIC、4×MIC浓度的NZ2114可在0.5 h内杀灭99.9%细菌,且持续药效作用可达270 min。扫描电镜结果显示,NZ2114处理后,细菌表面出现皱缩甚至破裂,细菌产生的生物膜消除。NZ2114在2×MIC下,24 h对早期生物膜抑制率为99.9%;在32×MIC下,24 h对成熟生物膜消除率达99.9%。此外,NZ2114在16×MIC时,对生物膜内的菌体具有99.9%以上的杀灭效果;万古霉素无法清除的持留菌经0.5×MIC的NZ2114处理后,也可以达到99%以上的消除率。激光共聚焦结果显示,NZ2114处理后的生物膜厚度从28.48 μm减少到10.32 μm,证明了其强效杀菌和抑制生物膜的作用。上述结果表明,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813杀菌活性高、速度快、抑制/去除生物膜能力强,并对膜内菌及持留菌具有高效杀菌作用,且作用显著高于万古霉素。因此,NZ2114具有开发成为治疗由无乳链球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎新型制剂的潜力。  相似文献   

Investigation of biofilm production and icaA and icaD genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from heifers and cows with mastitis          下载免费PDF全文

Lívia Castelani  Lucas Eduardo Pilon  Thamires Martins  Claudia Rodrigues Pozzi  Juliana Rodrigues Pozzi Arcaro 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):340-344

Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus are important virulence factors in cases of mastitis in dairy cows. However, few studies have investigated mastitis strains isolated from heifers. Within this context, the objective of the present study was to investigate biofilm formation on Congo red agar, the presence of the icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the percentage of in vitro antimicrobial resistance of 110 S. aureus isolates from mammary gland secretions of heifers and cows with mastitis. PCR detected the icaA and icaD genes in 98% and 100% of isolates, respectively. However, only 55.5% of all isolates produced a biofilm on Congo red agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 47.0% of isolates from heifers and 70.4% of isolates from cows were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance to penicillin and/or ampicillin was the most frequent (44.5%). These results indicate the need to implement prophylactic and control measures of mastitis for heifers. Heifers and cows can carry resistant strains with the capacity of biofilm production, a fact representing a threat to public health and animal well‐being and generating losses to dairy farmers.  相似文献   

Leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM are associated with taphylococcus aureus clonal complexes 151, 479 and 133 isolated from bovine udder infections in Thuringia, Germany     

Schlotter K  Ehricht R  Hotzel H  Monecke S  Pfeffer M  Donat K 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):42

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causal agents of bovine mastitis. Population studies on bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates have identified considerable genetic heterogeneity among strains causing mastitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of different clonal complexes and the occurrence of virulence factors and resistance determinants within bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates.A total of 189 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from milk samples of 34 dairy herds in the German Federal State of Thuringia were characterised by microarray technology.The isolates were assigned to eleven different clonal complexes with CC151, CC479 and CC133 being dominant (together 80.5%). The methicillin resistance gene mecA was found in four isolates (2.1%), which belonged to CC398. Enterotoxin genes could be detected in 79.3% of analysed Staphylococcus aureus and 19 isolates (10.1%) harboured a distinct allele of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene, tst-RF122. The most striking finding of the present study was that almost all except one isolate (151/152) belonging to CC151, CC479 and CC133 harboured the leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM, whereas no further isolates from other lineages possessed these genes.The consistent occurrence of lukF-P83/lukM in the dominating clonal complexes suggests an essential role of this leukocidin in the etiology of bovine mastitis.  相似文献   

抗菌肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌的杀菌作用研究     

张清娟  马炫炫  滕达  杨娜  王秀敏  毛若雨  郝娅  单玉雪  刘鹤  范寰  王建华 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(8):2603-2614

为探究真菌防御素Plectasin衍生肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌的体外杀菌效果及其作用机制,本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法检测停乳链球菌CVCC 3938耐药性,通过NZ2114对停乳链球菌CVCC 3938最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）及在胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤（tryptic soy broth,TSB）培养基和全脂灭菌（ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization,UHT）牛奶中的杀菌动力学曲线的测定评价其抗菌特性;借助扫描电镜、透射电镜和流式细胞仪观察NZ2114作用下的细菌形态变化;使用凝胶阻滞、荧光光谱和圆二色谱进一步分析NZ2114对细菌基因组DNA的作用。结果显示,停乳链球菌对氧氟沙星和四环素均产生耐药性,临床分离菌株则呈现多重耐药性,NZ2114对受试停乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为0.11~0.45 μmol/L。抗菌肽在TSB培养基和全脂灭菌牛奶中均具有抑菌活性,且在短时间内（0.5~3 h）可使停乳链球菌菌落数下降3个数量级。扫描电镜、透射电镜和流式细胞仪结果表明,抗菌肽NZ2114能够破坏停乳链球菌细胞膜,导致其内容物泄漏。凝胶阻滞、荧光光谱和圆二色谱证实抗菌肽穿过细胞膜后与细菌基因组结合,破坏了DNA,以此达到杀菌目的。上述结果表明,抗菌肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌杀菌活性强,其破坏菌体细胞膜后可直接作用于胞内的基因组DNA并改变其二级结构。由此可见,抗菌肽NZ2114是一种极具前景的治疗停乳链球菌引起乳腺炎的抗生素替代品。  相似文献   

Is the biofilm formation and slime producing ability of coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with the persistence and severity of intramammary infection?     

Simojoki H  Hyvönen P  Plumed Ferrer C  Taponen S  Pyörälä S 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):344-352

Biofilm and slime formation assists bacteria in avoiding the host immune defence and antimicrobial therapy. It is suspected to affect the severity or persistence of mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), which are a common cause of bovine mastitis. The phenotypic biofilm formation ability of 244 CNS isolates (199 isolates from bovine mastitis and 52 type and reference strains) was investigated with a tissue culture plate (TCP) assay and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Slime production of the strains was assessed using Congo red agar (CRA) plates. Additionally, genes encoding the adhesion proteins MSCRAMM (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) and biofilm-associated proteins (bap) were detected. The severity of intramammary infection (IMI) in mastitis from which the isolates originated was measured with milk N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity. One-third of isolates from mastitis produced biofilm when analysed with TCP or FISH. The kappa test value, measuring the agreement between two tests, differed between CNS species. Slime production was less frequent for isolates of the common mastitis species Staphylococcus chromogenes (0.2% of isolates produced slime) and Staphylococcus simulans (3.5%) compared to Staphylococcus epidermidis (40%). No association was found between the phenotypic ability to form biofilm and the persistence of IMI or severity of mastitis. Slime production was rare in isolates originating from IMI. Only 12.7% of isolates from persistent IMI and 1.8% of isolates from spontaneously eliminated IMI produced slime. The eno gene encoding laminin-binding protein was most frequently detected among the isolates from mastitis, 75% of them having this gene. Only a few other MSCRAMM genes were detected.  相似文献   

Application of the California mastitis test in intramammary Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kenya     

Younan M  Ali Z  Bornstein S  Müller W 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2001,51(3-4):307-316

A study was conducted on 207 lactating camels in six herds in Kenya to evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) for the detection of intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the prevalence of both the pathogens in the camel udder. IMI with S. agalactiae was found in 12% of all camels sampled. IMI with S. aureus was present in 11% of all camels sampled. The herd-level prevalence of IMI varied between 0 and 50% for S. agalactiae and between 0 and 13% for S. aureus. Longitudinal observations over 10–12 months confirmed persistent infections for both pathogens. Observations in one herd suggested that camel pox was a contributing factor in spreading and exacerbating S. agalactiae udder infections.

The CMT had quarter-level sensitivities of 77 and 68% for S. agalactiae and S. aureus in camels, respectively. The CMT specificities were 91% for both the pathogens.  相似文献