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1.
奶牛乳房炎链球菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
奶牛乳房炎作为奶牛生产中最为常见、危害最大、经济损失最严重的一种疾病,给奶牛业造成了巨大的损失.对多种痛原菌引起的乳房炎的免疫效果不理想,抗生素仍是治疗奶牛乳房炎的首选药物.为此笔者利用实验室手段,对奶牛乳房炎病原菌进行分离与鉴定.通过对送检的乳样选择和接种适宜培养基分离细菌,进行药敏试验和菌种鉴定,以确定病原菌感染,达到对症治疗的目的. 相似文献
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乳牛舍内环境空气中细菌数量与乳房炎的关系研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用自然沉降法对规模化泌乳奶牛舍内消毒前后空气细菌含量进行检测,同时对泌乳牛群进行乳房炎调查,对乳房炎奶牛乳汁中病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,不同的牛舍不同的培养基其结果均不相同,NA培养基菌落数最高达77.8×103cfu/m3,S.S培养基在多个分布点无细菌生长。牛舍经过消毒后环境空气中的细菌总数大幅度减少,运动场空气细菌总数明显低于舍内。奶牛乳房炎的发生率与牛舍环境空气中的细菌总数呈正相关,细菌总数多的牛舍奶牛乳房炎的发病率也高。环境空气中和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中同时分离到金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等。 相似文献
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本试验采用自然沉降法对规模化奶牛场泌乳奶牛舍进行空气细菌含量检测,同时对空气中细菌和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中细菌进行分离鉴定。结果表明,不同牧场不同培养基的细菌菌落总数均不同,在NA培养基上,细菌菌落总数B场10.97×10~3 cfu/m~3C场10.17×10~3 efu/m~3A场8.78×10~3 cfu/m~3;运动场细菌菌落总数少于牛舍内。3个牧场奶牛乳房炎的发病率分别是B场32.14%C场的30.91%A场29.25%,空气中的细菌菌落总数与奶牛乳房炎的发病率呈正相关。从3个牧场牛舍空气样本中分离到221个菌株,有金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产气肠杆菌、沙门菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌和肺炎链球菌等主要病原菌。A、B牧场主要是葡萄球菌,占分离菌的75.34%和60.61%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌分别占45.21%和22.73%。C牧场牛舍空气中主要是肠杆菌,占分离菌的51.23%,其中大肠埃希菌占31.70%。3个牧场乳房炎奶牛乳汁中所检测到的主要病原菌分别是:A、B牧场主要是葡萄球菌,占分离菌的48%和57.96%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌分别占24%和23.8%;C牧场主要是肠杆菌,占分离菌的50%,其中大肠埃希菌占18.8%,沙门菌占9.09%。奶牛场空气中主要病原菌的种类和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中主要病原菌的种类基本一致。 相似文献
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为了解某奶牛养殖场奶牛临床乳房炎的致病菌及酸性电解水对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外杀菌效果,本试验采集该奶牛养殖场临床乳房炎患病奶牛乳样,对乳样中的病原菌进行分离后通过革兰氏染色和镜检、生化试验、16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定病原菌种类,并对分离菌株进行药敏试验和动物致病性试验,通过体外杀菌试验分析酸性电解水对分离菌株的杀菌效果。结果表明：分离菌株在Baird-Parker(BP)培养基上生长良好,培养24 h后可见菌落表面光滑,呈灰黑色,无透明圈。革兰氏染色、镜检可见分离菌株呈蓝紫色并排列成葡萄串状,将该分离菌株命名为QSPT2023。分离菌株QSPT2023与葡萄球菌属的生化特性基本一致;16S rDNA基因序列与GenBank收录的产色葡萄球菌OP068076.1的基因序列相似性最高,为99.93%;与产色葡萄球菌OP068076.1位于系统发育树的同一分支,亲缘关系最近;与产色葡萄球菌KJ783397.1、LC317309.1、ON715882.1的亲缘关系较近,与金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌等的亲缘关系较远;对氯霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛、头孢氨苄、头孢他啶、头孢唑啉... 相似文献
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为了解近年来河南省奶牛临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌种类及药物敏感性,从郑州、焦作等地奶牛场采集乳房炎奶样47份,采用微生物学方法、16S rRNA基因PCR扩增、序列分析比较等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,并用K-B纸片法对分离菌株中的26株致病菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,47份奶样中共分离出17种42株细菌,环境性病原菌32株,主要包括大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌、芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌等,检出率17.6%~20.6%。郑州2家奶牛场分离出的23株致病菌对16种药物均有不同程度的耐药,耐药率4.35%~56.52%。焦作1家奶牛场分离出的3株病原菌只对复方新诺明、氨苄西林、四环素、氯霉素耐药。部分菌株多重耐药严重,同时对3~11种药物耐药。结果说明分离的奶牛临床型乳房炎的病原菌种类很多,并且已经产生了严重的耐药性。 相似文献
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为了查明导致新疆某规模化奶驴场乳房炎的主要病原菌及其生物学特性,试验采用常规微生物学方法对病原菌进行分离,采用生化鉴定管和16S rRNA的PCR扩增方法对病原菌进行鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片法测定其耐药性,D600 nm值绘制细菌生长曲线,最后分析同源性并构建系统进化树。结果显示,分离株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,能在麦康凯培养基上长出粉红色菌落,在伊红－美兰培养基上长出有金属光泽的菌落;生化鉴定分离株的葡磷胨水、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、棉子糖、山梨醇、侧金盏花醇、木胶糖试验均呈阳性,而苯丙氨酸和硫化氢试验均为阴性;PCR扩增后测序得到205 bp的1号菌株和203 bp的2号菌株,其特性符合大肠杆菌的特性;药敏结果表明,分离株对链霉素和氯霉素高度敏感,对青霉素、阿莫西林和庆大霉素耐药;生长曲线表明,分离株在2~16 h时为高度繁殖期,16~32 h处于稳定期,32 h以后开始进入衰退期;1号菌株与2号菌株同源性高达99%,1号菌株与大肠杆菌11J和RCB800的同源性最高（100%）;2号菌株与大肠杆菌675SK2和DTU-1的同源性最高（100%）;由系统进化树分析可知,1号菌株与大肠杆菌11J和RCB800处于同一个小分支,2号菌株与大肠杆菌675SK2和DTU-1处于同一个小分支。因此,导致本次驴乳房炎的病原菌为大肠杆菌,本研究结果为进一步系统研究导致驴乳房炎大肠杆菌的致病机制提供参考。 相似文献
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为了初步分析河南省遂平县奶牛乳房炎致病菌种类与感染情况,采集全县部分乡镇患有奶牛乳房炎的乳汁样品73 份进行调查,分离并鉴定病原菌。结果表明,分离的96 株菌株中,金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、棒状杆菌和大肠杆菌的分离比例分别为38.54%、30.21%、17.71%和13.54%。对金黄色葡萄球菌和乳房链球菌分离菌株的药敏试验结果表明,2 种菌株对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星敏感,对青霉素和氨苄西林具有较强的耐药性,提示环丙沙星和恩诺沙星可作为该地区奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
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J. A. Wofford B. Zollers L. Rhodes M. Bell E. Heinen 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):324-333
Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study. 相似文献
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Activation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) leads to the formation of superoxide, which is in turn dismutated to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and is partly responsible for oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. However, no comparative information is available on the effect of SOD inhibition before PMN activation to allow simulation of the SOD defects that are known to occur in some ruminants. This paper attempts to examine the degranulative and phagocytic responses in buffalo, cattle and goat PMNs exposed to diethyldithiocarbamate, a known SOD inhibitor. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase was increased in the presence of SOD inhibitor. On activation, H2O2 production increased significantly (p<0.01), while SOD inhibition before the activation of PMNs caused a significant decline in the production of H2O2 (p<0.05) in all the species studied. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the phagocytosis of Candida albicans spores by buffalo PMNs activated with opsonized zymosan. Activation of bovine PMNs after exposure to the SOD inhibitor resulted in a significant decline (p<0.05) in phagocytic activity; in the other species, the two values only approached significance. Among the activators, opsonized zymosan caused a significant increase in phagocytic activity as compared to lipopolysaccharide, particularly in the PMNs of buffaloes (p<0.05). Increased fungicidal activity (p<0.05) occurred with opsonized zymosan-activated PMNs of all the species studied. The fungicidal activity was found to decline in PMNs exposed to SOD inhibitor before activation (p<0.05). Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of caprine PMNs was found to be lower than that of PMNs from cattle (p<0.05). 相似文献
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对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。 相似文献
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本文以千日红组培苗为试验材料,研究培养基中氮形态及含量对千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导的影响。结果表明,1)相对于铵态氮(NH4+),硝态氮(No3-)作为唯一氮源更有利于千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导,但千日红在NH4+和NO3-同时存在的培养基中表现最佳。2)在20 mmol/LNH4+(NO3-)和5 mg/L PP333存在的条件下,试管苗生长基本随着培养基中NO3-(NH4+)含量的增加而增加,并在含40 mmol/L NO3-+20 mmol/L NH4+(即MS培养基中氮含量)的培养基中株高达到最大值5.91 cm;而叶片数和开花率则随着培养基中NH4+和NO3-含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,并在20 mmol/L NO3-+5 mmol/LNH4+培养基中达到最大值,分别为10.7片/株和38.89%。3)氮含量及形态配比结果表明,千日红试管苗开花率在培养基中氮总量为5 mmol/L、NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值39.95%,而株高和叶片数在氮总量为35 mmol/L,NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值8.52 cm和13.38片/株。千日红试管苗开花率与培养基中NO3-/NH4+显著正相关,而与氮总量及株高之间显著负相关。此外,培养基中氮含量及形态配比还显著影响无菌苗根系生长。 相似文献
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of 13 C to 12 C or 15 N to 14 N on their relative incorporation into tissues. Eighty male rats were used in two 21-day feeding trials in which they were fed diets with either high δ13C levels (δ13C = −13.89‰ and δ15N = 2.37‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −19.34‰ and δ15N = 4.73‰ in experiment 2) or low δ13C levels (δ13C = −17.90‰ and δ15N = 3.08‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −21.76‰ and δ15N = 0.53‰ in experiment 2), meanwhile, the dietary δ15N levels were designed to two ranks. Blood, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were collected on day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for determination of 13 C, 12 C, 15 N and 14 N isotopes. Rat growth rate, antioxidant capacity and metabolic parameters were also assessed. The results indicate that adipose tissue tend to deplete 13 C before the stable isotopic ratios achieved final equilibrium. Therefore, feeds with different isotopic signatures had different incorporation rates into tissues. Low dietary 13 C levels decreased tissue δ13C values whereas high dietary 13 C levels did not alter tissue δ13C values during the 21-d experiment. Blood δ15N values were a reliable parameter in assessing the relative contribution of dietary nitrogen to tissues. This study revealed a relationship between dietary isotopic signatures and their incorporation rates into rat tissues. However, more studies are needed to illustrate the mechanism through which dietary isotopic ratios influence the extent of isotopic incorporation into the tissues. 相似文献
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Epizootic lymphangitis is prevalent in equines in Ethiopia, causing remarkable economic and welfare impacts but often neglected. Lack of effective treatment contributed to its continued occurrence, and hence, search for an effective treatment should be considered a priority area to minimize its impacts. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that Curcuma longa, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Datura stramonium were used to treat cutaneous fungal infections and reduce their incidence. The treatment effects of these plants against epizootic lymphangitis should be studied. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of the root of C. longa, berry of P. dodecandra, and leaf of D. stramonium were evaluated. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum was isolated from clinical cases of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses in central Ethiopia. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Serial twofold dilutions of the extract of berries of P. dodecandra and leaves of D. stramonium were done in sterile water, whereas dilution of the extract of roots of C. longa was done in dimethylsulphoxide. The effects of the plants on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum were assessed by agar dilution assay. Culture media with no antifungal agent and media containing ketoconazole served as negative and positive control, respectively. The methanol extract of C. longa showed inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract of P. dodecandra showed growth inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. That is, the growth inhibitory concentration of C. longa was 0.07 mg/mL, whereas that of P. dodecandra was 0.156 mg/mL. In contrast, D. stramonium showed no inhibitory effect. This preliminary observation showed that methanol extracts of C. longa and P. dodecandra showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum requiring further repeated in vitro evaluation so as to generate adequate evidence, which would justify in vivo trials. 相似文献
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Bernardo Baldisserotto Thaylise V. Parodi E Don Stevens 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):48-56
Objective
To test the postexposure analgesic efficacy of low doses of eugenol in zebrafish.Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
A total of 76 large adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).Methods
Fish swimming behavior (median velocity, freeze time, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction) was recorded in a 1.6 L video arena before and after exposure to eugenol (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg L?1). In a second experiment, fish were anesthetized with 2-phenoxy-ethanol and treated with an injection of 5% acetic acid (noxious stimulus), and then exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg L?1 eugenol. The fish swimming behavior was also recorded.Results
The higher doses (10 and 20 mg L?1) reduced the median velocity, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction, and increased the freeze time. Zebrafish behavior was not altered by eugenol (1, 2 and 5 mg L?1) after noxious stimulation.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The change in the behavior of zebrafish associated with a noxious stimulus can be monitored and is a good model for studying analgesia in fish. Eugenol (10 and 20 mg L?1) induced zebrafish sedation. The response after a noxious stimulus was not affected by postexposure to lower doses, and thus we cannot recommend its use as an analgesic. 相似文献18.
《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(2):163-173
An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the trial. On d 4, 9 and 14, 5 birds per cage (10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced (P < 0.05) as birds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum (P < 0.05) at around d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus (P < 0.05) than birds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased (P < 0.05) at 4 d of age, and this was associated with fused villus. Betaine inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) villus width, increased (P < 0.05) villus size and absorptive area, and reduced (P < 0.05) the number of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody Ki-67. Betaine inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption and consequently stimulating villus growth to improve absorption rates. 相似文献
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Xiudong Liao Guoqing Liu Guangming Sun Xiaoming Sun Tao Liu Lin Lu Liyang Zhang Minhong Zhang Yanli Guo Xugang Luo 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1133-1144
The current NRC dietary selenium (Se) requirement (0.15 mg/kg) of broilers is primarily based on growth performance data reported in 1986. Our study aimed to determine optimal dietary Se levels of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet for the full expression of selenoproteins in various tissues. A total of 384 one-d-old male broilers (n = 8 replicates/diet) were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of Na2SeO3 for 21 d. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the optimal dietary Se levels using broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas, iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) in the plasma, liver and pancreas, and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) in the liver and pancreas, the mRNA levels of Gpx1, Gpx4, Dio1, selenoprotein (Seleno) h, Selenop and Selenou in the liver, Gpx4, Dio1, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Selenoh, Selenop and Selenou in the kidney, and Gpx1, Gpx4, Selenoh and Selenou in the pancreas, and the protein levels of GPX4 in the liver and kidney of broilers were influenced (P < 0.05) by added Se levels, and increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increase of added Se levels. The estimates of optimal dietary Se levels were 0.07 to 0.36 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.09 to 0.46 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the pancreas. The results indicate that the optimal dietary Se levels would be 0.36 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.46 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the pancreas of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age. 相似文献
20.
探索滑鼠蛇肾脏的组织结构与特征,为其人工养殖和野生保护提供理论依据。试验通过常规大体解剖方法、组织石蜡制片技术和苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色技术,对滑鼠蛇肾脏的组织形态结构进行研究。结果表明:滑鼠蛇的肾脏由被膜与实质构成,被膜由内、外两层构成,实质包括大量的泌尿小管和少量的结缔组织。泌尿小管包括肾单位与集合小管,肾单位中的肾小体平均直径285.107μm,肾小囊内外层间距平均31.063μm;在肾小体周围的远端小管和近端小管分布紧密,近端小管的管壁厚平均16.275μm,远端小管的管壁厚平均15.245μm,集合小管的管壁厚平均26.937 6μm。滑鼠蛇的肾小体过滤功能较弱,肾小管浓缩尿液功能较强,排泄尿液量少,其肾组织形态学结构有明显的爬行类动物特征。 相似文献