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1.
应用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫荧光染色技术对成纤维生长因子4(FGF4)在牛早期胚胎发育各个阶段的表达和定位规律进行研究。结果表明,FGF4mRNA及蛋白在牛MⅡ期卵母细胞及各阶段早期胚胎均有表达,其表达量由强到弱依次为桑椹胚、囊胚、8-细胞胚、MⅡ期卵母细胞、4-细胞胚、2-细胞胚;从定位来看,FGF4在MⅡ期卵母细胞及8-细胞期前的各阶段早期胚胎的细胞质和细胞核中均有表达,而8-细胞期及之后的桑椹胚和囊胚期仅分布于细胞质。结果提示,FGF4在牛的早期胚胎发育过程中可能发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨卵母细胞成熟及早期胚胎发育过程中组蛋白乙酰基转移酶(HAT1)的表达规律,研究应用实时定量PCR技术,检测了广西本地黄牛卵母细胞和附植前胚胎HAT1基因的表达情况。结果表明:HAT1基因在黄牛生发泡期(GV)卵母细胞、第2次减数分裂中期(MⅡ)卵母细胞、体外受精(IVF)胚胎2～4细胞、8～16细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚中的相对表达量分别为1.00、0.56、0.08、0.55、0.43和0.31,在孤雌激活(PA)胚胎的2～4细胞、8～16细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚中的相对表达量分别为0.55、0.55、0.48和0.46。HAT1在GV期相对表达量最高,在IVF胚胎中2～4细胞表达量最少(P<0.05)。由此可见,HAT1基因在黄牛卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎阶段均有表达,GV期HAT1基因的表达最高,PA胚胎HAT1基因的表达较稳定。  相似文献   

3.
为了探究YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的表达、定位和作用,本试验利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Ywhaz基因及其编码蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育中的表达;利用免疫荧光技术检测YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的定位;使用特异性的siRNA沉默合子中的Ywhaz,在胚胎发育的1.5,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.5,5.0 dpc分别观察2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率,阐明在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响。结果显示,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码蛋白在小鼠1-细胞、2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚中均有表达,YWHAZ蛋白定位在小鼠早期胚胎的细胞质和细胞核中。Ywhaz沉默组的2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),沉默组5.0 dpc囊胚率显著高于其4.5 dpc囊胚率(P<0.05)。结果表明,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码的蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎中有表达,其蛋白主要定位在早期胚胎的细胞核和细胞质中;在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因可导致小鼠早期胚胎发育率降低且存在明显...  相似文献   

4.
为探讨母源基因在绵羊卵母细胞和胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,运用Real-time PCR技术研究4种母源基因:Gdf9(生长分化因子9)、Zar1(合子阻泄因子)、Mater(胚胎必要的母体抗原)及Dnmt1(DNA甲基化转移酶1)的mRNAs在绵羊GV期卵母细胞,24h成熟卵母细胞,2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、16-细胞胚胎以及囊胚中的含量变化情况。结果表明:在GV期卵中Zar1、Mater、Gdf9以及Dnmt1m RNA相对含量最高(P<0.05);从2-细胞胚胎开始,4种基因的mRNA相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),各基因mRNA的含量在不同发育阶段的卵母细胞和胚胎中存在动态变化,这对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨母源基因在绵羊卵母细胞和胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,运用Real-time PCR技术研究4种母源基因:Gdf9(生长分化因子9)、Zar1(合子阻泄因子)、Mater(胚胎必要的母体抗原)及Dnmt1(DNA甲基化转移酶1)的mRNAs在绵羊GV期卵母细胞,24h成熟卵母细胞,2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、16-细胞胚胎以及囊胚中的含量变化情况。结果表明:在GV期卵中Zar1、Mater、Gdf9以及Dnmt1m RNA相对含量最高(P0.05);从2-细胞胚胎开始,4种基因的mRNA相对含量显著降低(P0.05),各基因mRNA的含量在不同发育阶段的卵母细胞和胚胎中存在动态变化,这对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
本研究旨在探讨虾青素(astaxanthin, Ast)对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活胚胎发育的影响,为进一步优化猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养体系提供参考。首先,将GV期猪卵母细胞培养在添加有不同浓度虾青素(0,5,10,20,40μmol/L)的体外成熟液中,40～44 h后统计第一极体排出率。结果显示与对照组相比,各处理组卵母细胞的第一极体排出率均显著升高(P<0.05),其中10μmol/L处理组卵母细胞的第一极体排出率显著高于5,20,40μmol/L处理组(P<0.05)。随后对MⅡ期卵母细胞进行孤雌激活处理,结果发现10μmol/L和20μmol/L处理组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且10μmol/L处理组囊胚发育率显著高于20μmol/L处理组(P<0.05)。最后,检测虾青素处理后MⅡ期卵母细胞的活性氧水平、丙二醛及谷胱甘肽的含量,以及整个胚胎发育阶段中抗氧化酶相关基因SOD1和GPX4的表达变化,发现GV期卵母细胞经10μmol/L虾青素处理后,孤雌激活囊胚的细胞数极显著升高(P<0.01);而MⅡ期卵母细胞的活性氧水平...  相似文献   

7.
本研究旨在克隆牦牛组蛋白去甲基化酶2B(Lysine-specific histone demethylase 2B,KDM2B)基因,检测其在牦牛不同组织及其在卵母细胞减数分裂过程中的表达水平,从而为研究KDM2B基因在牦牛减数分裂中的作用机制提供试验依据。牦牛屠宰后,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、小肠、胃、肌肉、卵巢、睾丸和子宫组织样品,分别提取各个样本的总RNA。另选择3~5周岁的健康牦牛,采集卵巢后,抽取卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(Cumulus-oocyte complex,COCs),透明质酸酶作用后,获得卵母细胞和颗粒细胞,利用RT-PCR扩增得到KDM2B基因CDS区序列,实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测KDM2B基因在不同组织中的表达水平。体外培养获得GV、MI、MII 3个时期COCs,用qRT-PCR法检测KDM2B基因在卵母细胞减数分裂过程中的表达规律。结果表明,KDM2B基因CDS区长为3 930bp,编码1 309个氨基酸,与牦牛已有预测序列相比,属于长型转录本。与牛、绵羊、山羊的同源性较高,与斑马鱼和鸡的同源性较低。KDM2B基因在牦牛的各个组织中均有表达,其中脾、子宫、睾丸和卵巢的表达量较高。在MI期卵母细胞中,KDM2B基因的表达水平显著高于GV期和MII期(P0.01)。在卵丘颗粒细胞中,KDM2B基因的表达水平随减数分裂的进行而显著增加(P0.01)。本研究为进一步研究牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂机制及改善牦牛繁殖效率提供基础资料。  相似文献   

8.
旨在探究自噬调节因子Atg5和Beclin1在胚胎早期发育过程中的表达模式及胚胎的不同生产方式对两种因子表达的影响。本研究将6~8周龄雌性小鼠进行超数排卵,分为2组,一组收集小鼠卵母细胞,孤雌激活处理后进行体外培养;另一组超排小鼠与公鼠1：1合笼,第2天收集小鼠受精卵进行体外培养;分别在2细胞期、4~8细胞期、桑葚胚期和囊胚期收集不同阶段小鼠孤雌激活胚胎和自然受精胚胎。提取RNA和蛋白,通过实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot等方法检测自噬关键因子Atg5和Beclin1的表达,通过间接免疫荧光法检测Atg5和Beclin1在小鼠囊胚中的表达定位。结果显示,小鼠自然受精和孤雌激活胚胎在发育各时期均可表达Atg5和Beclin1,表达量在胚胎发育的早期呈现出较高的水平,其中二者的表达在小鼠自然受精胚胎中从2细胞期起逐渐降低,而在孤雌激活胚胎的4~8细胞阶段表达量最高,与同期自然受精胚胎差异极显著（P<0.01）;从4细胞期开始,各时期孤雌激活胚胎中Atg5和Beclin1蛋白表达水平均高于自然受精胚胎,差异极显著（P<0.01）;在囊胚中,滋养层细胞和内细胞团中均可检测到Atg5和Beclin1蛋白的荧光,但内细胞团中的荧光强度高于滋养层细胞,且Beclin1蛋白在孤雌激活胚胎囊胚内细胞团中荧光强度高于自然受精胚胎。自噬关键因子Atg5和Beclin1在不同来源小鼠胚胎早期发育各时期均有不同程度的表达,提示自噬对早期胚胎发育的调控作用与胚胎的生产方式存在一定关联,研究结果为进一步探索细胞自噬参与哺乳动物胚胎发育的生理调控提供理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
韩杰  熊显荣  熊燕  吴锦波  李键 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(10):2433-2442
旨在探讨KDM1A对牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂成熟及其发育潜能的影响。本研究在体外成熟液中添加不同浓度的KDM1A特异性抑制剂GSK-KDM1A,牦牛卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COCs）体外培养24 h后,观察卵丘细胞的扩展和第一极体的排出情况;利用免疫荧光检测体外培养过程中卵母细胞内KDM1A的表达模式;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测体外培养卵母细胞内Kdm1a、Oct-4、Sox-2以及Nanog的表达水平;体外培养成熟后的牦牛卵母细胞进行体外受精,观察其卵裂率与囊胚形成率。结果显示,体外培养24 h后,GSK-KDM1A组的卵丘细胞扩展程度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而320 nmol·L-1组的卵丘细胞扩展程度和第一极体排出率均显著低于160 nmol·L-1组（P<0.05）。在卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,Kdm1a呈现动态表达模式,MⅠ期的表达水平显著低于GV和MⅡ期（P<0.05）;添加GSK-KDM1A能显著抑制卵母细胞中KDM1A蛋白的表达（P<0.05）,320 nmol·L-1组各时间点KDM1A的表达量均显著低于160 nmol·L-1组（P<0.05）。GSK-KDM1A组卵母细胞内Oct-4与Sox-2的表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但Nanog的表达水平无显著差异（P>0.05）。牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟后,GSK-KDM1A组的卵裂率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,但囊胚形成率无显著变化（P>0.05）。综上表明,KDM1A参与调控牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂成熟过程,GSK-KDM1A能有效抑制KDM1A的表达,影响卵母细胞减数分裂成熟及其发育潜能,揭示KDM1A在此过程中扮演重要角色。  相似文献   

10.
为详细了解玻璃化冷冻对绵羊卵母细胞中母源基因mRNA表达量的影响,分别玻璃化冷冻GV期和IVM 期(18、24 h)绵羊卵母细胞,解冻后进行体外培养.GV期和IVM期卵母细胞经过冷冻-解冻后,卵裂率(10.37％、23.17％、33.07％)均极显著低于对照组(82.96％,P＜0.01),且冷冻-解冻后的GV期卵母细胞卵裂率极显著低于冷冻-解冻后的IVM期卵母细胞(P＜0.01).本试验利用荧光实时定量PCR技术检测4种母源基因:Gdf9(生长分化因子-9)、Zar1(合子阻泄因子)、Mater(胚胎必要的母体抗原)、Dnmt1(DNA甲基化转移酶1)在不同处理后的绵羊卵母细胞中的mRNA含量.结果表明,4个基因的mRNA在GV期的表达量均高于IVM期的卵母细胞(P＜0.01);经玻璃化冷冻处理后,4个基因的mRNA表达量升高,其中GV期含量最高(P＜0.01).结果提示,绵羊GV或IVM期卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻导致母源基因mRNA表达量升高,可能会对胚胎发育产生负面影响.  相似文献   

11.
The dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous (IV) buprenorphine were evaluated in cats. Thermal (TT) and mechanical threshold (MT) devices were used for nociceptive stimulation. After baseline threshold recordings, buprenorphine was administered IV (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg; B1, B2 and B4, respectively) in a randomised, blinded and cross-over study. Data were analysed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using 95% confidence intervals (CI). TT increased 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.2 ± 2.7 °C), 2, 3 and 4 h after B1; 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.1 ± 3.9 °C) and 2 h after B2, and 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.4 ± 3.3 °C), 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after B4. MT increased 15 and 45 min after B2 (260 ± 171 mmHg), and 30 (209 ± 116 mmHg) and 45 min and 1 and 2 h after B4. At 45 min, MT values were significantly higher after B2 compared to B1 (P < 0.05). With MT, B2 and B4 produced more antinociception and longer duration of action than B1, respectively. No dose response to thermal stimulation was detected.  相似文献   

12.
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.  相似文献   

13.
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification.  相似文献   

14.
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs.  相似文献   

15.
Amlan K. Patra   《Livestock Science》2009,121(2-3):239-249
A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R2 = 0.66), PB, SD (R2 = 0.58) and PD (R2 = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep.  相似文献   

16.
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds.  相似文献   

19.
The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dtmax: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dtmin: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.  相似文献   

20.
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO2 was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs.  相似文献   

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