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张红琼 《农业装备与车辆工程》2022,(3):142-145
利用拉格朗日方程建立一二挡位下自动变速器内部三级行星齿轮传动系统的扭转振动模型.利用MATLAB搭建了换挡电磁阀控制时间不同引起的换挡冲击激励下三级行星排的振动仿真模型,研究了满载匀速工况下离合器不同换挡完成时间对变速系统各构件振动特性的影响,研究结果为自动变速器系统的减振降噪提供设计参考. 相似文献
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不同于现有利用约束奇异和支链奇异实现的变胞并联机构,通过开启与锁死驱动副的方式,基于3-RRR球面机构(Sm),利用螺旋理论提出了一类含主动混联恰约束支链的多模式驱动变胞并联机构。针对所综合的3-SPS/SmPU驱动变胞并联机构,根据螺旋理论分析机构各构态的自由度,利用机构的结构特征和几何约束关系建立其运动学模型。此种通过开启与锁死驱动副实现并联机构变胞的方法也适用于其他变胞并联机构的构型综合,其变胞方式简便易行,全构态逆运动学求解简单,且该类变胞并联机构可有效避免变胞过程中的约束奇异和支链奇异。 相似文献
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不同于现有利用约束奇异和支链奇异实现的变胞并联机构,本文通过开启与锁死驱动副的方式,利用有限旋量法提出了一种可以实现一维转动、二维转动和三维转动的三构态驱动变胞并联球铰。根据螺旋理论分析机构各构态的自由度,利用机构的结构特征和几何约束关系分析其运动学。基于驱动变胞并联球铰(Sm),通过串联P副和U副,形成SmPU变胞支链,提出一种八模式3-SPS/SmPU驱动变胞并联机构。此种通过开启与锁死驱动实现驱动变胞球铰的方法也适用于其他变胞运动副的综合,变胞方式简便易行,且该类变胞运动副可有效避免变胞过程中的约束奇异以及支链奇异。 相似文献
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提出了一种球面变胞机构。该机构采用并联连接方式,由动平台、静平台、3个环形支链和1个中间变胞支链组成,通过变胞支链提供不同约束,机构可演变为正常构态和变胞构态两种机构形式。正常构态时,动平台相对静平台具有3个转动自由度,等效于3自由度球面机构;变胞构态时,动平台具有一个额外的径向移动自由度。以螺旋理论为基础,首先分析机构的自由度数目和性质;其次,构建机构的运动子矩阵和约束子矩阵,并将约束子矩阵和运动子矩阵联立,建立完整的6×6雅可比矩阵;最后,分析雅可比矩阵的秩,得到机构产生奇异位形的条件,研究奇异位形的类型,提出避免发生奇异的方法,为机构设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
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范毅 《农业装备与车辆工程》2015,(9):5-8
行星齿轮机构的动力特性分析与研究是自动变速器设计的重要过程。针对5个独立运动构件的双排行星齿轮机构自动变速器,运用整体矢量法分析了该变速器的动力传递路线。根据三角形相似原理计算了各挡位传动比。结合转速矢量图,进一步分析了此类变速器的升降挡过程。运用整体矢量法能定性分析自动变速器动力传递特性及定量计算各挡位传动比及各元件转速大小。 相似文献
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根据人机工程学对轿车变速换挡机构所提出的换挡力和换挡行程要求,针对某款自动挡轿车的换挡力过大问题进行原因分析。通过FTA方法对整个变速系统的影响因素逐一研究,确定换挡机构本身换挡力大是主要原因。通过换挡机构的换挡行程和换挡力计算校核和换挡机构自身结构分析,对杠杆比、梯形齿挡位角度提出优化建议,优化后的换挡机构的换挡力经过试验验证符合要求。 相似文献
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对单变胞支链型3PUS-S(P)球面变胞并联机构进行运动学和动力学分析。该机构由动平台、静平台、3个PUS支链和1个中间S(P)变胞支链组成。完全描述该机构动平台的位置和姿态需要6个变量,即动平台上一参考点的3个位移和动平台的3个转角。构态1时机构有3个转动自由度,动平台的6个位姿变量中只有3个变量是独立的;构态2时机构有1个额外的径向移动自由度,6个位姿变量中有4个变量是独立的。首先,推导该机构动平台的6个位姿参数之间的约束关系,基于矢量代数法,建立机构的运动学逆解模型;其次,运用牛顿-欧拉法建立该变胞机构的全构态逆动力学方程;最后,基于实物样机的几何参数与物理参数,在给定动平台运动规律和外力后,通过动力学方程求解得出机构所需驱动力、动平台所受约束力以及变胞过程中的附加作用力,所得仿真结果说明:3PUS-S(P)球面变胞并联机构在受到外界较大径向作用力时,可以通过激活中间变胞支链的移动副进行缓冲和能量吸收,从而避免机构受到损伤。 相似文献
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变速器是汽车传动系中最主要的部件之一.变速器由变速传动机构和变速操纵机构两部分组成.变速传动机构的主要作用是改变转矩和转速的数值和方向;操纵机构的主要作用是控制传动机构,实现变速器传动比的变换,即实现换挡,以达到变速变矩.机械式变速器主要是利用齿轮传动的降速原理.汽车行驶时的换挡行为,也就是通过操纵机构使变速器内不同的齿轮副工作.机械式变速器故障不是换挡方面的故障就是噪音方面的.这里我们主要谈一谈机械式变速器换挡困难的原因及排除方法. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献