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1.
为了解2007-2008年度河北、河南、山东和四川四省全国小麦区试品种（系）的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,采用亲缘系数（coefficient of parentage,COP）系统分析了参试的75个小麦品种（系）的遗传多样性,并接种条锈菌混合菌系（CYR33, CYR32, CYR31, CYR30, CYR29, CYR17, Su-1 and V26）进行抗条锈性鉴定与评价。结果表明,在供试品种（系）的2775个组合中,284个组合存在遗传相似性,所有供试品种（系）的COP值在0.0000-0.5000之间,亲缘系数总和为216.4531。通过对COP值聚类分析,将供试材料分为10大类;河北、河南、山东3省参试品种（系）间遗传相似性较高,对小麦条锈病抗性相对较差,四川参试品种（系）遗传相似性较低,对小麦条锈病的抗性较好。从参试品种（系）系谱看,利用前一个时期选育的品种作亲本,特别是主要推广品种豫麦2号作为亲本的利用率较高是河南省参试品种（系）遗传相似性较高的重要原因;四川省参试品种（系）遗传多样性相对较高,抗条锈性相对较好,主要由于该省广泛利用了当地和其他地区的种质资源。因此,不断发掘小麦新的种质资源,并提高其利用水平,是当前高产稳产新品种选育的当务之急。 相似文献
2.
2007—2008年度冀鲁豫川四省小麦区试品种（系） 遗传多样性和抗条锈性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解2007—2008年度河北、河南、山东和四川四省小麦区试品种（系）的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,采用亲缘系数系统分析了参试的75个小麦品种（系）的遗传多样性,并接种条锈菌混合菌系（CYR33、CYR32、CYR31、CYR30、CYR29、CYR17、Su-1和V26）进行抗条锈性鉴定与评价。结果表明,在供试品种（系）的2775个组合中,284个组合存在遗传相似性,所有供试品种（系）的COP值在0.0000～0.5000,亲缘系数总和为216.4531。通过对COP值聚类分析,将供试材料分为10大类;河北、河南、山东3省参试品种（系）间遗传相似性较高,对小麦条锈病抗性相对较差,四川参试品种（系）遗传相似性较低,对小麦条锈病的抗性较好。从参试品种（系）系谱看,利用前一个时期选育的品种作亲本,特别是主要推广品种‘豫麦2号’作为亲本的利用率较高是河南省参试品种（系）遗传相似性较高的重要原因;四川省参试品种（系）遗传多样性相对较高,抗条锈性相对较好,主要由于该省广泛利用了当地和其他地区的种质资源。因此,不断发掘小麦新的种质资源,并提高其利用水平,是当前高产稳产新品种选育的当务之急。 相似文献
3.
4.
为了揭示小麦抗蚜品种（系）的遗传多样性,在田间蚜虫圃对150份小麦品种（系）孕穗期和灌浆期蚜量比值进行2年对比的基础上,选取抗性结果较为一致的材料,利用筛选的54对具有多态性的SSR标记检测了43个不同抗蚜水平小麦品种（系）的遗传多态性。结果表明,54对SSR标记在这43份不同抗蚜水平小麦品种（系）中检测到365个等位变异,每个引物检测到2～18个等位变异,平均为6．7个;从每条谱带在所有材料中出现的频率来看,变异范围为2．3％～97．7％;多态性信息量为0．05～0．91,平均为0．65;43个小麦品种间的相对遗传距离为0．30～0．90,平均为0．52;SSR标记聚类分析在相对遗传距离为0．55处将43个不同抗蚜水平小麦品种（系）分为五大类群。选育和推广抗虫品种时尽可能选择聚类图中亲缘关系较远的材料;抗蚜品种京冬6号单独聚为一类,与其余品种亲缘关系较远,可作为新的抗源用于抗蚜育种。因此,用SSR分子标记分析不同抗蚜水平小麦品种（系）间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,可以为培育和推广抗蚜小麦品种提供参考。 相似文献
5.
《分子植物育种》2016,(12)
本研究运用ISSR分子标记技术对30份马铃薯品种(系)材料进行多态性和聚类分析,分析各品种(系)间亲缘关系。结果表明:从56条ISSR引物中筛选出6条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出52条带,多态性条带为47个,多态性比率约为90.38%。通过UPGMA法对30份马铃薯品种(系)材料聚类分析显示,30份供试材料品种间遗传相似系数为0.40~0.95,平均相似系数为0.675;在相似性系数0.75附近,30份马铃薯品种(系)可分为6个大类,包括5大复合组和1个独立类。这些结果说明所选取的30个马铃薯品种(系)的遗传差异比较大,遗传多样性较丰富;该研究结果为马铃薯的遗传多样性利用及种质鉴定和杂交育种提供了有力的理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为了解人工合成六倍体小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用了100条ISSR引物对11份人工合成小麦和3个普通小麦材料(TP、HTS-1、CS)进行了遗传多样性分析。筛选出了42条引物可用于遗传多样性分析,其中有24条引物对供试材料具有较强的鉴别能力。42条引物共扩增出了273个条带,每条引物扩增出的条带数是3~12,平均每条为6.5,同时检测到在14份小麦试材中有170(占62.3%)个等位变异位点,引物等位变异数为1~11,平均每个位点出现4.5个等位变异。42条引物扩增产物的多态性信息量(PIC)为0.499~0.879,平均为0.767,多数引物扩增的多态性信息量在0.800左右。14份材料间的遗传相似系数为0.663~0.934,平均为0.790。根据材料间的遗传相似系数聚类,14个材料被聚为3类,其中聚为第2类的试材最多。本研究表明,14份小麦材料遗传相似性较大,亲缘关系较近,但参试材料总体遗传多样性水平较高。聚类分析结果与试材系谱及亲本来源相吻合。结果表明ISSR标记技术可应用于物种的鉴别、遗传多样性研究和遗传图谱构建。 相似文献
7.
基于SNP标记揭示我国小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
LIU Yi-Ke ZHU Zhan-Wang CHEN Ling ZOU Juan TONG Han-Wen ZHU Guang HE Wei-Jie ZHANG Yu-Qing GAO Chun-Bao 《作物学报》2020,46(2):307-314
为了解我国主要小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性,为亲本组配提供参考,利用90KSNP芯片技术对国内为主的240个小麦品种(系)进行全基因组扫描,分析其遗传多样性和遗传基础。结果表明,多态性SNP位点在B基因组最多, D基因组最最少,尤其4D上最少;在全基因组范围内PIC平均值为0.26。参试品种间平均遗传相似系数为0.656,变幅为0.133～0.998,且87.05%品种间遗传相似系数在0.60～0.78之间;国内西南麦区和长江中下游麦区小麦品种(系)间的平均相似系数较高,分别为0.718和0.712,国外品种(系)间的相似系数最低,为0.552。聚类分析将参试品种(系)划分为7个类群,大部分类群含有来自不同区域育成品种(系),主成分分析显示各区域育成的品种(系)相互交集,表明我国各省市间种质资源交流较为频繁,但部分单位育成的品种(系)遗传基础不够丰富,部分品种(系)间遗传相似性较高,在育种中亟待引入新的种质,拓宽遗传基础。 相似文献
8.
东北地区部分马铃薯品种遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为对东北地区马铃薯品种鉴定提供分子水平上的依据,选用部分主栽品种（系）18 份,利用筛选出的18对多态性较好的马铃薯SSR引物进行扩增,对供试材料进行遗传多样性分析并构建指纹图谱。结果表明,供试材料共扩增出156个等位位点,其中146个为多态性位点,多态性比率达92.4%,扩增产物片段在100~800bp。利用STM1021、STI051、S170、S7、STI030、STPATP1和STM2023这7对引物构建了供试品种（系）的SSR指纹图谱。其中引物S7可以将18份品种（系）完全区分开。经聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.61处,所有供试材可明显分为2个类群,其中14个品种（系）聚在一类,表明,聚类分析结果与供试材料来源有较好的一致性。从分子水平上表明供试材料的遗传基础较狭窄。 相似文献
9.
利用SSR标记分析山东省花生区试品种的遗传多样性特点 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
摘要:利用SSR标记对山东省花生区试品种进行遗传多样性分析,以参加国家北方区试的17份省外花生品种为对照。结果表明,10对SSR引物在45份花生品种共扩增出57条带,其中45条呈现多态,多态性比率为78.95%。引物的多态性信息含量（PIC）变幅为0.369～0.857,平均值为0.683。多样性指数比较表明,山东省的基因多样性指数H（0.2476）和Shannon指数I（0.3723）均低于河南省（0.2928、0.4241）和省外（0.2929,0.4268）。山东省内品种间的遗传相似系数介于0.440-1.000之间,平均为0.730,省外品种间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.311-0.962,平均为0.638,显著性测验表明山东省区试品种内的相似性极显著高于省外品种内的相似性。聚类分析表明山东省花生区试品种遗传基础较近,绝大部分品种聚在第II类群;河南省和河北省的部分品种与其他品种亲缘关系较远。与省外区试品种相比,山东省花生区试品种遗传基础较近,应不断引入省外亲缘关系较远的品种以拓宽其遗传基础。 相似文献
10.
SRAP标记对甜菜抗根腐病品种的遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为进一步鉴定分析抗根腐病的优良甜菜品种,为日后选育种植优良抗病甜菜品种提供依据,本研究采用田间调查与分子标记相结合的方法,利用10对SRAP引物组合对11份国内外品种进行分子标记检测,通过SRAP-PCR扩增,共产生85条扩增带,65条多态性条带,平均多态性百分比为76.5%。平均遗传距离为0.5057,平均遗传相似系数为0.6031。田间调查结果显示,国外品种根腐病感病率为 2.9%~4.2%,国内品种根腐病感病率为2.0%~3.1%,参试的国内品种根腐病感病率普遍低于国外品种。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,在遗传距离0.20处,可将11份供试材料分为3个类群。结果表明,参试的国内品种的抗根腐病性较好于国外品种,抗根腐病性较好的品种有‘TY301’（国内）、‘TY303’（国内）、‘CK-TY312’（国内）、‘HI055’（国外）。SRAP分子标记对于甜菜抗根腐病性较好的品种的划分具有参考价值。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献