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1.
[目的]探讨绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响,为其在黄土高原旱作农业区的推广提供科学依据。[方法]基于4 a田间定位试验,研究了夏闲期种植长武怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆/苏丹草混播以及裸地休闲(CK)对旱作冬小麦收获期农田耕层(0—20 cm)土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量和团聚体的影响。[结果]在0—10 cm土层,与CK相比,苏丹草和混播处理显著降低了土壤容重,怀豆,苏丹草和混播处理显著提高了土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、大团聚体(>5 mm)所占比例和团聚体平均重量直径(MWD);在10—20 cm土层,苏丹草处理大团聚体所占比例和MWD均显著高于CK。土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关,毛管孔隙度和团聚体平均重量与绿肥生物量呈显著正相关,而土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量与绿肥生物量和土壤有机碳均呈显著正相关。[结论]在黄土高原地区,夏闲期单播种植长武怀豆、苏丹草及混播均能显著改善耕层土壤物理性质,综合来看,苏丹草单播的效果优于长武怀豆单播和二者混播。 相似文献
2.
两种巨桉人工林地土壤抗蚀性的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]揭示巨桉人工林组培苗和实生苗两种起源对土壤抗蚀性的影响。[方法]利用S形采样法在样地内采集多个样点,按上(0—10cm),中(10—20cm),下(20—30cm)三层分别利用环刀和塑料盒采集原状土壤,测定不同层次土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、渗透速率、水稳性团聚体含量等。[结果](1)随着土壤深度增加,两种巨桉林地土壤容重呈现递增趋势,而总孔隙度和通气孔隙度呈递减趋势。组培巨桉林土壤容重低于实生苗巨桉林地,而土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度高于显著实生苗巨桉林地(p0.05);(2)随着土壤深度增加,两种巨桉林地土壤水稳性指数、抗蚀指数、团聚状况、团聚度和结构系数呈现下降趋势,水稳性指数和抗蚀指数达到显著水平(p0.05),而分散率和分散系数呈现升高趋势。组培巨桉林地不同土层的抗蚀指数和结构系数均高于实生苗巨桉林地,但分散系数均显著低于实生苗巨桉林地(p0.05);(3)随着土壤深度增加,两种巨桉林地土壤各粒径水稳性团聚体含量和平均重量直径(MWD)呈现出下降趋势,土壤结构体破坏率呈现上升趋势。组培苗巨桉林地不同土层各粒径(5mm;5~2mm;0.5~0.25mm;0.5mm;0.25mm)水稳性团聚体含量和MWD均高于实生苗林地,而结构体破坏率、2~1mm和1~0.5mm水稳性团聚体含量均低于实生苗巨桉林地。[结论]组培巨桉人工林的土壤抗蚀性更佳。 相似文献
3.
秦岭北坡水源林区不同类型林分土壤水文特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在秦岭北坡水源林区选择不同针阔混交林和落叶混交林林分,对其土壤水文物理性质进行了研究。结果表明:土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量均为针阔混交林大于落叶阔叶林,40cm土层土壤水分平均(非毛管)滞留贮存量为针阔混交林大于落叶阔叶林。针阔混交林地土壤的渗透性能较好,其平均渗透系数达到了6.93mm/min,是落叶阔叶林地的4.97倍,且同一林地内0—20cm土层的渗透系数均大于20—40cm土层。基于主成分分析,锐齿栎×油松(华山松)混交林地土壤的综合水文效应最优。 相似文献
4.
不同作物秸秆还田对潮土结构的改良效果 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为探究作物秸秆还田对土壤结构的改良效果,采用二因素裂区设计,主因素施肥(F):F1(施NPK复合肥)和F0(不施肥);副因素作物种类(B):B1(油菜)、B2(玉米)、B3(马铃薯)、B4(燕麦)和B5(荞麦),以不施肥不种作物的空白处理为对照CK。采集样品后测定土壤容重、孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和田间持水量,以及团聚体粒径和土壤MWD、GMD和D值。结果表明:5种作物秸秆还田降低了土壤0—60 cm土层的土壤容重,增加了毛管孔隙度和田间持水量,20—60 cm土层为主要改善土层;同时,增加了土壤0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量,且0—20 cm土层团聚体MWD、GMD值增加,D值降低,稳定性增加;秸秆还田配施化肥下,0—60 cm土层土壤0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量呈减少趋势,且团聚体MWD、GMD值降低,D值增加,稳定性下降;各处理下油菜秸秆还田后对土壤容重、孔隙度、田间持水量和团聚体稳定性改善效果较好,荞麦秸秆还田更有利于提高土壤田间持水量,燕麦秸秆还田更有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性。由此可见,作物秸秆还田对土壤结构具有一定的改良效果,不同作物所起到的效果不同。整体而言,油菜秸秆还田效果更好。 相似文献
5.
对江西大岗山林区常绿阔叶林、杉木人工林和毛竹林土壤的容重、孔隙度、持水量和贮水量等物理性质进行了研究。结果表明：（1）常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和杉木人工林的土壤容重均随深度的增加而增加。在0～80cm的土层中,杉木人工林、常绿阔叶林和毛竹林的土壤容重分别为1．29g／cm^3,1．24g／cm^3和1．20g／cm^3。（2）随土层深度的增加,3种林型土壤的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量均逐渐降低。（3）在0～80cm的土层中,常绿阔叶林的土壤总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度最大,毛竹林次之;而常绿阔叶林土壤的毛管孔隙度最小,毛竹林最大。（4）在0～80cm的土层中,3种林型土壤的饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量均为毛竹林〉常绿阔叶林〉杉木人工林。在0～80cm的土层中,3种林型土壤的现有贮水量和饱和贮水量均为常绿阔叶林〉杉木人工林〉毛竹林。（5）毛竹林在0～40cm土层中,土壤物理性质明显优于另外两种林分。 相似文献
6.
兴文县香椿人工林土壤物理性质研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以柳杉人工林、柏木人工林及耕地为对照,研究了不同定植年限香椿人工林的土壤物理性质变化。结果表明:①香椿人工林土壤体积质量随定植年限的增长而减小,不同林分在0~40 cm土层中,土壤体积质量以定植4年香椿林为最大,柏木人工林最小,分别为1.58 g/cm3和1.31 g/cm3。②随定植年限增加,土壤孔隙度、持水量及贮水量均增大,各林地及耕地土壤孔隙度、持水量及贮水量均随土壤深度的增加而减小。③在0~40 cm土层中,柏木人工林的总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度最大,香椿人工林次之,耕地最小;而毛管孔隙度香椿人工林最大,柳杉人工林最小。④在0~40 cm土层中,各林地及耕地土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量及田间持水量均为柏木人工林香椿人工林柳杉人工林耕地,土壤贮水量为香椿人工林柳杉人工林耕地柏木人工林。⑤香椿人工林土壤物理性质随林龄的增加而改善,明显优于柳杉人工林及耕地,仅某些指标较差于柏木人工林。 相似文献
7.
不同土地利用方式对黑土剖面土壤物理性质的影响 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
选择地势平坦相毗邻地块的4种不同土地利用方式(农田,CL;落叶松林地,FL;自然草地,GL;裸地,BL),利用环刀法测定了土壤容重、田间持水量和饱和持水量,利用吸管法测定了土壤机械组成,利用湿筛法测定了土壤水稳性团聚体,分析了0—200cm剖面内土壤物理性质的分布、变异程度和相关性。研究结果表明:土地利用方式显著影响了表层(0—20cm)的土壤容重、孔隙度和土壤持水量,容重表现为GLCLFLBL,而孔隙度和田间持水量表现为GLCLFLBL。土地利用方式对剖面土壤颗粒组成的影响表现为GL砂粒含量比较高,BL粉砂含量较高,而FL的粘粒含量较高。粒径0.25mm团聚体含量(WAS0.25mm)、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均随剖面深度增加而降低,不同土地利用方式间的差异表现在0—60cm土层,为GLFLCLBL。GL和FL由于根系的作用增加了土壤物理性质的变异程度。土壤颗粒组成对土壤容重、饱和持水量和田间持水量都有显著的影响。研究结果表明,自然草地能够显著改善并恢复土壤的物理性质。 相似文献
8.
枫香与杉木、马尾松混交林土壤水分物理性质的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了枫香分别与杉木、马尾松混交后土壤水分物理性质的变化。结果表明:采用枫香分别与杉木、马尾松混交后,改善了土壤的水分物理性质,表现在土壤最大持水量增加,毛管持水量、田间持水量得以提高,土壤有效持水量也有了较大幅度的提高。枫香分别与杉木、马尾松混交后土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度得到提高,并由此而改善了混交林土壤的渗透性能。 相似文献
9.
生草对梨园土壤物理特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
为了研究不同生草年限对梨园土壤物理特性的影响,以清耕为对照,研究冀中生草4a和生草8a梨园,在0—30cm土层内分层取样,测定土壤容重、孔隙度、保水和排水能力及团聚体含量等土壤物理特性,比较不同生草年限梨园土壤物理性质的变化特征。结果表明:生草处理土壤容重显著降低,土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量和排水能力显著增加,对0—10cm土层物理特性的影响最大,与清耕相比较,生草8a和生草4a处理,土壤容重分别降低7.18%和4.26%,土壤孔隙度分别增加44.77%和11.54%,土壤毛管持水量分别增加109.62%和32.91%,排水能力分别增加了56.62%和21.98%;生草处理显著降低了0—10cm土层粒径5mm机械稳定性团聚体和粒径2mm水稳性团聚体含量,显著增加了0—20cm土层粒径0.25~5mm机械稳定性团聚体含量,生草8a显著增加了0—30cm土层粒径0.25~2mm水稳性团聚体含量。短期生草对土壤容重、孔隙度和保水性改善明显,对水稳性团聚体影响较小,随着生草年限的增加,梨园土壤物理性状愈趋改善。 相似文献
10.
湘中红壤丘陵区不同土地利用类型对土壤特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以湖南省衡阳县武水流域为例,对湘中红壤丘陵区5种土地利用类型的土壤物理性质和抗蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明,土地利用类型对土壤物理性质有显著影响,花岗岩红壤的结构随植被演退和人为耕作的干扰而退化。与林地相比,旱地和坡耕地等耕作土壤砂粒含量增加,黏粒含量相对减少,表土呈现砂化;与林地和疏林地相比,耕作土壤的大粒径水稳性团聚体减少,水稳性团聚体平均重量直径减小,结构稳定性下降;不同土地利用类型按土壤毛管孔隙度和持水性能大小排序为林地>疏林地>荒地>旱地>坡耕地。研究结果说明良好的植被条件与合理的土地利用能通过降低土壤容重、增加有机质以及细颗粒含量来改善土壤的团聚能力,并增加土壤蓄水量,从而提高土壤的抗蚀能力。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献