共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 201 毫秒
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宁夏引黄灌区玉米马铃薯不同间作方式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以玉米和马铃薯不同间作处理为研究对象,对间作后的作物产量、经济效益、节水效果等综合性状对比分析。结果表明,在各立体复合种植处理中,以2行玉米间作3行马铃薯(用地比例为1∶1.5)处理经济效益最高,每667m2产值可达1703.0元,分别是单种玉米和单种马铃薯产值的130.75%、107.7%,每667m2获得了1517.1～1703元的经济效益和每立方米3.78～3.79元的单方水生产率,其节水效果、经济效益等综合表现均高于现有灌区主栽作物及其间作模式,在宁夏黄灌区是一项很值得进一步深入探讨的栽培措施。 相似文献
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玉米行距对大豆/玉米间作作物生长及种间竞争力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明大豆玉米间作系统中玉米种植行距对间作作物生长及种间资源竞争的影响。在固定带宽的大豆/玉米间作系统中,设置10,20,45,60和70 cm 5个间作玉米种植行距,分析间作系统的间作优势、作物生长情况以及大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力变化。结果表明:随间作玉米行距增加,间作优势增加,70 cm行距间作优势最大,达4 271.4 kg·hm-2。Logistic生长拟合曲线表明:随玉米行距增加,大豆生物累积量减小,达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数缩短,玉米生物累积量最大值出现在D45处理下,达43 471.1 kg·hm-2,D45处理达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数最长,达130 d,且生长后期日生长速率持续高于其它处理;共生期内,伴随作物生长,大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力Asm逐渐降低,共生后期,表现为随间作玉米种植行距增加,大豆相对于玉米的竞争力Asm逐渐减小。综合分析表明:河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中,玉米是强竞争力作物,玉米种植行距为45 cm,有利于大豆和玉米的生长及产量形成,大豆和玉米种间竞争力较弱,可作为河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中间作玉米的最佳行距配置。 相似文献
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研究机械化条件下玉米-大豆间作的生产效益,为优化玉米-大豆间作模式提供理论基础。设置玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SM)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(2/4I)和玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(4/4I)种植模式,分析不同种植模式的作物产量、经济效益和土壤温室气体排放特征。结果表明,2/4I和4/4I模式均具有间作优势,土地当量比分别为1.24和1.15;与单作相比,间作成本降低、产值增加、经济效益显著提高;间作还降低了农田土壤CO2和N2O排放通量。综合比较两种间作模式的产量和效益,2/4I模式优势优于4/4I。 相似文献
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覆盖作物在玉米/大豆间作模式中的效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在玉米/大豆2∶2型间作模式中以大豆作为覆盖作物,从生物覆盖的角度对玉米根际土壤、田间气候的温湿度变化、玉米农艺性状及产量进行分析,研究间作系统中覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应。结果表明,在玉米行间种植覆盖作物,土壤含水量在玉米乳熟期比玉米单作平均提高15.1%,10～30 cm土壤温度平均提升1.4℃,田间气温提高1℃。与单作相比,玉米各农艺性状有所改善,产量明显增加,土壤水分利用率最高可达10.5%。覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应是覆盖、互作、叠加、互补等多种效应的复合表现,对主作物根际土壤及田间气候的温度、湿度具有调节作用,可有效提高光能和土壤水分利用率。通过覆盖作物和主作物间作的有机结合,可达到旱作农业用地与养地有效统一。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2017,(5)
玉米/大豆间作模式下,低位作物大豆受到高位作物玉米的遮荫,导致大豆种子在发育期间受到荫蔽胁迫。为研究荫蔽胁迫对大豆种子在随后的萌发期间抗逆性的影响,本研究以大豆品种菏豆19、玉米品种浚单26为试验材料,采用1∶1玉米/大豆间作(intercropping,IC)模式,对照为净作大豆(monocropping,MC),大豆种子收获后,测定百粒重、蛋白质含量以及脂肪含量等性状;并分析其在萌发期间的抗逆能力(以高温、甘露醇、葡萄糖、聚乙二醇、Na Cl以及脱落酸进行胁迫处理);进一步以qRT-PCR分析了ABA信号转导相关基因的表达情况。结果表明,玉米/大豆间作模式下收获的大豆种子的百粒重、脂肪和蛋白质含量与净作大豆无明显差异;在上述非生物胁迫条件下,与对照相比,间作大豆种子具有较快的萌发速率,表现出较强的抗逆能力;qRT-PCR数据显示,在萌发过程中,间作大豆种子中ABA信号通路上的正调控基因Gm ABI4、Gm ABI5表达量较净作有所下调。因此,本研究表明玉米/大豆间作模式不会降低大豆种子品质,但是会通过削弱ABA信号,进而增强间作大豆种子在萌发期间的抗逆能力,提高其萌发期间对非生物逆境的适应性。 相似文献
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玉米-大豆间作栽培集成技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从玉米-大豆间作内容展开分析,通过论述间作复合群体生态多样性的特征表现,对生物特性与生产条件管理内容进行研究,在维护生物多样性的同时,提高作物种植产量,并对具体栽培技术进行探讨,为该技术的大田推广提供参考。 相似文献
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旱稻、玉米间作栽培是高矮两种作物按一定的种植比例合理搭配的一种栽培形式。本文阐述了间作比例、地块的选择、品种选择、适时播种、细致整地、防除杂草、防治病虫害、机械化栽培的技术要点,并指出了相应的注意事项。 相似文献
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旱稻、玉米间作栽培是高矮两种作物按一定的种植比例合理搭配的一种栽培形式。本文阐述了间作比例、地块的选择、品种选择、适时播种、细致整地、防除杂草、防治病虫害、机械化栽培的技术要点，并指出了相应的注意事项。 相似文献
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Walter Roder Eugen Anderhalden Pusparaj Gurung Penjor Dukpa 《American Journal of Potato Research》1992,69(3):195-202
Potato is a major cash crop for Bhutanese highland farmers, who widely use intercropping systems combining potato (Solanum tuberosum) with maize (Zea mays). Scarcity of information on existing cropping practices limits the scope of present extension programs. Experiments evaluating potato intercropping systems with maize and faba bean (Vicia faba) were conducted at Yusipang (2700 m) and Kangma (1900 m). Potato yield reductions through intercropping ranged from 0–21 percent depending on year, and location. Variation in planting geometry and maize planting date did not affect potato yield reductions. The land equivalent ratio ranged from 1.03–1.06 for faba bean and from 1.11 to 1.49 for maize intercropping systems. Compared to potato as a sole crop maize intercropping increased gross benefits in Kangma by 12–15 percent with maize plant densities of 2.8 per m2. In Yusipang, gross benefits were not increased through intercropping. Reducing risks of environmental and market impacts favor the use of intercropping systems. 相似文献
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采用田间试验,设置4∶2(四垄玉米两垄小麦)、3∶2(三垄玉米两垄小麦)、2∶2(两垄玉米两垄小麦)3种不同的玉米//小麦间作模式及玉米、小麦单作共5个处理,探讨不同玉米//小麦间作模式对作物产量、水分利用率及种间竞争等方面的影响。两年试验表明,玉米//小麦间作模式与单作模式相比具有显著优势,间作处理的土地当量比(LER)均大于1。玉米//小麦间作系统中,小麦相对玉米的竞争力(Awm)均大于0。在小麦收获后,3种不同间作处理的玉米相对生长率(RGR)相比单作玉米提高显著。在作物耗水等方面,玉米//小麦的全生育期耗水量及水分利用率均高于单作。间作模式能显著增加玉米//小麦间作的子粒产量,其中2∶2处理组在产量表现等方面为最优。 相似文献
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Feng Yang Dunping Liao Yuanfang Fan Rencai Gao Xiaoling Wu Tanzeel Rahman 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):1-11
Narrow-row planting patterns directly affect crop yield and competition in intercropping systems. A two-year (2012 and 2013) field experiment was conducted to determine the interactive behavior between intercrops in a maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Maize plants were planted in different narrow-wide row planting patterns, whereas soybean was planted in wide rows. The total biomass and grain yield of maize increased with increasing maize narrow-row spacing, but the opposite trend was observed for soybean. The aggressivity, competitive ratio, and partial relative crowding advantage values for maize were greater than those for soybean. Moreover, the competitive interaction of the intercrops was affected by the distance between maize and soybean rows. The highest intercrop land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.61 and 1.59 was found in the 40:160 planting pattern (i.e. 40 cm narrow-row spacing and 160 cm wide-row spacing of maize) during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Combined with actual yield loss and LER, the intense intra-specific competition of maize plants reduced the depression for the associated soybeans when the maize narrow-row spacing was less than 30 cm. When the narrow-row spacing was wider than 50 cm, soybean growth was seriously depressed by maize because of the stronger inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. The maximum yield and economic advantage appeared in the 40:160 narrow-wide row planting pattern. Therefore, intercropping advantage may be achieved by changing the row spacing and distance between intercrop rows to coordinate the inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. 相似文献
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We investigated the soybean productivity of double cropping and relay intercropping in farmer’s fields for three years using two black soybean cultivars of Kurozukin and Tanbaguro, which are used for the first and second crop, respectively. Kurozukin is the early maturing cultivar for vegetable soybean harvest and Tanbaguro is the late-maturing cultivar for the harvest of vegetable soybean and seeds. The yield of the first crop (Kurozukin) was similar to the mono cropping regardless of cropping patterns. However, the yield of the second crop (Tanbaguro) was affected by cropping patterns. The yield of Tanbaguro in double cropping was prone to decrease by late sowing. The late sowing was induced by the late sowing and late harvesting of Kurozukin because of the low temperature in April and the large amount of precipitation in rainy season, respectively. In relay intercropping that Tanbaguro was sown between the rows of Kurozukin at about one month before the harvest of Kurozukin, the yield of Tanbaguro was similar to the mono cropping and the competition with Kurozukin was not observed. Thus, the land equivalent ratio value of double cropping was lower than that of relay intercropping. These results suggest that relay intercropping is more useful cultivation system than double cropping to increase the annual soybean production. 相似文献
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不同类型玉米杂交种高矮立体间作种植技术研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
2001～2003年连续对8个不同类型的玉米杂交种进行了高矮立体间作种植比较试验,结果表明:(1)适合密植的紧凑株型杂交种和稀植大穗型杂交种高、矮间作种植均比单作种植产量显著提高,F值分别为5.10,6.31,5.19,4.86;株高、穗位高比单作稍有降低;抽雄、散粉、吐丝和成熟期均比单作提早;出籽率、百粒重均比单作高.(2)高、矮每隔2行、4行或每隔6行间作产量间无显著差异.(3)玉米杂交种高、矮间作种植的增产原因是有效地协调了群体与个体之间光合性状间彼此致约的矛盾,提高了光合作用效率. 相似文献
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Water use and yield of wheat/maize intercropping under alternate irrigation in the oasis field of northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alternate irrigation (AI) on the yield, water use and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping system in an oasis region of northwest China in 2006-2008. Three planting patterns, i.e., sole wheat, sole maize and wheat/maize intercropping. Three irrigation levels were applied for each treatment during 3 years. Results showed that land use efficiency of wheat and maize was significantly enhanced by intercropping system; land equivalent ratio (LER) of wheat/maize intercropping system in different treatments was all greater than 1.0. Moreover, significant difference in grain yield was observed between intercropping treatment and sole cropping treatment, in which the yield of intercropped wheat was 55.37-74.88% of sole wheat, and intercropped maize was 66.63-78.87% of sole maize. Wheat/maize intercropping treatments increased water use by 1.8-16.4% than half of the total water use of sole-cropping wheat and maize. Compared to sole cropping wheat treatments, wheat/maize intercropping with alternate irrigation significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) by 30.5-57.7%, 55.5-71.4% and 12.0-19.8%, and increased by 32.7-37.8%, 9.5-15.8% and 4.0-20.8% than sole cropping maize treatments in 2006-2008, respectively. Our results suggest that AI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method on wheat/maize intercropping in arid oasis field where intercropping planting is decreased because of limited water resource. 相似文献