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1.
由禾谷镰刀菌复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC)引起的麦类赤霉病,是农业生产上的重要病害。为明确中国长江中下游冬小麦主产区小麦赤霉病菌种的构成及其地理分布,对2008年从江苏、浙江和湖北3省采集的656株小麦赤霉病菌株进行了分类鉴定。结果显示,其中558个菌株为亚洲镰刀菌(Fusarium asiaticum),98个菌株为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto),表明中国长江中下游冬小麦主产区小麦赤霉病的主要致病菌是亚洲镰刀菌。选择亚洲镰刀菌(F.asiaticum)为研究对象,通过PCR-RFLP的方法对其进行产NX-2毒素菌株的检测。结果没有检测到产NX-2毒素菌株,表明中国长江中下游冬小麦主产区并未出现NX-2毒素群体。本研究旨在了解NX-2毒素群体在中国长江中下游地区的地理分布,为进一步研究麦类赤霉病菌群体遗传多样性和演化趋势奠定基础,为麦类赤霉病的防治和毒素污染的控制提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
为明确我国不同种、地理来源和毒素化学型小麦茎基腐病菌的致病力分化情况,采用纸塔法对来自全国9个省市80个采样点分离的224株小麦茎基腐病菌进行致病力分析。结果表明,不同种镰刀菌的致病力不同,黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum,禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum,假禾谷镰刀菌F.pseudograminearum及亚洲镰刀菌F.asiaticum致病力强于其他种。F.culmorum致病力显著高于F.pseudograminearum和F.asiaticum,而F.pseudograminearum,F.graminearum及F.asiaticum三者之间无显著性差异。中华镰刀菌F.sinensis,木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti,锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum致病力较弱,三者间苗期致病力无显著性差异;多数省份F.pseudograminearum群体间致病力无显著差异,仅山东F.pseudograminearum群体的致病性显著低于河南群体;此外,产毒类型为3ADON的F.pseudograminearum群体致病力显著高于15ADON群体。 相似文献
3.
小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析——基于致病菌种类及所产毒素化学型鉴定和抗药性检出的时序性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对江苏、安徽、山东、河南、湖北、河北和四川7省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗性及敏感菌株Fusarium asiaticum和F.graminearum的鉴定、所产生毒素的化学型及多菌灵抗性菌株检出时序性的分析,初步推测了小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗性群体在中国麦区的扩散路径。结果表明:江淮流域的江苏、安徽、湖北3省和四川省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性或敏感菌株优势群体均是F.asiaticum,而黄淮流域的山东、河南2省及河北省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的敏感菌株优势群体为F.graminearum,抗性菌株优势群体则为F.asiaticum。江苏、安徽、山东和河南抗多菌灵菌株F.asiaticum产生毒素的化学型为3-AcDON和NIV,并以3-AcDON为主。江苏省连续使用多菌灵防治小麦赤霉病长达20多年后才检测到田间抗性菌株,而近年来检测到田间抗性菌株的山东、河南2省用多菌灵防治赤霉病的历史较短,且为偶尔使用,药剂的选择压力相对较小,因此推测山东和河南麦区出现的小麦赤霉病菌抗多菌灵菌株可能是通过种子调运及联合收割机跨区作业等方式从抗药性发生较早的江淮麦区流入的。 相似文献
4.
山东省小麦赤霉病菌种群组成及其致病力分化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
由禾谷镰孢菌群Fusarium graminearum clade引起的赤霉病是小麦的重要病害。为明确山东省小麦赤霉病菌的种群组成及其致病力,于2011年和2012年从山东省15地市分离了95株小麦赤霉病菌,在形态和分子生物学鉴定种的基础上,采用鉴定B型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行毒素化学型分析。在95个菌株中,93株分离物为禾谷镰孢菌F.graminearum,2株为燕麦镰孢菌F.avenaceum。94株分离物为脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)化学型,1株为雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(nivalenol,NIV)化学型。在94株DON毒素化学型菌株中,90株为15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-AcDON)化学型,4株为3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3-AcDON)化学型。在小麦扬花期,采用单花滴注接种法对29个菌株进行了致病力测定,供试菌株的致病力分化明显。表明在山东省冬小麦产区,产15-AcDON毒素的F.gra-minearum是小麦赤霉病菌的优势种群。 相似文献
5.
小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及毒素化学型分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为从分子水平上明确小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及其B 型毒素化学型的分布特点,本研究对2008 年度采自四川、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、河南6 省33 县市的赤霉病穗上分离获得的433 个镰刀菌单孢菌株,用鉴定种和鉴定B 型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行了鉴定分析。致病种检测结果表明,四川病穗检测到Fusarium asiaticum、F. graminearum、F.avenaceum 和F. meridionale 4 个镰刀菌种,重庆、湖北、安徽和江苏病穗检测到F. asiaticum 和F. graminearum 2 个种,河南病穗仅检测到F. graminearum 1 个种。毒素化学型检测结果表明,Nivalenol(NIV)是四川和重庆镰刀菌主要毒素化学型,Deoxynivalenol(DON)是湖北、河南、安徽和江苏镰刀菌主要毒素化学型;将DON 化学型进一步划分为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 显示,四川、湖北、江苏镰刀菌毒素以3-AcDON 为主,安徽镰刀菌毒素为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 两者参半,河南镰刀菌全部产生15-AcDON。结果揭示,F. asiaticum 是四川、重庆、湖北和江苏等赤霉病流行麦区的优势致病种;镰刀菌产生的DON 和NIV 毒素化学型存在明显的地域分布,长江上游的麦区以NIV 为优势化学型,长江中下游麦区以DON 为优势化学型;镰刀菌致病种与DON 毒素的化学型间存在一定关系。 相似文献
6.
小麦赤霉病菌拮抗菌筛选及最适培养条件初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight)是我国小麦生产上最重要的真菌病害之一。已有的研究表明,在我国其致病菌的优势种主要为Fusarium graminearum和F. asiaticum。此病害具有爆发速度快、流行范围广等特点[1,2],而且其致病菌还可产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)等毒素,人畜吃过会产生不同程度的中毒反应[3]。目前小麦 相似文献
7.
河北省玉米穗腐病病原菌鉴定及潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌系统发育分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确河北省夏玉米区玉米穗腐病的发生情况、病原菌组成及地区对病原菌种类的影响,本团队于2016年和2017年在玉米收获前期对玉米穗腐病的发生情况进行调查,并通过生物学方法对随机采回的样本进行分离鉴定。田间调查结果表明,与2016年相比,2017年河北省玉米种植面积有所减少,玉米穗腐病的发病率有所下降。分离鉴定结果表明,引起河北省夏玉米区穗腐病的优势病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides),分离频率为63.49%,其他病原菌如层出镰孢菌(F. proliferatum)、禾谷镰孢菌(F. graminearum)、变红镰孢菌(F. incarnatum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黄曲霉(A. flavus)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)的分离频率分别为19.05%、6.35%、1.59%、14.29%、3.17%、9.52%和1.59%。为明确伏马毒素基因在潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌鉴定中的作用,拟轮枝镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌和藤仓镰孢菌(F. fujikuroi)分别以EF-1α和FUM1基因序列为基础构建系统发育树。结果表明,两个系统发育树拓扑结构相似,伏马毒素基因可用于潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌种的鉴定,基于FUM1基因的种间遗传距离大于基于EF-1α基因的种间遗传距离,而种内遗传距离的结论则与之相反。 相似文献
8.
甘肃中部及周边地区小麦条锈菌种群的遗传结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确甘肃中部与周边地区小麦条锈菌种群的遗传结构及关系,利用SSR分子标记技术对采自甘肃、陕南、青海及新疆等7个地区共369份小麦条锈病菌标样的群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,小麦条锈菌群体Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.39、Shannon信息指数为0.57,各地区条锈菌群体遗传多样性较为丰富,且在不同地区之间存在明显差异,7个条锈菌群体中以天水种群的遗传多样性相对较高,其Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.42、Shannon信息指数为0.61。该地区小麦条锈菌群体间和群体内都存在着一定的遗传分化,群体间遗传变异占总变异的2.24%,群体内遗传变异占总变异的97.76%。表明甘肃中部及周边地区小麦条锈菌群体存在一定的遗传分化,但遗传变异主要发生在群体内部;甘肃中部、陇南及陕南3地的小麦条锈菌种群遗传相似度较高,菌源交流密切。 相似文献
9.
甘肃省玉米籽粒中镰孢菌分离频率及伏马毒素含量监测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解甘肃省玉米籽粒中病原镰孢菌的种类以及籽粒中伏马毒素的含量,通过形态学特征、分子生物学鉴定和高效液相色谱法对2011—2012年间采自甘肃省5个地区的225份玉米籽粒样品进行了镰孢菌的分离、鉴定和伏马毒素含量的测定。结果表明,分离获得的516株镰孢菌经鉴定分别属于拟轮生镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides、层出镰孢菌F.proliferatum、禾谷镰孢复合种F.graminearum species complex、亚粘团镰孢菌F.subglutinans、藤仓镰孢菌F.fujikuroi、木贼镰孢菌F.equiseti、尖镰孢菌F.oxysporum和F.temperatum;其中拟轮生镰孢菌分离频率最高,属甘肃省的优势病原菌。2011和2012年,镰孢菌的分离频率分别为31.0%和10.7%,禾谷镰孢复合种和拟轮生镰孢菌为当年的优势种群。同时,2011和2012年样品中伏马毒素的污染率分别为30.5%和50.9%,平均含量分别为175μg/kg和224μg/kg,但未发现伏马毒素含量超过欧盟委员会限量标准(4 000μg/kg)的样品。 相似文献
10.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇( DON) 在小麦籽粒中的积累分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
镰刀菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)污染小麦后对人畜具有较大的毒害作用。为明确DON毒素在小麦籽粒中的积累数量及其与镰刀菌菌株、接菌数量、小麦品种和病害严重度的关系,试验采用单花滴注方法在5个抗病性不同的小麦品种上分别接种9 个禾谷镰刀菌菌株,每个菌株接种1 × 106 、1 × 105 和1 × 104 个/ mL 3 个分生孢子浓度,并利用ELISA 法测定收获麦粒中DON 毒素含量。结果表明,麦粒中DON 毒素含量差异主要是由于不同禾谷镰刀菌菌株产生毒素能力不同所致。接种菌株8003、4020 的所有麦粒中DON 毒素含量均显著高于相同条件下接种其他7 个菌株的小麦。当接种产毒素能力强的菌株时,小麦抗病品种表现出在一定程度上降低DON 毒素积累的能力。不同接菌浓度对小麦赤霉病的发病程度和麦粒中DON 毒素含量有显著影响,在相同条件下,接菌浓度越高,病害严重度越高,DON 毒素含量也越高;反之,接菌浓度越低,病害严重度越低,DON 毒素含量也越低。 相似文献
11.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang T. Huang J. Carter Y. C. Liao P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2008,57(4):642-651
The genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolated from wheat heads in China were examined and compared with those of isolates of F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale from Europe, USA and Nepal. Genetic diversity was assessed by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis and by molecular chemotyping. SSCP analysis of the Fg16F/Fg16R PCR amplicon differentiated F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale and revealed three haplotypes among sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) type 1 F. graminearum isolates. AFLP analysis showed a high level of genetic diversity and clustered the majority of Chinese isolates in one group along with other isolates of Asian origin. The second cluster contained F. graminearum isolates from China, Europe and the USA. Of the Chinese isolates, 79% were F. asiaticum and 81% of these were of the 3-AcDON chemotype, with only 9·5% of either chemotype 15-AcDON or NIV. All the Chinese and USA isolates of F. graminearum were 15-AcDON, whereas among the isolates from Europe, 21% were NIV and 8% were 3-AcDON chemotype. No evidence was found for possible differences in aggressiveness between F. graminearum and F. asiaticum . Highly aggressive isolates were present in each region and no evidence was found for any association between aggressiveness and geographical origin or chemotype among the isolates examined. No difference was observed in pathogenicity towards wheat seedlings between Chinese isolates and those from Europe, the USA or Nepal. 相似文献
12.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang Y. B. Xu T. Huang A. B. Wu C. S. Zhao J. Carter P. Nicholson Y. C. Liao 《Plant pathology》2008,57(1):15-24
A large number of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat spikes from all regions in China with a history of fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics. Isolates were analysed to investigate their genetic diversity and geographic distribution. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analyses of 437 isolates resolved both species, with 21% being F. graminearum (SCAR type 1) and 79% being F. asiaticum (SCAR type 5). AFLP profiles clearly resolved two groups, A and B, that were completely congruent with both species. However, more diversity was detected by AFLP, revealing several subgroups within each group. In many cases, even for isolates from the same district, AFLP haplotypes differed markedly. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that all isolates of SCAR type 1, AFLP group A were F. graminearum , whilst isolates of SCAR type 5, AFLP group B were F. asiaticum , demonstrating that it is an efficient method for differentiating these two species. Both species seem to have different geographic distributions within China. Fusarium graminearum was mainly obtained from wheat growing in the cooler regions where the annual average temperature was 15°C or lower. In contrast, the vast majority of F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat growing in the warmer regions where the annual average temperature is above 15°C and where FHB epidemics occur most frequently. This is the first report of the distribution of, and genetic diversity within, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum on wheat spikes throughout China. 相似文献
13.
以多菌灵为主的苯并咪唑类杀菌剂一直是小麦抽穗扬花期防控赤霉病的主要手段之一。本研究对2018年我国主要麦区采集的1 464株赤霉病菌菌株进行多菌灵抗性分子检测。共检测出多菌灵抗性菌株97株,抗性频率为6.63%,同时发现抗性菌株以F167Y突变频率最高,其次为E198Q和F200Y。通过比较不同省份间多菌灵抗性发生频率发现,长江中下游麦区赤霉病菌群体抗性频率明显高于黄淮麦区群体。本研究相比之前研究中的抗性频率大幅度上升,表明在多菌灵的选择压力下,多菌灵抗性种群发展迅速。为防止抗性群体的进一步发展,致使多菌灵防治赤霉病失效,应采用混配、复配药剂、不同作用机理的杀菌剂交替轮换使用来防治小麦赤霉病。 相似文献
14.
镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性与其致病力相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验采用菌丝生长速率法测定了大蒜根系分泌物对3种供试植物病原镰刀菌的抑菌活性, 并进一步分析了18株从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌和12株从小麦赤霉病样分离的禾谷镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性及致病力之间的关系。研究结果表明, 大蒜根系分泌物对供试镰刀菌均具有抑制活性, 但从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌对根系分泌物的敏感性低于其他菌株。致病力分析结果表明, 供试的18株尖孢镰刀菌均能使蒜瓣发病, 但致病力与其对根系分泌物的敏感性无明显相关性; 供试的禾谷镰刀菌中对根系分泌物不敏感的4株菌株能侵染蒜瓣, 但敏感性高的菌株不能侵染蒜瓣, 且根系分泌物对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制率与禾谷镰刀菌致病力之间呈显著的负相关。这表明大蒜根系分泌抑菌物质是根系抵御镰刀菌侵染的重要机制, 但一些菌株能对根系分泌物产生抗性, 从而侵染大蒜。综上所述, 大蒜根系分泌物对镰刀菌具有抑制活性, 可以利用大蒜和其他作物间作或轮作控制镰刀菌枯萎病的发生和蔓延, 但长期利用大蒜轮作或间作控制土传病害可能面临镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物产生抗性, 导致防效降低的风险。 相似文献
15.
Trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto and Fusarium meridionale in wheat from southern Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L. B. Scoz P. Astolfi D. S. Reartes D. G. Schmale III M. G. Moraes E. M. Del Ponte 《Plant pathology》2009,58(2):344-351
A total of 82 fungal isolates was obtained from wheat kernel samples affected by fusarium head blight collected from 20 locations in southern Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to characterize trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes [deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and two acetylated derivatives of DON]. To identify isolates that producing DON and NIV, portions of the Tri13 gene were amplified. To identify 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) genotypes, portions of Tri3 and Tri12 were amplified. Nearly all of the isolates studied (76/82) were of the DON/15-ADON genotype. Six of the isolates were of the NIV genotype. The DON/3-ADON genotype was not observed. Portions of three genes were sequenced from representative isolates of the NIV and DON/15-ADON genotypes and compared with sequences from curated reference isolates of Fusarium in GenBank. blast queries for individual gene sequences and pairwise comparisons of percentage identity and percentage divergence based on 1676 bp of concatenated DNA sequence suggested that the isolates representing the DON/15-ADON genotype were Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto and the isolates representing the NIV genotype were Fusarium meridionale . This is the first detailed report of trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes of F. graminearum and F. meridionale in Brazil. 相似文献
16.
Variation in Pathogenicity Associated with the Genetic Diversity of Fusarium graminearum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J.P. Carter H.N. Rezanoor D. Holden A.E. Desjardins R.D. Plattner P. Nicholson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):573-583
We screened 188 isolates of Fusarium graminearum, which originated from northwest Europe, the USA and Nepal, for genetic diversity using a sequence-characterised amplified region polymorphism (SCAR). On the basis of this analysis, 42 of the 118 isolates were selected for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Three groups were identified, two of which, A and B, contained the isolates from Nepal, and a third, group C, contained the isolates from Europe and the USA. In pathogenicity tests on wheat and maize seedlings, group C isolates were more pathogenic than the group A and B isolates. The isolates were assigned chemotypes based on their ability to produce the trichothecene mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Isolates from group A were equally likely to produce NIV or DON while group B isolates produced predominantly NIV, and group C isolates produced predominantly DON. Within group A, isolates of the two chemotypes were equally pathogenic to wheat but isolates with the NIV chemotype were significantly more pathogenic to maize. The results confirm that distinct genetic groups exist within F. graminearum and demonstrate that these groups have different biological properties, especially with respect to their pathogenicity to two of the most economically important hosts of this pathogen. 相似文献