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挤奶设备直接与奶牛的乳头接触,直接影响乳房健康状况,从而影响原料奶质量。挤奶设备对原料乳质量的影响很大,这一点已经得到认可。挤奶设备如何能够做到尽可能少地降低原料乳的质量呢？笔者认为挤奶设备对原料乳质量的影响的关键点是：挤奶杯奶衬口、内衬、挤奶机工作时的真空压水平、挤奶后挤奶机的清洗情况和滤膜的更换及脉动管和脉动器等。对这些关键点能够及时的检查就能保证原料乳的质量。挤奶机器设备检测要点见表1： 相似文献
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挤奶设备直接与奶牛的奶头接触，直接影响乳房健康状况，从而影响原料奶质量。挤奶机对原料乳质量的影响很大。挤奶机影响原料奶质量的几个关键点为：奶衬、真空压水平、滤膜、脉动器与脉动管、挤奶机的清洗和挤奶机清洗后的清洁度。 相似文献
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谢五生 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2000,(5):24-24
为使乳制品（特别是早餐奶）卫生、鲜美、贮存期长,确保原料奶的质量,减轻劳动强度,我省部分大、中型奶牛场实行了机械化挤奶（以管通式挤奶机为主）,既省工,又省力,确能促进奶牛副业的发展。而机械化挤奶机操作使用不当,作用将适当其反。笔者从事挤奶机管理工作多年,就机械化挤奶过程中应注意的几个问题谈谈肤浅的认识。１ 牛群的选择与管理１．１ 奶爪是同时上下,脉动是恒动的（５５～６０次／ｍｉｎ）,要求４个乳区均匀,泌乳量等同。否则,少奶区将会使乳腺内微血管破裂出血,损坏乳腺,继而使乳房变形、瞎乳头。因而日产奶１… 相似文献
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近年来,随着国内乳业品牌价值的提升,各乳品加工厂对原料奶的质量要求也在不断的提升。优质原料奶不仅要有标准的乳营养成分,还应具有细菌总数低、体细胞数低、不含抗生素、杂质、不掺水等特点。达到质量要求管理是关键。据现代牧场如何通过挤奶厅管理提高原料奶质量做如下阐述。赶牛就是将整群待挤牛从牛舍赶往挤奶厅,挤 相似文献
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挤奶机系由真空泵和挤奶器2部分组成。前者主要包括真空泵、电动机、真空罐、真空调节器、真空压力表等;后者由挤奶桶、搏动器（或脉动器）、集乳器、挤奶杯和某些导管及橡皮管所组成。每套挤奶机包括8～10副挤奶器,可供100～120头母牛挤奶用。 相似文献
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Khol JL Franz S Klein D Lexer D Waiblinger S Luger K Baumgartner W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(1-2):68-73
The teats of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows, divided into two groups, one milked by means of an automatic milking system, the other using a conventional milking parlour, were examined monthly by ultrasonography. Aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different milking machines upon the structures of the bovine teat canal and wall by ultrasonography and thereby evaluate ultrasonography as a research tool for visualisation of different influences on the bovine teat. Length and thickness of the teat canal and teat wall thickness were measured and analysed. During lactation, teat canal length and thickness increased in both groups, teat canal length decreased in conventional milked cows at the end of lactation. Shorter and narrower teat canals were observed in automatic milked cows. Differences between the groups in teat canal length and thickness were determined in early lactation. During lactation teat wall thickness showed a slight increase. Automatic milked cows displayed thinner teat walls than cows milked in the milking parlour. Teat morphology was influenced by the number and duration of lactations, milk yield, quarter of the udder and time and date of examination. It was concluded that the effect of the two different milking machines caused significant differences in bovine teat morphology and that ultrasonography proved to be an appropriate method for visualising influences of the milking technique on the bovine teat. 相似文献
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提高原料奶卫生指标的三种方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提高原料奶的卫生指标根源在奶牛场,但大多数奶农并没有意识到奶牛场规范挤奶程序,保护牛舍环境舒适、干净,维护和清洁挤奶设备是生产优质原料奶的关键,是奶牛场中提高牛奶卫生质量的重要途径。 相似文献
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In a herringbone milking parlour, teat cup liners were deliberately contaminated in turn with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Sterp uberis. Contamination was achieved by filling the liners with milk that contained 10(6) test organisms per ml. After the clusters had been back-flushed with water at 85 degrees C for five seconds, normal swabbing methods failed to recover any contaminating organisms from the teat liners in 56 tests out of 64. After 10 seconds back-flushing no recoveries were made in the same number of tests. The apparatus developed to effect this back-flushing for a particular herringbone parlour is described, with details of its routine use during milking. For a 100-cow herd, the running cost of such equipment using a five-second back-flush is estimated at no more than 4 pounds per week and, in its present form, would not add more than 10 seconds to the total milking time for each cow. Improvements in design of the apparatus, and in milking techniques arising from the routine use of the device, are also considered. 相似文献
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An acute outbreak of mastitis and arthritis in a herd of 700 goats required the destruction of all but the few animals that were held for observation. The milk of nearly all of about 400 lactating does contained almost pure cultures of Mycoplasma putrefaciens with counts in 150 samples up to 1 X 10(9) colony forming units/ml. At post mortem examination the joints of both the adults and kids contained a fibrinopurulent discharge. M putrefaciens was isolated in pure cultures and large numbers from joints, tissues and fluid not previously known to harbour this mycoplasma: brain, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, uterus and urine. The outbreak was milkborne and initiated by infusion of the pathogen into the teat canal by poor hygiene in the milking parlour and by feeding raw colostrum to kids. All but 12 of the herd of 700 goats were killed or sold for slaughter. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage of dairy sheep in farms producing cheeses manufactured with raw ewe's milk. The study showed that 29% of ewes carried S. aureus in their nares. The genetic diversity of the 136 isolates recovered from the anterior nares of the ewes, from the ambient air of the milking parlour and from cheeses was investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA SmaI digests. The genotyping results showed that 75 out of 106 isolates recovered from nasal carriage in dairy sheep belonged to a dominant pattern (previously named OV) and a genetically related pattern (named OV'). The same profile (OV or OV') was found in the ambient air and cheeses, suggesting a continuum between isolates within these different compartments. 相似文献
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A sample of dairy farms in Great Britain with a monthly bulk milk somatic cell count of less than 150,000 cells/ml was enrolled into a 12-month prospective study. At the end of the study, a questionnaire on milking practice and other farm management practices was sent to the 482 farmers who had collected data on the occurrence of mastitis throughout the 12 months. The response rate was 93 per cent. The reported mean incidence of clinical mastitis was 36.9 cases per 100 cow-years. Factors associated with an increase in the incidence of clinical mastitis were cleaning out the straw yard less frequently than every six weeks, more than 5 per cent of cows leaking milk outside the parlour, checking the foremilk, wearing gloves during milking, an average annual milk yield of more than 7000 litres per cow, dipping or spraying teats before milking and keeping milk with a high somatic cell count out of the bulk tank. Factors associated with a decrease in the incidence of clinical mastitis were using a cloth to dry the teats after washing them as part of premilking preparation, using calving boxes for less than 40 per cent of calvings, and using both cubicles and straw yards to house dry cows, as opposed to other housing. 相似文献
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Köster G Tenhagen BA Scheibe N Heuwieser W 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(4):209-214
The objective of this study was to examine the influences of different milking practices on cow udder health in 80 large dairy herds (range 100-1100 cows) in Brandenburg, Germany. Milking practices were evaluated during one complete milking using a standardized data capture form. The somatic cell count (SCC) of all lactating cows on each farm was determined monthly by the local milk recording association 'Landeskontrollverband Brandenburg'. Factor analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the different aspects of the milking practices. The components extracted by the factor analysis were examined for their influence on the SCC of the current month (CMSCC) and the year before the visit (YASCC) using univariate analysis of variance. Three components were extracted from the milking practices. 'Reasonable use of water' was significantly related to CMSCC (P = 0.019) and YASCC (P = 0.003). It included information on the use of a hose to clean udders before milking, cleaning of the floor between groups and use of water to clean teats. 'Attention of the milkers' was also significantly associated with CMSCC (P = 0.012) and YASCC (P = 0.014). It included information on the accuracy of mastitis detection by foremilk screening and the regular use of post-milking teat and cluster disinfection. The component 'preparation routines' (method of udder cleaning and forestripping) did not significantly influence CMSCC and YASCC. These results indicate that excessive use of water in the parlour during milking time is harmful to udder health and that the consistency of procedures in the milking parlour presents significant room for improvement in large dairy herds in Brandenburg. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探析我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体乳蛋白的水平、分布和影响因素。利用SAS9．0的GLM过程,统计分析覆盖16省（市、区）,33个规模奶牛场,23351头中国荷斯坦牛,从2007年至2009年连续3年的237430个奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率检测记录。分析表明,我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率平均3．28±0．22％。其中,乳蛋白率大于等于2．95％的奶牛个体占80．2％,所提供乳蛋白量占群体混合样生鲜乳总蛋白量的79．3％。奶牛的胎次、产奶阶段、产奶量、乳脂率、体细胞数、泌乳季节、泌乳月份都极显著影响奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率（P〈0．01）;饲养区域、奶牛场和年度总体显著影响奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率（P〈0．05）。我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率主要处于2．95％以上（〉80％）,合理调控各种影响因素,可有效提高生鲜乳的乳蛋白率。 相似文献