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《渔业科学进展》2016,(3)
为探索海萝(Gloiopeltis furcata)藻体的陆地工厂化养殖,分三部分实验进行研究:(1)不同长度(0.5、1、1.5 cm)和断开部位(从基部断开、从顶部断开和从藻体分叉处断开)的海萝藻体培养;(2)不同培养密度(0.5、1、2、4 g/L)和培养容器(方形水槽、圆柱形透明塑料薄膜容器和亚克力筒);(3)不同风干方式(自然风干、培养箱风干和空调加风扇吹干)和保存温度(4、–18℃)对保存后藻体存活率的影响。结果显示,不同断开部位对相同长度的藻体生长影响不显著(P0.05);较小藻体(0.5 cm)的生长速率显著低于其他各组(1.0、1.5 cm)(P0.05);方形水槽中海萝藻体的生长速率显著低于亚克力筒和塑料薄膜装置中(P0.05);随着培养密度的增加,海萝的日特定生长率呈显著的下降趋势(P0.05);以空调加风扇方式进行风干的藻体成活率最高(P0.05),在?18℃保存6个月,其成活率为93.8%;在4℃下保存1个月,各组藻体的成活率都为0。较好的条件组合为:进行陆地工厂化养殖的海萝规格应大于0.5 cm,合适的培养密度范围为0.5?1 g/L;成本低且高效的塑料薄膜装置是海萝藻体培养的适宜容器;采用保存海萝藻体于?18℃的方法可使海萝陆地工厂化养殖或相关研究不受制于海萝生长季节,可按需要进行。 相似文献
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调查研究了广东沿海海萝属藻类的种类、分布、生长与繁殖特征。广东沿海以海萝、鹿角海萝为主,扁平海萝仅为局部分布,其中海萝的最高生物量可达2801.1g.m-2。粤西海域资源量小于粤东海域,大亚湾为全省该资源最丰富的海域。海萝属藻类分布于月平均表层盐度不低于20的高盐、高透明度海域,在水平分布上鹿角海萝的外海性特征更明显。海萝主要分布于中潮区,鹿角海萝的垂直分布略低于海萝,海萝属藻体能忍耐退潮干露6～8h的能力。调查表明,海萝属藻类生长季节的表层水温一般为23℃以下,生长中期水温低于18℃时生长快,藻体消长存在明显季节变化。广东沿岸海萝生殖器官形成于12月至翌年4月,鹿角海萝生殖器官形成于1～4月。 相似文献
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营养盐对海萝生长和藻体生化成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同营养盐添加量对海萝(Gloiopeltis furcata)盘状体萌发、生长、成活以及藻体生长和生化成分的影响。海萝盘状体和海萝藻体分别培养于添加不同质量浓度的营养盐[硝酸钠(Na NO3)0 mg·L-1、10 mg·L-1、40 mg·L-1、80 mg·L-1、10 mg·L-1、40 mg·L-1、80 mg·L-1和相对应磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)0 mg·L-1、0 mg·L-1、0 mg·L-1、0 mg·L-1、1 mg·L-1、4 mg·L-1、8 mg·L-1]的天然海水中。结果表明,添加营养盐的各组盘状体萌发出直立体的百分率和成活率没有比空白对照组的高;添加营养盐的各组藻体质量与空白对照组没有显著性差异,但添加Na NO3质量浓度为40~80 mg·L-1组的叶绿素a和藻红蛋白含量则明显高于空白对照组(P0.05)。研究结果显示,海萝盘状体阶段可不添加营养盐进行培养;藻体阶段可添加Na NO310~40 mg·L-1和K2HPO44mg·L-1进行培养。 相似文献
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研究了温度、光照强度、盐度和营养盐对海萝（Gloiopeltis furcata）藻体生长的影响以及 pH、干露、淡水浸泡对藻体成活的影响。海萝藻体分别培养在不同温度（10℃、14℃、18℃、22℃和26℃）、不同光照强度（2500 lx、4500 lx、6500 lx、8500 lx 和10500 lx）、不同盐度（15.5、18.0、20.5、23.0、25.5、28.0、30.5、33.0、35.5和38.0）和添加不同质量浓度的营养盐[硝酸钠（NaNO3）10 mg·L -1、20 mg·L -1、40 mg·L -1、80 mg· L -1和相对应的磷酸氢二钾（K2 HPO4）1 mg·L -1、2 mg·L -1、4 mg·L -1、8 mg·L -1]21 d。结果表明,海萝藻体生长的最合适温度为10～14℃,光照强度为6500～10500 lx,盐度为18～38;不同营养盐质量浓度对藻体生长的影响不明显。海萝藻体在不同 pH（5.5～10.0）条件下培养10 d,结果显示藻体正常成活的 pH 范围为6.5～9.0。海萝藻体分别经不同时间的阴干、泡淡水、晒干,结果显示阴干24～48 h 或泡淡水24～48 h 以下藻体仍然能够正常成活;阴干3 h 后泡淡水3 h,藻体也能正常成活;在阳光下晒干超过2 h,藻体不能正常成活。 相似文献
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通过4个试验研究了盐度对海萝（Gloiopeltisfurcata）孢子附着、萌发及成活的影响。1）不同盐度（16．0—38．5）对海萝种藻所释放孢子的影响。2）不同盐度（13．5～41．0）对海萝孢子附着、萌发和成活的影响。3）不同盐度（6．0—66．0）对已附着24h、48h孢子发生体成活的影响。4）淡水浸泡不同时间（2h、4h、6h和8h）对已附着24h、48h孢子发生体成活的影响。结果表明，盐度为23．5～36．0时海萝种藻释放的孢子能正常附着和萌发；海萝孢子附着、萌发及成活的合适盐度为31．0～36．0；盐度为31．0～56．0时对已附着24h海萝孢子发生体的成活没有影响，不同时间的淡水浸泡则对其成活有影响；盐度为16．0～61．0或者2h的淡水浸泡对已附着48h孢子发生体的成活没有影响。 相似文献
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采用单因素分析法,比较研究了添加3种外源植物生长调节剂(吲哚乙酸IAA、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸2,4-D、激动素KT)对野生型坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)自由丝状体生长及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低浓度的IAA(0.5~4.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))对藻体的特定生长率有显著影响,以2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT对藻体的促生长效应最大,培养25 d时藻体鲜重增加最大,分别是对照组的1.90倍和1.52倍(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(4.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))却会抑制藻体生长(P0.05)。培养25 d时,与对照组相比,2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT均有利于叶绿素a(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)的合成,Chl a含量分别增加了23.7%和23.8%;Car含量分别增加了31.0%和28.6%(P0.05)。然而,高浓度的IAA和KT(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))不利于Chl a的合成,其处理浓度越高,Chl a含量下降越多。与对照组相比,较低浓度的IAA(1.0~2.0 mg·L~(-1))明显促进藻红蛋白(PE)和藻蓝蛋白(PC)合成,其中2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA处理组PE、PC含量最高,分别增加了59.1%和45.7%(P0.05)。较低浓度的KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))均有利于PE、PC合成,其中0.5 mg·L~(-1)KT处理组的PE、PC含量增加最多,分别提高了48.4%和50.5%(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(10.0 mg·L~(-1))则明显降低了PE、PC合成(P0.05)。2,4-D对藻体的特定生长率和光合色素合成无显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
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补充CO2对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了优化光生物反应器培养微藻的条件,研究了在充空气的基础补充CO2对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaceae closterium)生长和光合作用的影响.实验表明,补充CO2(含1 000μL/L CO2的空气)促进新月菱形藻的生长,藻细胞密度和生物量显著高于对照组(CO2含量350μL/L)(P＜0.05).补充CO2也能够提高藻细胞叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量(P＜0.05),但是对叶绿素b没有显著影响(P＞0.05).补充CO2能够显著提高指数生长期的最大光合速率(Pm)、光合作用效率(α)和光合作用饱和光强(Ik)(P＜0.05).结果表明,CO2是光生物反应器培养微藻的限制因子之一,补充CO2能够提高微藻的生物量. 相似文献
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采用实验生态学方法研究了不同质量浓度Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)生长及光合生理的影响。实验设置Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L、0.025 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.25 mg/L和0.5 mg/L,Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L、1 mg/L、2 mg/L和4 mg/L,以未添加重金属的实验组为对照,持续培养7 d,分别测定不同处理藻体的生长速率、光合放氧速率、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光和光合碳代谢途径中关键酶活等生理生化指标。结果表明,在Hg~(2+)胁迫下,藻体特定生长率(SGR)显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度达到0.5 mg/L时藻体出现负增长;光合放氧速率降低35.48%~77.59%;叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量显著下降(P0.05),Hg~(2+)质量浓度高于0.1 mg/L时藻体藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);最大光合效率(F_v/F_m)和实际光合效率(Y(Ⅱ))随着Hg~(2+)浓度增加先降低后升高,0.05 mg/L时出现第二个峰值,丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)也出现相似趋势。藻体对Pb~(2+)的敏感程度低于Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时,光合产氧速率显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度到达1 mg/L时,藻体SGR和叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素出现显著下降(P0.05),而叶绿素荧光参数和藻蓝蛋白含量则无显著性差异;Pb~(2+)质量浓度达到4 mg/L时1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBiSCO)出现显著下降(P0.05),PPDK酶活性则显著上升(P0.05)。实验结果证实:重金属Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠的生长和光合作用都有不利影响,藻体对Hg~(2+)胁迫的敏感度要高于Pb~(2+),Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L时,藻体出现胁迫,并随着浓度的增加而加剧,Pb~(2+)质量浓度超过1 mg/L时,藻体胁迫明显。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献