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本文介绍了农业机械机器的视觉导航的结构及相关特点,我们提出了农业机械机器视觉导航的关键技术,包括农业机械机器的导航规划技术、信息处理视觉技术、转向控制技术,文章分析了农业机械机器视觉导航技术存在问题及未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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机器视觉又称计算机视觉,指人类设计并在计算机环境下实现的模拟或再现与人类视觉有关的某些智能行为的技术,如对印刷与手写文字识别、图像模式识别和物体三维表面形状知识与距离、速度感知等.机器视觉技术在农业上的研究与应用始于20世纪70年代末期,主要研究集中于农产品分选机械中利用机器视觉对农产品进行品质检测与分级.由于受当时计算机发展水平的影响,检测速度达不到实时要求,处于实验研究阶段.随着电子技术、计算机软硬件技术、图像处理技术及与人类视觉相关的生理技术的迅速发展,机器视觉技术本身在理论和实践上都取得了重大突破,除农产品分选机械外,目前该技术已经渗透到农产品鉴定、农作物生长、农产品收获等多个领域. 相似文献
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随着科学技术的飞速发展,机器视觉技术在不同的应用场景下取得了良好的效果。机器视觉技术通过卷积神经网络、YOLO等模型,可以实现目标检测、目标分类、位置识别等。实践证明,农业机器人进一步结合机器视觉技术可以极大地提高农业智能化水平。基于此,课题组介绍了机器视觉技术在农业中的应用场景,详细分析了农业机器人的定位解决方案,结合单目相机提出了实现目标定位的方法,结合图像特征点提出了农业机器人位置的确定方法。结果表明,机器视觉技术能够实现农业机器人的精确定位,有利于农业的智慧化、自动化发展。 相似文献
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机器视觉技术在精细农业中的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
精细农业以节约投入、增加产出、提高投入物利用率、减少环境污染为目的.快速、准确地采集各种农田信息,有效地监测农业对象是实施精细农业的重要基础.机器视觉技术由于其非破坏性、精度高、成本效率高、信息量大、灵活等特点,在精细农业中得到了广泛的应用.为此,通过对大量参考文献进行分析,发现机器视觉在精细农业中的主要研究方向集中在农业机械自动导航、作物生长信息检测、变量控制等方面.同时,对机器视觉技术在上述领域中的研究情况进行分析和总结,并讨论了未来机器视觉技术在精细农业中应用存在的问题以及发展前景. 相似文献
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机器视觉在除草机器人中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着农业自动化技术和农业机器人技术的发展,许多国家和企业开始致力于机器视觉除草机器人的试验与研究。为此,在介绍机器视觉技术系统的基础上,结合除草机器人苗草识别的试验,讨论了机器视觉系统在除草机器人中的应用,详细分析了基于机器视觉的苗草识别系统,并优化其系统的硬件、软件结构、功能以及原理等。 相似文献
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随着计算机和图像处理技术的发展,机器视觉技术的研究和应用已扩展到农业生产领域,并取得了许多重要研究成果。阐述了机器视觉技术在农业生产各领域(水果的自动分选、种子和粮食品质的检测、农产品异物检测、农田作业机械、植物生长情况监测及动物生产中)的应用,为进一步应用机器视觉技术提供参考。 相似文献
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机器视觉技术在农产品分级分选中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
机器视觉技术在农业自动化领域中的应用得到了广泛研究.为此,针对机器视觉技术在农产品分级分选自动化方面的研究情况进行了综述;同时,介绍了目前比较成熟的分级分选设备,并提出了机器视觉技术在农产品分级分选应用中存在的问题及发展方向. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献