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1.
苍山大蒜是全国著名的地方特产蔬菜之一,是传统的出口创汇优势产品,已成为苍山县经济发展的重要支柱产业。但近年来由于大蒜病毒病流行感染,导致品种种性退化,产量、质量下降,商品率特别是出口合格率降低,严重影响了大蒜生产发展和出口创汇。为此,我们于1997-2002年对脱毒苍山大蒜的增产效果及应用价值进行了试验研究,为今后提高大蒜产量和品质提供依据。1材料与方法1.1供试品种脱毒后的蒲棵、糙蒜、高脚子三个品种(原种二代),并设未脱毒蒲棵、糙蒜、高脚子作对照。1.2试验区设置采用小区对比方法,小区长9m,宽1.3m,面积11.7m2,顺序排列,重复… 相似文献
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苍山大蒜脱毒繁殖技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用热处理、茎尖二次培养和在增殖培养基中加入病毒唑对苍山大蒜进行了组培脱毒研究。经间接酶免疫吸附试验法对脱毒试管苗及微鳞茎进行病毒检测,结果去除了大蒜花叶病毒(GMV)、洋葱黄矮病毒(GLV)和大蒜退化病毒(GDV);经田间试验,脱毒蒜增产效果显著,并保持原品种的遗传特性。 相似文献
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苍山大蒜的选留种和提纯复壮技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苍山大蒜是山东省的名优蔬菜之一 ,具有头大瓣齐 ,色白皮薄 ,粘辣郁香和营养丰富等特点。但近几年来 ,苍山大蒜生产中存在一些问题 ,如蒜头变小 ,蒜头及蒜薹品质下降 ,产量降低。造成这些问题的原因 ,除栽培技术外 ,主要是蒜农不注意大蒜种的选留 ,种子质量较差 ,退化逐年加重。苍山县种子公司针对上述问题 ,在苍山大蒜的选留种和提纯复壮技术方面进行多年的探索 ,研究出一整套完善的大蒜良种繁育技术 ,每年生产经提纯复壮的苍山大蒜良种 2 0 0万 kg供应省内外蒜区 ,受到各地蒜农的好评。气生鳞茎繁种 为提高大蒜的种性和蒜种的活力 ,可用… 相似文献
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通过马铃薯茎尖培养获得脱毒苗 ,再试管快繁脱毒植株 ,在防蚜温室育苗盘微繁 ,获得脱毒小型薯 ,并繁殖 3～ 4代 ,即成为生产用脱毒种薯。目前 ,山东省种植的脱毒种薯是利用微型脱毒小薯在高寒地区繁殖几代后运回 ,成本比普通种薯高 ,但推广脱毒种薯一般比未脱毒马铃薯增产 50 %。苍山县种子公司在推广脱毒薯的同时 ,在规定使用年限内研究高倍快繁和防止蚜虫重新传毒等项技术 ,使种薯退化速度减慢 ,保持繁种和推广的高质量 ,高效益。现将研究结果介绍如下 :1 脱毒马铃薯特点以鲁引 1号为例 ,脱毒马铃薯生长势强 ,比未脱毒薯增加株高 2 5%、… 相似文献
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应用脱毒甘薯是当前甘薯生产中最有效的增产措施,一般较未脱毒甘薯增产30％。脱毒甘薯的种薯（苗）与未脱毒甘薯在外观形态上有一些细微的差别,在缺乏经验而又没有对比的情况下,一般很难区分开。在引种、繁种及种薯（苗）销售时,应杜绝脱毒种薯（苗）与未脱毒种薯（苗）的鱼目混珠,防止以假乱真,避免坑农害农。同时,脱毒甘薯有其自身特点,在栽培上应采取相应措施。山东省苍山县种子公司以主栽品种涂薯18为例,经多年总结,现将脱毒甘薯形态以及栽培实践经验介绍如下。1形态特征薯苗发很数量的差异脱毒鲁苗根条数明显比未脱毒薯苗少… 相似文献
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为了探索马铃薯通过茎尖脱毒后在自然条件下种植几代还能发挥其脱毒效应,以马铃薯新品种毕引1号为试验材料,设置脱毒1代、脱毒2代、脱毒3代、脱毒4代、脱毒5代和未脱毒6个处理进行研究。研究结果:脱毒1～5代均表现植株生长旺盛、抗性强、产量高,产量为2 054.53～2 160.86 kg/667 m2,比对照增产14.16%～20.07%。这充分说明马铃薯新品种毕引1号退化速度比较缓慢,通过茎尖脱毒后,在开放自然条件下连续种植5年以上。如果在种薯繁殖过程中,采取相应的保种措施,还可增加其脱毒后的使用代数,从而降低脱毒种薯生产成本,加速脱毒种薯推广应用,推进马铃薯产业发展。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献