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1.
应用红细胞C3b受体花环试验和红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环试验方法，证实兴国红鲤(Cyprinuscarpio.var.singguonensis)、玻璃红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)、荷包红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)及瓯江彩鲤(C.carpio.var.color)的红细胞表面都存在C3b补体受体，均可形成花环；红鲤的红细胞免疫粘附能力存在着种群间差异，上述2种花环试验的花环率大小的顺序均是：兴国红鲤＞荷包红鲤＞瓯江彩鲤＞玻璃红鲤，差异都极显著(P＜0．01)；4群体红鲤的红细胞均具有吞噬作用。结果证实，鱼类红细胞免疫功能在机体防御病原的过程中占有重要地位。 相似文献
2.
正建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)是中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心人工育成的我国第一个遗传性状比较稳定的优良鱼类养殖新品种。它是选择母本荷包红鲤与父本元江鲤杂交后代作为育种基础群,选育出F4长型品系与两个原始亲本相同、选择指标一致的雌核发育系相结合,并进行横交固定,其子代(F5和F6)的遗传性状稳定性和一致性达到95%以上,定名为建鲤。建鲤生长快,生长速度较荷包红鲤、元 相似文献
3.
本研究从粤北地区具有代表性的养殖基地随机取禾花鱼67尾,对其形态进行拍照测量和统计分析,依据形态比例数据可将目前养殖的禾花鱼分为偏向修长型和偏向团圆型两类,与目前已有报道的6种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)的形态学数据进行主成分分析。结果显示,在以总体体型为特征的第1主成分中,长体型禾花鱼与兴国红鲤(C. carpio var. Xingguonensis)、镜鲤(C. carpio var. specularis)和建鲤(C. carpio var. Jian)聚在一起,而与和瓯江彩鲤(C. carpio var. color)、荷包红鲤(C.carpio var. wuyuannensis)聚在一起的团圆体型禾花鱼区分开;在以头部形态为特征的第2主成分中,长体型禾花鱼与团圆体型禾花鱼聚在一起,而与镜鲤和欧江彩鲤区分开。形态学聚类分析结果显示,长体型禾花鱼与兴国红鲤、镜鲤、黄河鲤和建鲤聚合为一支,荷包红鲤与瓯江彩鲤聚为另一支,而团圆体型的禾花鱼介于两支之间。COⅡ基因测序及聚类分析结果表明,禾花鱼为鲤属鲤种的一个群体,2种体型禾花鱼的COⅡ多态位点比例仅为0.33%。以上研究结果可为禾花鱼的下一步选育提供参考资料。 相似文献
4.
《中国水产》2018,(10)
正一、品种概况(一)培育背景鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)是我国受人们欢迎的重要淡水经济鱼类之一,其种类繁多、分布广,经人工和自然选择后呈现许多形态和遗传变异。国内重要的野生和养殖鲤群体有黄河鲤(C. carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)、黑龙江鲤(C. carpio haematopterus)、荷包红鲤(C. carpio var. wuyuanensis)和兴国红鲤(C.carpio var. xingguonensis)等。中国养殖鲤的历史悠久,鲤发挥了重要的社会经济作用。然而,鲤的育种开始于上世纪70年代,通过杂交手段获得了 相似文献
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6.
荷包红鲤（Cyprinus carpio val．wuyuanensis），隶属于鲤形目、鲤科、鲤属，是我国重要的淡水养殖品种之一，它适应性广、生长快、繁殖能力强，经选育已成为经济性状优良，深受水产养殖界和消费者欢迎的品种之一，并已在全国推广养殖。 相似文献
7.
6个野生与选育鲤群体的微卫星遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用12个微卫星标记对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的4个野生群体[清水江鲤、太湖鲤、黄河鲤(C.carpio haematopterus)和黑龙江鲤(C.carpio amurensis)]和2个选育群体[福瑞鲤(C.carpio var.FFRC)和松浦镜鲤(C.carpio var.specularis'Song-pu')]共208尾个体进行遗传分析。结果显示,12个位点共检测到341个等位基因,平均等位基因数为28.67,其中1个位点(HLJ1127)检测到正向选择压力;选育群体的遗传多样性参数普遍低于野生群体,其中松浦镜鲤群体的各项参数均值最低(Na=6.82,Ho=0.54,PIC=0.50),清水江鲤群体的各项参数均值最高(Na=21.25,Ho=0.80,PIC=0.91);分子方差分析显示,整体遗传变异主要来自群体内,但群体间呈极显著遗传分化(P0.01);基于群体Nei's遗传距离的UPGMA聚类树和PCo A分析表明,鲤4个野生群体间遗传距离较近,而与2个人工选育群体间遗传距离较远;基于个体遗传结构及PCo A分析显示部分野生个体遗传结构比较混杂,而选育个体的遗传结构则相对单一。研究表明,中国鲤野生资源具有较高的遗传多态性,而人工选育群体维持着较纯的遗传种质。 相似文献
8.
黑龙江水产研究所鲤育种概要 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文主要概述黑龙江水产研究所鲤Cyprinus carpio育种工作历史,介绍杂交选育亲本的来源与生物学特点以及育成品种的选育方法、技术路线和优良性状。通过引入国内外名优鲤,采用常规杂交选育、多性状遗传分析和分子辅助育种等方法,本土化培育出多个适合北方寒冷地区养殖的鲤新品种。采用的亲本包括黑龙江鲤C.C.amurensis、荷包红鲤C.C.var.wuyuanensis、散鳞镜鲤C.C.var.specularis amurensis、德国镜鲤C.C.var.S.germanensis和大头鲤C.pellegrini。育成品种包括荷包红鲤抗寒品系、松浦鲤C.C.'Songpu'、松荷鲤C.C.'Songhe、松浦红镜鲤C.C.'Songpu red mirror'、德国镜鲤选育系F_4、松浦镜鲤C.C.var.S.'Songpu'和易捕鲤。这些品种都具有抗寒、抗逆、易捕和快速生长等特性,适合北方以及全国各地养殖,其中松荷鲤、松浦镜鲤占有很大的市场份额,为我国的渔业发展做出了巨大的贡献。 相似文献
9.
利用筛选出鲤（Cyprinus carpio）的15对多态性较高的微卫星引物,分析其与黄河鲤（C．carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel）、建鲤（C．carpio var．jian）和黑龙江野鲤（C．carpio haematopterus）群体中90个个体的体质量、体长、体厚和体高性状的相关性．利用SAS的一般线性模制（GLM）对15个微卫星标记与3个鲤群体的生长性状进行显著性检验。结果表明,Mfw5与黄河鲤的体高相关（P〈0．05）;Hlj013、Cca09和Mfw7均与建鲤的体质量、体长和体高相关（P〈0．05）;Mfw2与建鲤的体质量和体厚相关（P〈0．05）;Mfw29与建鲤的体质量相关（P〈0．05）;Mfw6与黑龙江野鲤的体质量、体长、体厚和体高均相关（P〈0．05）;Mfw4与黑龙江野鲤的体质量、体长和体高相关（P〈0．05）;Mfw11与黑龙江野鲤的体厚和体高相关（P〈0．05）。对同一性状不同基因型间进行多重比较,找到3个群体中与生长性状相关的基因型。 相似文献
10.
荷元鲤(荷包红鲤_♀×元江鲤_♂)杂种优势利用及性状遗传的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国家水产总局长江水产研究所育种室鲤鱼组 《淡水渔业》1981,(3)
<正> 前言鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)在我国淡水鱼类资源和淡水养殖业中居有重要地位。为了提高鲤鱼的生产性能,改良某些经济性状,近年来,鲤鱼的良种选育及杂种优势利用的研究日益受到人们的重视,并取得了一定的成绩。我所于1973年引进元江鲤(Cyprinus carpio yuankiang Wu et al.)、荷包红鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis)等鲤鱼后,1974年以来,以荷包红鲤和元江鲤为主体进行了多组合杂交,并对其子一代进行了试养观察,其中以荷包红鲤♀×元江鲤♂长势较好。几年来,在我国各地试养的 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献