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核酸疫苗的免疫效果与安全性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
核酸疫苗是通过基因重组手段将编码某种抗原蛋白质的基因与载体重组后直接导入动物体内,在宿主体内表达抗原从而引起机体免疫应答的新型疫苗,是一种与传统疫苗截然不同的新型疫苗,被誉为第三代疫苗。核酸疫苗可诱导细胞免疫并可抵抗母源抗体干扰,它的诞生给基因治疗和免疫学领域带来了不可估量的前景。核酸疫苗目的基因、质粒载体的选择,接种剂量以及应用的佐剂等因素直接影响到核酸疫苗的免疫效果。DNA疫苗自诞生以来,其安全性一直是人们关心的问题,也是DNA疫苗得以日后应用于临床的关键。 相似文献
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禽流感（avian influenza,AI）是由禽流感病毒（AIV）引起的一种禽类烈性综合征,威胁动物和人类公共健康,严重影响中国养禽业发展,接种疫苗一直是控制禽流感病毒传播最有效的手段。基于基因工程技术的不断发展,各种新型疫苗相继研发并投入使用。其中,禽流感DNA疫苗具有安全性高、制备方法简单、易于储藏和运输等优点,受到了广泛关注。常见的禽流感疫苗有HA DNA疫苗、NA DNA疫苗、M DNA疫苗、NP DNA疫苗等。禽流感DNA疫苗是将含有目的基因序列的重组质粒导入动物细胞,诱导动物机体产生体液和细胞免疫应答。为了提高禽流感DNA疫苗的免疫效果,国内外学者通过添加合适的佐剂、将目的基因导入理想质粒载体、对抗原序列优化,增强DNA疫苗的转染效率和基因表达水平,取得了一定的研究成果。自DNA疫苗开始研发至今,H1、H3、H5、H7、H9等众多亚型禽流感DNA疫苗逐步研发。2018年,由中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的禽流感H5亚型DNA疫苗获得国家一类新兽药证书,是中国首个获得批准的禽流感DNA疫苗,极大地推动了DNA疫苗的发展。文章主要论述了禽流感DNA疫苗的载体构建、免疫机制、佐剂和载体选择以及疫苗研发等方面的研究进展和创新,并对其应用前景进行简要分析,旨在为科研工作者研制新型禽流感疫苗提供新的思路和参考。 相似文献
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DNA疫苗与传统疫苗相比,其效力更强且安全性更高,且生产制备的难度较低,对运输储存的环境要求较低,在细菌、病毒等导致的感染性疾病预防和自身免疫疾病、肿瘤等的治疗上都可以应用,因而也得到了医学界的广泛重视.目前业内针对DNA疫苗的接种途径、免疫原性以及表达水平等问题进行了大量的研究,随着研究的深入和生产技术的进步DNA疫苗将得到越来越多的应用.本文结合DNA疫苗的免疫机理,就其在动物医学中的应用进行了阐述. 相似文献
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核酸疫苗(nucle ic acid vaccine)也称基因疫苗(genetic vaccine)或DNA疫苗(DNAbased immunization),是指将含有编码某种抗原蛋白的外源基因与质粒重组后直接导入动物细胞内,并通过宿主细胞的转录系统合成抗原蛋白,诱导宿主产生对该抗原蛋白的免疫应答,以达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。核酸疫苗包括DNA疫苗和RNA疫苗。 相似文献
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核酸免疫是利用重组DNA技术将保护性抗原蛋白基因克隆到真核表达载体,并将其直接导入体内,使抗原蛋白经过内源性表达递呈给免疫系统,诱发机体产生特异性的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。核酸免疫也称DNA免疫或基因免疫。用于免疫注射的质粒DNA称为核酸疫苗(nucleicacidvaccine)或DNA疫苗(DNAvaccine)。核酸疫苗不同于传统的弱毒苗、灭活疫苗及蛋白亚单位苗,它是带有特异抗原基因的真核表达质粒。1 核酸免疫的发展核酸免疫是随着现代分子生物学和免疫学的发展而产生的。70年代末,Israel等将纯化的多瘤病毒DNA直接注射小鼠,证实裸DNA可被… 相似文献
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到正规的疫苗经销商采购合格疫苗(疫苗应有生产厂家、生产批号、生产日期等标示)；疫苗在运输过程中，要求在避光、低温冷冻(有的疫苗要求冷藏)、防震的条件下运输(如用泡沫箱，加适量的冰块和棉花等，合上箱盖)，尽快到达目的地，到达后检查有无破损、疫苗解冻现象，若无则按疫苗要求保存的温度，分开放冰箱的冷藏室和冷冻室保存，并做好入库记录。经常检查冰箱温度；及时清除冷冻箱里的冰霜，以免影响冰箱的制冷效果，做好温度检查记录等。 相似文献
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一、DNA疫苗的免疫机理DNA疫苗(DNA vaccine)又称基因疫苗、核酸疫苗,由病原抗原编码基因及质粒载体两部分组成。抗原基因可以是单个基因或完整的一组基因,也可以是编码抗原决定簇的一段核苷酸序列,质粒载体可在真核细胞中表达外源基因。DNA疫苗是将编码目的抗原蛋 相似文献
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动物核酸疫苗研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
核酸疫苗又称为基因疫苗、DNA疫苗,是20世纪90年代初从基因治疗研究领域发展起来的一种全新疫苗,具有能够激发机体体液和细胞免疫反应、不散毒、便于储存和运输等优点,是近年来研究的一个热点。抗原编码基因的选择、质粒的构建(包括启动子和增强子以及内含子的选择)、各种佐剂的应用以及疫苗接种方法和途径等因素可以提高和改变DNA疫苗的免疫效果与反应类型,已经有很多研究试图通过改变这些因素来提高DNA疫苗的免疫效果,为研制出高效实用的DNA疫苗提供了许多新思路。重要动物传染病包括流感、鸡新城疫、口蹄疫等的核酸疫苗得到了较深入研究,为其他疾病核酸疫苗的研究提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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"自杀性"DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
核酸疫苗又称基因疫苗、DNA疫苗 ,是从基因治疗研究领域发展起来的一种全新的免疫防制剂。核酸疫苗具有许多优点 ,但是同时也有其不可避免的缺陷 ,这就使人们不得不把注意力集中在对传统的核酸疫苗进行改造以保持其优点 ,避免其缺陷上。“自杀性”DNA疫苗(suicidalDNAvaccine)就是基于常规DNA疫苗和“自主复制型”RNA疫苗 (self replicatingRNAvaccine)基础上发展起来的一种新型疫苗 ,不仅具有常规DNA疫苗易制备、运输、保存等方面的优点 ,而且还有“自主复制型”RNA疫苗的安全性与有效性 ,这使得其成为目前核酸疫苗研究的热点。文章就“自杀性”DNA疫苗的载体、构建、作用机理、优点以及研究现状作了综述 相似文献
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A novel transcutaneous plasmid-dimethylsulfoxide delivery technique for avian nucleic acid immunization 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Heckert RA Elankumaran S Oshop GL Vakharia VN 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(1-2):67-81
In this report, we show that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) enhances liposome-mediated transfection of nucleic acid in chicken macrophage cells and that this could be exploited for the transcutaneous delivery of naked DNA through the intact skin of chickens. We found that DMSO enhanced transfection efficiencies of lipofectamine and polyethyleneimine in HD-11 chicken macrophage cells. Based on this principle, we showed that transcutaneous delivery of a DNA plasmid-dimethylsulfoxide mixture (1:1) to untreated skin of chickens results in a wide distribution of the plasmid in the body. Distribution studies were done using plasmids encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene and a bivalent DNA vaccine coding for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) immunogenic protein genes. This bivalent vaccine induced mucosal and systemic immune responses, as evidenced by IgA and IgM production in the tears and serum of vaccinated chickens. Mucosal immune responses in the tears after topical vaccination were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than after i.m. delivery of the same DNA vaccine and were characterized by the absence of an IgG response. The biodistribution of plasmid indicated that topical delivery with DMSO resulted in a wide distribution and persistence of the plasmid until 15 weeks post-primary vaccination. Both delivery methods resulted in insert-specific message being made in several body tissues, but after topical delivery the virus-specific mRNA could be detected in the bone marrow of one out of three chickens until 15 weeks post-primary vaccination. Furthermore, transcutaneous delivery of this DNA vaccine using DMSO conferred protection from challenge with virulent IBDV (86% survival) and NDV (86% survival). This novel transcutaneous method of delivery of a DNA vaccine shows promise as being an easy and effective way to deliver nucleic acids through intact skin for vaccination or therapeutic purposes. 相似文献
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Jazayeri M Soleimanjahi H Fotouhi F Pakravan N 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(5):453-461
Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the most common infectious agent in humans that causes genital herpes disease and vaccination is a desirable method to prevent herpes infections. An effective therapeutic vaccine will need to elicit virus-specific immune responses. The route of immunization has important role in immune responses. In this study, DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-gD2) was prepared and injected via intramuscular and footpad routes to determine the optimal method of delivery for immune stimulation. The control manipulation of immune response by concerning route of administration is highly appreciated issue by researches. Although DNA vaccine containing HSV-gD2 is effective in both intramuscular and footpad injection routes, the latter could induce significantly higher cellular responses against HSV-2. 相似文献
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禽类DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新型疫苗的研究对于禽类传染病的防制意义重大。传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,它们大多数激发机体的体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫。脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)疫苗作为第3代疫苗,具备传统疫苗和其它基因工程苗不可比拟的优点,能够诱导全方位的免疫反应且使用更安全更方便,DNA疫苗是将外源基因与真核质粒重组后直接导入细胞内,使外源基因在宿主细胞内表达合成保护性抗原蛋白。这是模拟病毒自然感染提呈过程,既能产生细胞免疫,又能产生体液免疫。文章对DNA疫苗在禽类应用的可行性和应用研究新进展作了综述。 相似文献
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Powder and particle-mediated approaches for delivery of DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dean HJ Fuller D Osorio JE 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):373-388
The epidermis of the skin is both a sensitive immune organ and a practical target site for vaccine administration. However, administration of vaccines into the epidermis is difficult to achieve using conventional vaccine delivery methods employing a needle and syringe. A needle-free vaccine delivery system has been developed that efficiently delivers powdered or particulate DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermal tissue. The delivery system can be used to directly transfect antigen presenting cells (APCs) by formulating DNA or protein vaccines onto gold particles (particle-mediated immunization). Antigen can be directly presented to the immune system by the transfected APCs. Antigen can also be expressed and secreted by transfected keratinocytes and picked up by resident APCs through the exogenous antigen presentation pathway. Alternatively, protein antigens can be formulated into a powder and delivered into the extracellular environment where they are picked up by APCs (epidermal powder immunization). Using any of these formulations, epidermal immunization offers the advantage of efficiently delivering vaccines into the APC-rich epidermis. Recent studies demonstrate that epidermal vaccine delivery induces humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses against infectious diseases in both laboratory animals and man. 相似文献
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DNA Fragment Encoding Human IL-1β 163–171 Peptide Enhances the Immune Responses Elicited in Mice by DNA Vaccine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA vaccine has been tested for protection against foot-and-mouth disease. However, the relatively low efficacy of DNA vaccine in inducing immune responses in large animals has restricted its practical use. Interleukin-1 plays an essential role in amplifying both the cellular and humoral immune responses to foreign antigens, and may therefore represent a good candidate as an adjuvant of DNA vaccines. Since the inflammatory activity of IL-I may restrict its application in DNA vaccine treatment, we explored the possibilities of augmenting immune responses without unwanted inflammatory effects using the IL-1beta fragment (amino acids (aa) 163-171), which is essential for IL-1 receptor-1 binding. The DNA fragment encoding the human IL-1beta fragment (aa 163-171) was fused to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) DNA vaccine, and injected into mice to analyse its immune response. Compared with control mice receiving FMDV DNA vaccine alone, significant increases in the FMDV-specific antibody response and also in T cell proliferation were observed in mice receiving IL-1beta (163-171)-FMDV. These results suggested that DNA fragment encoding IL-1beta 163-171 peptide might represent a good candidate for an adjuvant of FMDV DNA vaccine. 相似文献
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Dunham SP 《Research in veterinary science》2002,73(1):9-16
Nucleic acid immunisation entails the delivery of DNA (or RNA) encoding a vaccine antigen to the recipient. The DNA is taken up by host cells and transcribed to mRNA, from which the vaccine proteins are then translated. The expressed proteins are recognised as foreign by the host immune system and elicit an immune response, which may have both cell-mediated and humoral components. DNA vaccines offer a number of advantages over conventional vaccines, including ease of production, stability and cost. They also allow the production of vaccines against organisms which are difficult or dangerous to culture in the laboratory. This review describes the principles of DNA vaccination and the application of DNA vaccines to veterinary species. Although a great deal of developmental work is required before the technology can give rise to commercial vaccines in domestic animals, there is ongoing research in many fields and it is expected that a number of exciting developments will arise in the next decade. 相似文献
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DNA疫苗佐剂研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA疫苗是近年来发展较为迅速的一类生物制剂,它能诱导动物机体产生持久的体液免疫和细胞免疫,其在抗病毒、细菌和寄生虫的感染方面起到了重要作用。但与传统的灭活疫苗相比,其免疫效果并不理想。为了攻克DNA疫苗免疫效力低下的难题,一些学者已经研制了多种佐剂制品,以提高DNA疫苗对动物疾病免疫保护的能力。文章对使用佐剂提高DNA疫苗免疫效力进行了综述。 相似文献
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De Rose R Tennent J McWaters P Chaplin PJ Wood PR Kimpton W Cahill R Scheerlinck JP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,90(1-2):55-63
DNA vaccination, delivered through various routes, has been used extensively in laboratory animals. Few studies have focused on veterinary species and while results obtained in laboratory animals can often be extrapolated to veterinary species this is not always the case. In this study we have compared the effect of the route of immunisation with DNA on the induction of immune responses and protection of sheep to challenge with live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding an inactivated form of the phospholipase D (PLD) antigen linked to CTLA4-Ig resulted in the induction of a strong memory response and sterile immunity following challenge in 45% of the animals. In contrast, gene gun delivery or subcutaneous (SC) injection of the DNA vaccine induced comparatively poor responses and insignificant levels of protection. Thus, DNA vaccine efficacy in sheep is strongly influenced by the route of vaccination. Amongst intramuscular vaccinates, protected sheep had significantly elevated IgG2 responses compared to unprotected animals, while both subgroups had equivalent IgG1 levels. This suggests that the presence of IgG2 antibodies and hence a Th1-like response, induced by the DNA vaccine gave rise to protective immunity against C. pseudotuberculosis. 相似文献
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New generation vaccines and delivery systems for control of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and wildlife 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Buddle BM Skinner MA Wedlock DN Collins DM de Lisle GW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):177-185
Advances in the understanding of protective immune responses to tuberculosis are providing opportunities for the rational development of improved vaccines for bovine tuberculosis. Protection requires activation of macrophages through stimulation of a Th 1 type immune response. Ideally, a vaccine for cattle should induce protection without causing animals to react in a tuberculin test when exposed to Mycobacterium bovis. A number of new tuberculosis vaccines including attenuated M. bovis strains, killed mycobacteria, protein and DNA vaccines have been developed and many of these are being assessed in cattle. The requirements for a tuberculosis vaccine for wildlife differ from those for cattle. The major goal of a wildlife vaccine is to prevent the transmission of M. bovis to cattle and other wildlife. Although there are a number of technical problems associated with the development of a vaccine delivery system for wildlife, attenuated M. bovis vaccines administered via oral baits or aerosol spray to possums have already been shown to reduce the severity of a subsequent M. bovis infection. 相似文献