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太湖稻区机插稻高产关键技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对机插育秧专用肥、播种量、播栽期、栽插密度、氮肥等进行试验示范,结果表明,机插稻获得大面积产量650 kg∕667 m^2,采用育秧基质和机插秧育秧专用肥、常规粳稻播种量干谷100～120 g/盘、湿谷120～150 g/盘,正常育秧肥用量适宜播栽季节,秧龄在18～20 d,可培育适于机插的壮秧;在每667 m^2插足1.8万穴,基本苗6万左右;同时要适期栽插,一般在6月10～20日栽插;适施氮肥,氮肥运筹前后比例以6：4较适宜,有利于足穗、大穗实现优质高产。 相似文献
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《中国水稻科学》2021,(1)
【目的】探究水稻机械化移栽应用中长期存在的晚播晚栽机插稻的特殊应用价值,【方法】在苏南设置大田试验,分析了晚播晚栽机插水稻的产量表现及其群体生产特征,并设置密度和穗肥施用处理,解析栽培措施对晚播晚栽机插水稻群体发育和产量形成的影响。【结果】机插水稻晚播晚栽产量出现一定程度的下降,主要原因是单位面积穗数和每穗粒数降低。晚播晚栽机插稻群体高峰苗出现时间相对前移,茎蘖成穗率则明显下降。同化物质积累和运转均受到一定影响,抽穗期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物积累下降,茎鞘物质输出率和转换率也呈下降趋势。可见,晚播晚栽机插水稻存在物质生产和产量形成的必然劣势。增加栽植密度,单位面积穗数显著增加,干物质积累量上升,产量明显提高。在同一密度条件下,随着穗肥施氮量水平的提高,产量表现为先上升后下降的趋势,过多穗肥施用不利于晚播晚栽机插稻结实期的物质积累。较高密度配合适宜水平的穗肥施用,可提高其茎蘖成穗率,并维持结实期叶片活性,保持较高的中后期物质生产能力。【结论】晚播晚栽机插水稻可采用较高移栽密度,促进前期早发提高群体质量,适当减少中后期肥料控制无效分蘖发生,改善结实期生长条件,可获得相对较好的产量和生产效率。 相似文献
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通过对机插早籼稻品种、播期、播种量、秧龄、栽插密度和施氮方式等关键技术试验研究,提出了浙江苍南机插早稻高产配套栽培技术,即在选择中嘉早17、中早39、嘉育253等高产中熟品种的基础上,3月25至4月1日播种,播种量150~175 g/盘,秧龄控制在20 d左右,机插规格30.0 cm×12.4 cm(26.9万丛/hm2),施氮方式为基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶4∶1或4∶5∶1。 相似文献
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插植密度与插植苗数对超级稻产量和抗倒力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2009年早、晚季以常规超级稻桂农占为试验材料,研究不同插植密度和栽插苗数对产量、产量构成和植株抗倒力的影响。结果表明,(1)栽插密度对晚季水稻产量具有极显著的影响,高密度有利于高产,但对早季水稻产量的影响不显著;插植苗数对早、晚季的产量影响较小,未达显著水平。(2)栽插密度对单位面积的有效穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和群体颖花量影响较大,对结实率和千粒重影响较小;插植苗数对单位面积的有效穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数影响较大,对群体颖花量、结实率和千粒重影响较小。(3)丛、株抗倒力随插植密度的增大和插植苗数的增多而下降。综上所述,对于常规超级稻品种桂农占在高肥力稻田、适宜的施N量和合理的N肥运畴条件下,早季插植密度以24万丛/hm2、每丛插3苗,晚季插植密度以30万丛/hm2、每丛插4苗,能较好兼顾高产、高效和有效防止倒伏。 相似文献
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机插单季晚粳稻氮肥施用及丛栽苗数试验结果分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对机插单季晚粳稻秀水114进行施氮量、氮肥施用比例及丛栽苗数正交试验。结果表明,氮肥用量与秀水114最高苗数、有效穗数和产量呈正相关;施氮比例显著影响秀水114抽穗期、株高、成穗率、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重及产量;丛插苗数对其最高苗数、成穗率、穗总粒数、结实率和纹枯病指数有影响。秀水114要获得高产,其适宜施氮量为纯N 20.7 kg/667 m2,施氮比例(基肥∶苗肥∶秆肥∶穗肥)为1∶5∶0∶4或3∶3∶2∶2,丛插苗数2～5本(基本苗3.2～7.9万/667 m2)。 相似文献
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播栽期和密度对超级籼粳杂交稻组合甬优1540产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂交水稻》2021,(3)
通过设置不同播期、移栽期和密度试验,研究其对超级籼粳杂交稻组合甬优1540作连作晚稻的产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,不同播期、移栽期、密度及其互作对甬优1540的产量有极显著影响;各因子水平的最佳组合为6月25日播种、7月22日移栽、25.6万/hm~2密度,即早播早插,易夺高产;迟播迟插在低密度水平下不利于获得高产,适当提高密度水平(25.6万～30.3万/hm~2),可获得较高产量。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
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