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1.
为利用稻田生态工程对精养池塘尾水进行循环利用,采用Illumina Mi Seq第二代测序技术比较分析了稻田生态工程进出水中浮游细菌群落结构和多样性差异,以探讨稻田生态工程净化回用水中浮游细菌群落变化对池塘养殖的影响。结果显示,稻田生态工程进出水中优势浮游细菌在门水平上的组成相同,均为蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。但优势门类的相对丰度发生变化,蓝细菌门的相对丰度由进水中的46.72%显著降低至表面流出水中的41.82%和渗流出水中的34.77%;而放线菌门的相对丰度由3.90%增加至表面流出水中的5.65%和渗流出水中的6.45%。属水平上优势浮游细菌组成也相同,但微囊藻属(Microcystis)的相对丰度由0.83%显著降低至渗流出水中的0.46%(P0.05)。另外,稻田生态工程表面流出水中浮游细菌物种丰富度指数(Chao 1)显著提高,渗流出水中Shannon多样性指数显著提高,且Simpson指数显著降低(P0.05)。 相似文献
2.
应用DGGE技术分析流清河湾扇贝养殖海区细菌群落结构的季节变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
细菌是海区生态环境的重要组成部分,为了解扇贝养殖海区细菌群落结构的季节性变化,连续11个月(2009年5月—2010年4月,2月除外)定期采集青岛流清河湾扇贝养殖海区水深0.5 m处水样,过滤收集粒径0.22～3.00μm的微生物,采用CTAB法提取样品总DNA,PCR扩增细菌16S rDNA V3-V5可变区序列,并通过DGGE技术对所得序列进行分离,结果共得到36条不同位置的条带,1月份水样细菌群落条带数最为丰富,3月份水样的细菌群落条带数最少。基于各月份DGGE条带数目和相对光密度,对11个月份样品的细菌群落多样性进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明,3、4和5月份细菌群落多样性具有较高的相似性,优先聚为一支,其余月份中,7月和8月,9月和12月,10月和11月分别优先聚为一支,而1月份和6月份均单独分为一支。剪切DGGE图谱中的20条主要谱带重扩增、测序,并进行BLAST比对。结果表明,20条序列与已知序列的相似性均在94%以上,这20条序列所代表的细菌分属于α-变形菌亚门(α-Proteobacteria)、β-变形菌亚门(β-Proteobacteria)、γ-变形菌亚门(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。 相似文献
3.
探究浮游细菌群落结构以及微生物与环境因子的相关性,可为湖泊环境评价和生态治理提供理论依据。选取湖北境内的梁子湖和后官湖,于2018年4月分别设置10个和5个采样点,进行浮游细菌与水体理化指标采样调查;通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序,分析比较浮游细菌群落结构及其多样性的差异,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探讨环境因子与浮游细菌群落结构的关系。结果表明,梁子湖和后官湖均有较高的浮游细菌群落多样性,其Shannon指数分别为3.974~4.743和3.924~4.500;梁子湖与后官湖的浮游细菌群落结构有所差异,梁子湖菌群隶属于放线菌门(Actinomycetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、装甲菌门(Armatimonadetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae);后官湖菌群隶属于放线菌门、蓝细菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门、绿菌门、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、装甲菌门和螺旋体菌门(Saccharibacteria);其中,梁子湖的优势菌群为放线菌门(20.09%~43.23%)和变形菌门(21.35%~35.28%),而后官湖的优势菌群为放线菌门(20.70%~42.69%)和蓝细菌门(14.40%~45.77%)。RDA分析表明,总氮(TN)、pH、总磷(TP)是影响微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
4.
浮游植物和浮游细菌在水生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中起重要作用,其分布规律及其驱动机制的识别和比较是评价水生生态系统健康的重要基础。阳宗海2008年经历了大规模的砷污染,且砷浓度目前仍处于超标水平,有必要识别砷污染水体中不同浮游生物群落分布的基本特征及其异同。通过显微镜检和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法,探究阳宗海浮游植物和浮游细菌的组成及其空间分布因子。结果表明,蓝藻门在浮游植物中占绝对优势(全湖平均比例为91%),其次是甲藻门、绿藻门、金藻门、硅藻门、隐藻门和裸藻门。对DGGE条带中的DNA片段进行blast比对显示,阳宗海水体中的浮游细菌(异养细菌)主要包含放线菌纲、β-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲和拟杆菌。PCA分析显示,浮游植物和浮游细菌群落空间分布存在差异,ANOSIM结果表明,南部和中北部的浮游植物群落存在显著差异(P0.05,R=0.48)。多变量统计分析结果显示,空间变量和水温分别单独解释了阳宗海浮游植物群落变化的5.69%和16.51%,砷主要通过与水温和空间距离的相互作用对浮游植物的空间分布产生影响,水环境指标和空间距离与浮游细菌的空间分布没有显著关系(P0.05)。与浮游细菌相比,浮游植物群落相似性存在显著的距离衰减关系(R2=0.61,P0.001),可能与浮游植物扩散能力小于细菌有关。 相似文献
5.
为探究不同生境条件下细菌群落结构特征及其对沉积物重金属污染的响应，在三峡库区及上游共4个江段，采集21个表层沉积物样品，利用高通量测序技术研究其细菌群落结构和多样性，并利用冗余分析和相关性分析等方法分析重金属与细菌群落结构和多样性之间的响应关系。结果显示：研究江段沉积物细菌群落共检出65门179纲446目784科和1 926属；优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),其相对丰度分别为42.35%～54.56%和12.65%～28.30%;细菌群落多样性表现为：库区江段>库区上游江段，但没有显著差异；重金属As、Pb、Cr和Cu含量与绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度呈显著正相关，与厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度呈显著负相关。 相似文献
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裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)是一种重要的大型褐藻,具有较高的经济和食用价值。藻类的附生微生物既能通过代谢产物调控宿主藻类的生长发育,特定条件下又可能导致病害。了解裙带菜附生微生物群落组成对研究裙带菜与附生微生物间的相互作用、种质资源的有效保存以及防治藻类病害等有重要意义。现有研究大多集中于海带和紫菜,关于裙带菜的附生微生物,特别是不同生活史的对比研究还很少。本研究通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序发现,裙带菜配子体和孢子体的附生细菌群落组成有明显差异,配子体样品中的细菌群落丰度和多样性均大于孢子体。配子体中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(66.67%)为第一优势菌门,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(13.48%)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)(11.13%),α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(34.58%)为第一优势菌纲,其次为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)(31.01%);而孢子体中蓝细菌门(95.67%)占绝对优势,其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(1.65%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(1.48%)。裙带菜样品经18S rRNA基因测序检测出链形植物(Streptophyta)、纤毛虫门(Intramacronucleata)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)、节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、脊索动物门(Chordata)、腹毛动物门(Gastrotricha)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota),其中,担子菌门、子囊菌门和毛霉菌门属于真菌,孢子体的真核微生物群落丰度大于配子体。本研究确定了裙带菜配子体和孢子体附生微生物群落组成以及不同细菌和真核微生物的相对丰度,结果表明,2个世代之间存在显著差异,为后续研究藻类宿主与微生物之间的相互作用、提高海带目褐藻种质保存技术提供了基础的数据支持。 相似文献
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稻田养殖沙塘鳢对稻田水体及底泥微生物群落结构及多样性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究养殖沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscurus)对稻田水体及底泥的微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,2015年于浙江海盐江南四阡现代农业公司进行了沙塘鳢的稻田养殖实验,利用DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)技术对养殖过程中的稻田水体及底泥中细菌的16S r DNA片段进行指纹图谱分析。DGGE条带测序分析结果显示:稻田水体及底泥共检测到包括α-变形菌亚门(Alphaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌亚门(Betaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌亚门(Gammaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌亚门(Deltaproteobacteria)、ε-变形菌亚门(Epsilonproteobacteria)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)等细菌门类。多样性分析结果显示,养殖沙塘鳢的稻田底泥微生物DGGE条带数多于常规养殖稻田,养殖稻田的底泥Shannon多样性指数2.86,显著高于常规稻田的2.27,同时养殖稻田养殖沟底泥的Shannon多样性指数随养殖时间由2.56变化到2.16。PCA(Principal Component Analysis)及DGGE聚类分析结果显示,养殖稻田的水体及底泥微生物群落结构与常规稻田存在较大差异。结果表明,稻田养殖环境的微生态条件可能优于常规稻田。 相似文献
8.
凡纳滨对虾不同养殖密度高位池水体细菌群落动态 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对养殖水体环境基因组DNA中细菌16S rRNA基因V4–V5区的高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究了两种养殖密度的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池水体中细菌群落在养殖过程中的动态。结果显示,养殖过程中各菌群相对丰度变化明显,细菌多样性随时间逐渐提高,优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。随着养殖时间增长,蓝藻丰度所占比例逐渐减少,而变形菌、拟杆菌和浮霉菌丰度逐渐增大,同时养殖前期高密度池浮霉菌丰度显著高于低密度池(P0.01),而其他菌群无显著差异。结果表明,养殖期前50 d不同养殖密度水体细菌群落差异较大,而后30 d内细菌群落的时间异质性大于空间异质性,这意味着高位池水体菌相被划分为两类,到养殖后期菌相快速转变,养殖密度所带来的影响被减弱。 相似文献
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结合基于细菌16S rRNA基因的T-RFLP技术与克隆测序技术,对象山港三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白虾混养模式下改良塘M1(塘底铺网四周铺砂)以及传统塘M2(土塘)水体不同季节细菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。结果显示,M1、M2养殖塘水体细菌群落主要由变形纲门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)组成。养殖过程中,细菌群落结构随时间发生了显著变化,不同养殖塘水体细菌群落结构变化的方向不同。M1养殖塘水体由放线菌门主导的群落结构向蓝藻菌门以及变形菌门主导的群落结构发展,M2养殖水体由蓝藻菌门主导的向变形纲门主导的群落结构发展,说明养殖后期改良塘水体有利于蓝藻细菌的生长。无论是M1还是M2,拟杆菌门在8-9月含量最高,且养殖过程中在M2水体的含量始终高于M1。随着养殖时间的推移,M1养殖塘水体细菌群落由多样性指数高的稳定性结构向多样性指数低的不稳定性结构转变,而M2水体养殖后期仍保持较高的多样性指数。PCA分析结果显示,M1养殖塘水体细菌群落差异性大于M2,说明M2水体细菌群落对环境变化的抵御能力大于M1。相关性分析结果显示,不同养殖塘水体细菌群落分布受环境的影响效应不同。 相似文献
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网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落组成及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评价网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,于2016年10月份对刘家峡水库6个生态位点进行水样采集,采用高通量测序技术分析了浮游细菌群落特征。结果表明,刘家峡水库浮游细菌主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻门、拟杆菌门等11个门,ACK-M1-norank、聚球藻属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、红球菌属、β变形菌属和Pelagibacteraceae-uncultured等73个属组成,浮游细菌丰度和多样性指数由水库上游至下游依次降低,网箱养殖活动使附近水体的理化性质发生变化,并导致浮游细菌多样性降低。聚球藻属、黄杆菌属、放线菌属、Limnohabitans属和不动杆菌属的种类相对丰度受网箱养殖活动影响敏感。冗余分析表明NO-3-N、TP和TN是影响刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构的主要水环境因子,共同解释了55.11%的群落变异。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献