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奶牛的饮水量与其体格、年龄、活动量、产奶量以及环境等因素有关，饮水不足会降低奶牛干物质的采食量，进而影响生产性能。为了提高奶牛的饮水量，要保证水源的清洁卫生、水温适宜、水的压力和导电性适度，以及考虑在全混日粮中添加水分。奶牛对水质问题比较敏感，污染物、细菌类、化学品和矿物质等均会影 相似文献
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奶牛的饮水行为和饮水需要 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了奶牛饮水理论的基本知识：水在奶牛体内的代谢特征,奶牛对水的数量和质量的需求,奶牛饮水量的预测,奶牛的饮水习惯和关于水质的内容.总结了大量的奶牛饲养当中有关饮水管理的实践经验和理论研究结果. 相似文献
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奶牛饮水的管理与不可饮用的水 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1饮水的管理
奶牛的需水量与季节、气温、饲料品种、摄取饲料的数量、年龄、体重、产奶量的高低等因素有关。在10℃左右的环境下,采食1千克干饲料,饮水量约需3．54千克;在24℃左右的环境下,每采食1千克干饲料,饮水量在5．5千克左右。产奶期的奶牛比不产奶的奶牛需水量要大很多,如日产奶30千克,日供水量90～110千克才能满足奶牛的需要。 相似文献
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以数据简要论述了奶牛饮水比饲料更为重要的理念.采取从饮水的数量、质量、温度、诱导饮水等方面来提高饮水量的具体措施,以科学地指导奶牛生产. 相似文献
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文章简述了对于一个奶牛场,除了供给奶牛所需的足够的饮水量,保证适宜的水温外,保证水质安全是防止乳房炎和寄生虫病等疾病发生,确保实现奶牛生产潜力的重要一环. 相似文献
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奶牛热应激是指奶牛对不利其生理活动的环境高温产生的非特异性应答反应的总和。奶牛的最理想温度在10℃-20℃,近几年由于温室效应的影响,使全球气候变暖,奶牛热应激发生的频率增加。奶牛热应激的临床症状为:发病牛采食量降低,粗饲料采食量比精饲料采食量下降明显。饮水量增 相似文献
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由于我国北方地区四季分明，气温变化明显，奶牛饲养管理的难度也相应的有所加大。在这种情况下，如何给奶牛创造一个舒适、整洁的环境，特别是如何提高低温条件下奶牛的饮水量，一直是我们致力于解决的问题。经过长期实践，总结了以下方法供广大读者参考。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(1):143-145
All of the indicators are in place for water quantity to become a major issue in the coming years. Just as water quality has surfaced on many agendas, water quantity could possibly be a larger subject. Water quantity and water quality will become almost synonymous in concern and attention in most parts of the United States and the world. As water quantity issues surface, the dreaded question, "Who owns the water rights?” will have to be answered. 相似文献
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从重庆市水资源构成与水资源污染的状况出发，在阐述水资源污染对重庆市供水影响的基础上，分析了造成重庆水资源污染问题的原因，并进一步提出了针对水污染与城市供水这对矛盾的政策建议，以期能从城市供水的角度为水资源污染治理研究提供一些基础性启发。 相似文献
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京郊平原区苜蓿生产能力与耗水规律的研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
根据北京地区气候与苜蓿Medicago sativa生产特点通过定量灌溉控制,设置水分相对充足(WS)、水分中度 (WM)和水分亏缺(WD)3个水分梯度处理,对苜蓿各茬次与全年干草产量、土壤含水量以及干草产量与耗水量、水分利用效率的相关关系进行测定与分析.结果显示,苜蓿干草产量与耗水量和水分利用效率呈正线性相关关系,当灌溉量较大、水分充足时,可增加苜蓿各茬次与全年干草产量,其耗水量与水分利用效率也相应增加,表明相对充足灌水有利于植株的生长发育,特别是在北京相对干旱的2003年,生长时期的自然降水为285.6 mm,仅依靠自然降水并不能获得苜蓿高产以满足生产需要,适当的灌水是有必要的,按返青和每次刈割后灌溉60 mm/次(以保持土壤含水量75%时),全年耗水量530.33 mm,全年可获得苜蓿干草产量17 927.48 kg/hm2. 相似文献
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Background
Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls.Methods
In each of the two experiments (exp. 1, dry goats, exp. 2 lactating goats), 42 dairy goats were allotted into 6 groups of 7 goats. In period 1, the goats had access to a water nipple. In period 2, they had access to a water bowl and in period 3 (preference test) they had access to both a water nipple and a water bowl. Water usage and wastage was recorded and water intake (water usage - water wastage) was calculated for each group for the two last days of each period. In experiment 2, water samples from each dispenser were analyzed for heterotrophy germs at 22°C, Escherichia coli and turbidity.Results
Water usage was higher from water nipples than from water bowls both in experiment 1 (dry goats) and experiment 2 (lactating goats). There was however, no difference in water intake from water nipples and water bowls. In the preference test (period 3), the water intake tended to be higher from the water nipple than from the water bowl both for the dry goats (exp. 1) and lactating goats (exp. 2). Especially for the dry goats, the differences between groups were large. Turbidity and heterotrophy germs were much higher in the samples from the water bowls than from the water nipples.Water wastage from the water bowls was negligible compared to the water nipples. From the water nipples the water wastage was 30% and 23% of water usage for the dry and lactating goats respectively.Conclusions
We conclude that type of water dispenser (nipple or bowl) was probably of minor importance for water intake in goats, but water bowls had a lower water quality. 相似文献17.
Tschudin A Clauss M Codron D Liesegang A Hatt JM 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(4):499-511
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are often presented suffering from urolithiasis. A high water intake is important in the prophylaxis of uroliths. We investigated the influence factors for water intake using 12 rabbits subjected to different feed and water regimes with practical relevance: Hay, fresh parsley, a seed mix and two different pelleted feed were offered in diverse combinations. Water was provided either by open dish or nipple drinker. Water was accessible ad libitum except for four treatments with 6 h or 12 h water access. Under the different feeding regimes, the drinker had no influence on water intake, but faecal dry matter content was significantly higher with nipple drinkers [60.0 ± 2.1 vs. 57.2 ± 2.1% of wet weight (mean ± 95% confidence interval), p = 0.003]. Dry food led to a higher drinking water intake but total water intake was still lower than with addition of 'fresh' food. With restricted water access, rabbits exhibited a significantly higher water intake with open dishes compared with nipple drinkers (54.9 ± 9.8 vs. 48.1 ± 8.2 g/kg(0.75) /day (mean ± 95% confidence interval), p = 0.04). High proportions of fresh parsley or hay in the diet enhanced total water intake and urine output, and led to lower urinary dry matter content and lower urinary calcium concentrations. Restricted access to drinkers led to a decreased total daily water intake and increased dry matter content of urine and faeces. For optimal water provision and urolith prophylaxis, we recommend a diet with a high 'fresh food' proportion as well as additionally hay ad libitum with free water access, offered in an open bowl. 相似文献
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H.A. Snyman W.D. Venter W.L.J. van Rensburg D.P.J. Opperman 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):78-81
Abstract A number of grasses were ranked according to the order in which they wilted with diminishing moisture availability, and according to their ability to recover after water replenishment. Digitaria eriantha and Digitaria argyrograpta were the most sensitive to moisture stress, whereas Sporobolus fimbriatus and Panicum stapfianum were last to show signs of wilting. The latter two grass species were the first to recover from wilting during optimum soil water conditions. The leaf water potential and soil water content at which each grass species wilted were recorded. 相似文献
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陕西省是畜牧养殖大省,畜牧养殖对该省的农民脱贫致富和经济增长起到重要的推动作用。近年来,随着畜牧养殖规模化、集约化发展,水资源短缺已成为制约畜牧业可持续发展的瓶颈问题。畜牧节水技术的推广实施是解决这一难题的重要举措,能进一步发掘畜牧养殖业的节水潜力,进而推动畜牧业现代化发展,助理力乡村战略实施。本文主要介绍了陕西省畜牧业发展现状、畜牧节水方面存在的问题及相关畜牧节水技术,并对畜牧节水的推广提出几点建议。希望能让更多的人了解畜牧节水,关注畜牧节水,践行畜牧节水。 相似文献