共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
甘蓝型油菜重组自交系苗期磷效率的评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
设置低磷P1 (5 μmol L-1)和高磷P2 (1 000 μmol L-1)处理水培甘蓝型油菜重组自交系群体的135个株系及亲本的幼苗, 以地上部干重(SDW)、根干重(RDW)、根冠比(R/S)、主根长(AMRL)、地上部磷积累量(SPU)、总磷吸收量(TPU)、磷利用效率(PUE)作为耐性指标, 调查群体各株系和亲本间对缺磷反应的差异, 并对各性状参数与磷吸收、利用效率进行相关性分析。结果表明: (1) 低磷胁迫严重抑制甘蓝型油菜苗期生长, 所调查的各性状均表现出显著差异,其中地上部干重和根干重的变异系数较大;(2) 2种处理条件下, 各株系的地上部干重、根干重、根冠比和主根长4个性状均表现出显著分离, 并呈现正态分布,低磷处理的分离更为明显;(3) 相关性分析表明, 相对地上部干重和根干重可以作为磷效率的主要评价指标,为了避免遗传因素影响, 还应考虑低磷处理下基因型各性状的绝对差异;(4) 通过上述筛选指标,确定065﹑102﹑070为候选的极端磷高效基因型, 105﹑076﹑011等为候选的极端磷低效基因型。 相似文献
2.
花生抗旱性鉴定评价指标的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选花生抗旱性鉴定评价指标,构建评价体系,利用177个株系组成的花生重组自交系群体为研究对象,连续2年在充分灌溉和干旱胁迫条件下种植,收获考种后分析了22个表型性状、2个生理指标与抗旱系数间的相关关系。结果表明：总分枝数、结果枝数、结果节数、单株果数、百仁质量这5个表型性状的干旱胁迫指数以及叶绿素含量、冠层温度2个生理指标的抗旱性综合评价值均与抗旱系数有显著相关关系,这7个性状可作为判定花生抗旱性的评价指标。以抗旱系数≥1．1为标准,筛选到3个抗旱株系,即L19、L121和L146。 相似文献
3.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(14):4820-4835
为了解16份小麦种质材料的苗期抗旱性和耐盐性,本研究分别以20%PEG-6000溶液和0.20 mol/L NaCl溶液模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫,对其抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量、细胞质膜透性、苗长、根系性状、生物量等指标进行测定,应用隶属函数、因子分析和聚类分析等方法综合评价小麦苗期抗旱性和耐盐性。结果表明,在胁迫处理下,小麦的苗长、总根长、总根面积、总根体积、根鲜重、苗鲜重、根干重、苗干重和叶绿素含量均低于对照;细胞质膜透性的损伤程度均大于对照,但盐胁迫下损伤更为严重;抗氧化酶(SOD, POD, CAT)活性升高,且在干旱条件下SOD和CAT酶活性的增加量均高于盐胁迫。相关性分析表明各性状隶属函数值均值与总根面积和总根体积的相关性最大,因子分析表明总根面积、总根体积和苗干重可以作为小麦苗期抗旱性和耐盐性的综合评价指标。通过对16份种质材料进行综合评价最终筛选出3份苗期抗旱性和耐盐性均较高的小麦品种(‘40IBWSN93’,‘甘春25号’和‘MSN2’)和3份对干旱和盐胁迫敏感的小麦品种(‘京临春’,‘巴084123’和‘D39M1153’),为培育抗旱耐盐小麦新种质和挖掘小麦抗旱耐盐基因提供基础材料。 相似文献
4.
《种子》2021,(4)
以141份胡麻重组自交系为试验材料,进行苗期抗旱性鉴定及其抗旱指标筛选。测定了水分胁迫下株高、根长、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、叶干重、茎干重、根冠比等9个性状,利用主成分分析和相关分析进行抗旱指标的筛选,用综合抗旱能力D值对141份自交系材料进行苗期抗旱综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫时不同材料间变异丰富,9个表型性状平均变异系数为40.70%,根干重的变异系数最大,株高和根长变异系数最小;主成分和相关分析表明,根冠比和根部性状对抗旱性影响显著,可作为苗期抗旱性鉴定综合指标。综合抗旱能力D值聚类将供试自交系材料分为强抗旱、抗旱、弱抗旱和不抗旱四个类群,其中11、14号材料抗旱性最强。 相似文献
5.
为了全面了解中国现存黍稷种质资源的抗旱性,研究黍稷在PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫下的抗旱表现,挖掘优异抗旱种质并筛选抗旱鉴定指标,本研究以前期构建的包含230份资源的黍稷微核心种质为试验对象,开展室内PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫处理下的芽、苗期抗旱性研究。通过对芽期和苗期抗旱性指标的测定发现:干旱胁迫下,芽期和苗期各指标较对照组均有下降趋势;芽期指标变异系数较苗期偏大,苗期根鲜重变异系数最大,根干重、苗鲜重、苗干重其次(变化范围在0.35~0.50之间)。相关性分析显示多数指标间相关性都达到了显著或极显著水平,其中相对根鲜重与相对根干重的相关性最高,而相对叶绿素含量与相对根长、相对苗长、相对根鲜重及相对苗干重的相关性均较低。采用平均值-标准差逐级分级法和分层聚类分析综合鉴定参试黍稷芽期和苗期抗旱性,发现芽期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为3份和10份,苗期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为24份和23份;其中紫秆黍(00003289)、乌克兰黍(00006438)和白糜子(00000101)三个品种在芽期和苗期均有很好的抗旱性,可作为后续全生育期抗旱研究和抗旱品种选育的优良资源。对芽期及苗期各抗旱鉴定指标进行相关性分析,结果表明芽期与苗期抗旱性没有显著相关性;主成分分析表明,相对苗长、相对苗鲜重以及相对叶绿素含量可作为评价黍稷苗期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。 相似文献
6.
三种类型油菜苗期抗旱性综合评价及抗旱指标筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2021,19(12):4108-4116
探讨三种类型油菜苗期的抗旱性,并筛选抗旱指标,为今后抗旱性品种选育提供参考。以甘蓝型油菜Q2、芥菜型油菜‘新油9号’和白菜型油菜L14为材料,在温室中进行盆栽控水实验,设置正常供水和干旱胁迫处理,测定油菜叶片光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等21项生理生化指标,并以各指标的抗旱系数为抗旱性评价指标,在主成分分析的基础上,利用加权隶属函数法对供试油菜品种的抗旱性进行综合评价,然后对各指标在抗旱性评价中的作用进行了比较分析。频次分析表明,三种油菜的光合参数指标(Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci)及离体叶片失水速率对干旱胁迫的反应最为敏感,可用于油菜苗期抗旱性的快速或初步鉴定;主成分分析将21个指标综合成为4个相互独立的综合指标(累计贡献率达92.259%),结合隶属函数分析得到抗旱性综合评价D值,得出三种油菜的抗旱性顺序为:‘新油9号’L14Q2;关联分析表明,水分利用效率、净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、离体叶片失水速率、丙二醛与油菜苗期抗旱性密切相关,可作为油菜苗期抗旱评价指标。 相似文献
7.
不同抗旱性花生品种根系形态及生理特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以12个花生品种为试验材料, 在人工控水条件下, 通过苗期及结荚期干旱试验, 对比分析花生品种苗期根系性状与抗旱性的关系。结果表明, 花生苗期与结荚期抗旱性基本一致。利用产量抗旱系数可把12个花生品种的抗旱性划分为强、中、弱3级, 抗旱性强的品种为A596、山花11和如皋西洋生, 中度抗旱品种为花育20、农大818、海花1号、山花9号和79266, 抗旱性弱的品种有ICG6848、白沙1016、花17和蓬莱一窝猴。山花11可作为花生强抗旱性鉴定的标准品种, 79266可作为花生弱抗旱性鉴定的标准品种。山花9号、山花11、花育20的根系抗旱机制为较大的根量及根系吸收能力, 而A596、如皋西洋生、农大818、山花11为较强的根系抗氧化能力及膜稳定性。相关分析表明, 苗期重度干旱胁迫下的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量与品种抗旱系数的相关性达极显著水平, 对照与重度干旱胁迫下的以上性状呈极显著正相关。因此, 在花生出苗后10 d进行40%土壤相对含水量的干旱胁迫, 持续胁迫至出苗24 d的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、根尖SOD活性和MDA含量可鉴定花生品种的根系抗旱能力, 正常水分下的性状值也能反映根系性状的抗旱级别。山花11可作为花生根系形态及生理优异抗旱性状鉴定的标准品种。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型油菜抗旱性鉴定研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甘蓝型油菜抗旱育种的最终目的是培育干旱条件下节水、高产的新品种。笔者通过形态及生长发育指标、生理生化指标(光合作用、渗透调节、抗氧化酶活性、内源激素、水分利用率等)、产量和品质指标、综合评价指标等对油菜抗旱性鉴定研究进行了回顾式分析,认为水分胁迫对油菜不同时期形态及生长发育具有重要影响。通过回顾式研究,对甘蓝型油菜抗旱性鉴定研究的现存问题进行分析,并对相关指标与技术展开讨论,以期为油菜抗旱性研究和生产提供参考。同时甘蓝型油菜抗旱性分子机制的阐明必然将油菜抗旱育种研究带入一个崭新的阶段。 相似文献
9.
《分子植物育种》2016,(10)
油菜是我国重要的油料作物之一,油菜生产对我国食用油供给安全和国民经济发展有着举足轻重的影响。随着全球气候剧变,干旱胁迫已成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素之一,给油菜生产带来严重损失。因此,研究甘蓝型油菜干旱应答的机制,提高甘蓝型油菜的抗旱性有着十分重要的意义。本研究对甘蓝型油菜与白芥种间杂交的3个后代株系和扬油6号(Y6)种子萌发期的抗旱性进行了鉴定,研究了15%PEG(polyethylene glycol)模拟干旱胁迫条件下4个株系的形态变化、生理生化指标以及抗氧化酶系统基因表达情况,发现在15%PEG模拟干旱胁迫的条件下,与对照(Y6)相比,杂种后代株系种子萌发期的根长及苗高受抑制程度弱于对照,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著高于对照,部分后代株系的活性氧类物质积累显著低于对照,部分抗氧化酶基因在杂种后代中的表达量显著高于在Y6中的表达量,说明杂种后代可能从亲本白芥中继承了抗旱性较强的特点。 相似文献
10.
基于反复干旱法的胡麻苗期抗旱性鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用反复干旱法对不同地区的39份胡麻种质资源进行苗期抗旱研究,考察了幼苗存活率、苗高、根长、鲜苗重、鲜根重、干苗重、干根重、鲜根冠比、干根冠比和植株含水率等10个性状指标,运用隶属函数和综合评价法进行抗旱性评价。结果表明,39个胡麻种质资源归属于5个抗旱等级,其中编号为2012631222(青海)、2012631218(青海)、2011621058(甘肃)、20121500297(内蒙古)等4份属抗旱资源(1级和2级);幼苗存活率与资源的抗旱性趋势一致,抗旱性强的品种存活率高,可作为苗期抗旱性快速鉴定指标;反复干旱法鉴定胡麻苗期抗旱性,方法简便,结果可靠,并可大规模同步进行。 相似文献
11.
Mapping of QTL associated with waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance during the seedling stage in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhen Li Shufang Mei Zhong Mei Xianglei Liu Tingdong Fu Guangsheng Zhou Jinxing Tu 《Euphytica》2014,197(3):341-353
Soil waterlogging and drought are major environmental stresses that suppress rapeseed (Brassica napus) growth and yield. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance at the rapeseed seedling stage, we generated a doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 150 DH lines from a cross between two B. napus lines, namely, line No2127-17 × 275B F4 (waterlogging-tolerant and drought-resistant) and line Huyou15 × 5900 F4 (waterlogging-sensitive and drought-sensitive). A genetic linkage map was constructed using 183 simple sequence repeat and 157 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for the DH population. Phenotypic data were collected under waterlogging, drought and control conditions, respectively, in two experiments. Five traits (plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight) were investigated. QTL associated with the five traits, waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC) and drought resistance coefficient (DRC) of all the traits were identified via composite interval mapping, respectively. A total of 28 QTL were resolved for the five traits under control conditions, 26 QTL for the traits under waterlogging stresses and 31 QTL for the traits under drought conditions. Eleven QTL were detected by the WTC, and 19 QTL related to DRC were identified. The results suggest that the genetic bases of both waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance are complex. Some of the QTL for waterlogging tolerance-related traits overlapped with QTL for drought resistance-related traits, indicating that the genetic bases of waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance in the DH population were related in some degree. 相似文献
12.
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element and toxic to plants. To investigate the genetics of Cd tolerance and accumulation
in rice, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with Cd tolerance and accumulation at the seedling stage were mapped using
a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between a japonica JX17 and an indica ZYQ8. A total of 22 QTLs were found to be associated with shoot height (SH), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), root
dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and chlorophyll content (CC), and 10 and 12 QTLs were identified under the control
and Cd stress conditions, respectively. For Cd tolerant coefficient (CTC), 6 QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 8
and 10. Under Cd stress, 3 QTLs controlling root and shoot Cd concentrations were mapped on chromosome 6 and 7. One QTL for
shoot/root rate of Cd concentration was identified on chromosome 3. The results indicated that Cd tolerance and accumulation
were quantitatively inherited, and the detected QTLs may be useful for marker-assistant selection (MAS) and identification
of the genes controlling Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice. 相似文献
13.
为了解玉米苗期抗旱遗传规律,以抗旱玉米自交系‘81162’和干旱敏感自交系‘沈503’构建P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F26世代群体,采用数量性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型分析方法对苗期玉米苗高、根鲜重、地上鲜重、根干重、地上干重、根长、鲜重根冠比、干重根冠比性状的抗旱系数进行遗传分析。结果表明,苗高、根鲜重、地上鲜重、根干重、地上干重、根长的最适遗传模型为2MG-A,主要由2对加性主基因控制。鲜重根冠比和干重根冠比的最适遗传模型为MX2-ADI-AD,主要由2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-多基因控制,为玉米抗旱育种提供参考依据。 相似文献
14.
PI471938是从美国引进的大豆耐萎蔫抗旱种质资源。为更好了解和利用该材料,分别在灌水和干旱胁迫条件下比较PI471938与普通大豆品种Dare、丰收黄根系及地上部性状的差异,并配制杂交组合,构建分离群体,利用主基因-多基因混合遗传模型分析杂交后代根系性状的遗传规律。结果表明,在正常灌水和干旱处理条件下,PI471938的根干重、根体积、主根长均显著高于Dare和丰收黄(P<0.01),说明根系发达是PI471938耐萎蔫的重要原因。供试亲本和各世代材料的株高、地上部干重均与根干重及根体积显著正相关,可作为对根系性状进行间接选择的指标。在Dare×PI471938杂交组合的F2代,不论在灌水还是干旱条件下,根干重均以微效多基因控制为主,主基因遗传率较低;根体积在灌水条件下表现多基因遗传,而在干旱条件下则由2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,主基因遗传率为54.63%。在干旱条件下,丰收黄 × PI471938组合的根干重、根体积均以多基因控制为主。以在干旱条件下种植的Dare×PI471938组合的F2代群体为材料,采用SSR标记对大豆根系及地上部性状进行QTL定位,检测到位于3个不同连锁群的5个主效QTL,表型贡献率在16.07%~38.44%之间。 相似文献
15.
A mapping population of 96 BC1F9lines (Backcross Inbred Lines: BILs),derived by a single-seed descent method rom a backcross of Nipponbare (japonica) / Kasalath (indica // Nippon are, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf bronzing index (LBI), stem dry weight (SDW), tiller
number (TN) and root dry weight (RDW) under Fe2+ stress condition in rice. Two parents and 96 BILs were phenotyped for the traits by growing them in Fe2+ toxicity nutrient solution. A total of four QTLs were detected on chromosome 1 and 3, respectively, with LOD of QTLs ranging
from 3.17 to 7.03. One QTL controlling LBI, DW, N and RDW was located at the region of C955-C885 on chromosome 1, and their
contributions to whole variation were 20.5%, 36.9%, 43.9% and 38.8%,respectively. The QTL located at the region of C955-C885
on chromosome 1 may be important to ferrous iron toxicity tolerance in rice. Another QTL for SDW and RDW was located at the
region of C25-C515 on chromosome 3, with respective contributions of 47.9% and 35.0% to whole variation. Further, two QTLs
on chromosome 1 were located for RDW at the region of R2329-R210 and for TN at the region of R1928-C178. Comparing with the
other mapping results, the QTL located at the region of C955-C885 on chromosome 1 was identical with the results reported
previously. There is a linkage between a TL detected under Fe2+ stress condition for stem and root dry weight and a QTL detected under phosphorus-deficiency condition for dry weight on
chromosome 3.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Hanen Sbei Kazuhiro Sato Tariq Shehzad Moncef Harrabi Kazutoshi Okuno 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):378-388
Two hundred ninety-six Asian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions were assessed to detect QTLs underlying salt tolerance by association analysis using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker system. The experiment was laid out at the seedling stage in a hydroponic solution under control and 250 mM NaCl solution with three replications of four plants each. Salt tolerance was assessed by leaf injury score (LIS) and salt tolerance indices (STIs) of the number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW). LIS was scored from 1 to 5 according to the severity of necrosis and chlorosis observed on leaves. There was a wide variation in salt tolerance among Asian barley accessions. LIS and STI (SDW) were the most suitable traits for screening salt tolerance. Association was estimated between markers and traits to detect QTLs for LIS and STI (SDW). Seven significant QTLs were located on chromosomes 1H (2 QTLs), 2H (2 QTLs), 3H (1 QTL), 4H (1 QTL) and 5H (1 QTL). Five QTLs were associated with LIS and 2 QTLs with STI (SDW). Two QTLs associated with LIS were newly identified on chromosomes 3H and 4H. 相似文献
17.
普通菜豆抗旱生理特性 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采用盆栽试验,以抗旱性较好的品种跃进豆、260205和敏感品种奶花芸豆为试材,设置干旱和正常供水2种处理,测定产量、产量构成因素及相关生理生化指标,分析干旱胁迫下参试品种各性状及生理指标的变化及对干旱胁迫的生理响应。结果表明,干旱处理36 d,跃进豆和260205的根干重为总生物量的20.2%和20.6%,荚干重为总生物量的30.0% 和28.9%,而奶花芸豆的根干重和荚干重仅为总生物量的10.6%和17.1%,光合产物向根系和籽粒的有效分配与普通菜豆抗旱性关系密切;跃进豆在干旱胁迫后期的水分利用效率较对照增加 230.5%,而奶花芸豆的增幅仅为84.3%,较高的水分利用效率有利于CO2的有效扩散和高效固定;其他生理特性分析表明,抗氧化酶与光呼吸共同作用有效降低了膜脂过氧化程度,减少了叶片的损伤;脯氨酸和可溶性糖是普通菜豆主要的渗透调节物质,能够较好地保持自身叶片的水分平衡。普通菜豆抗旱性是多种生理调节机制协同作用的结果,主要包括形态调节、气孔调节、渗透调节以及抗氧化能力的调节等。 相似文献
18.
Plant genotypes with higher drought tolerance through improved root characteristics are poorly studied in orchardgrass. In the current research, 30 orchardgrass genotypes were polycrossed and the resulting half‐sib families evaluated under both normal and water stress environments. Under water stress conditions, values for most root traits decreased at 0–30 cm soil depth, while at 30–60 cm depths, the root length (RL), root area (RA), root volume, percentage of root dry weight (RDW) and the ratio of root to shoot were increased. We identified drought‐tolerant genotypes with a high combining ability for root characteristics and a high yield potential. High estimates of heritability as well as genetic variation for root traits indicated that phenotypic selection would be successful in order to achieve genetic progress. Indirect selection to improve dry matter yield was most efficient when selecting for RL and RDW under water stress conditions. Significant associations between a drought tolerance index and RL, RA and root volume confirmed the importance of these traits in conferring drought tolerance of orchardgrass. 相似文献
19.
为了研究烤烟新品种豫烟1 3号的抗旱性,以主栽品种中烟100为对照品种,采用盆栽试验研究了干旱胁迫对农艺性状、地上部鲜重、干重、根系指标、酶活性和产量的影响.结果表明,干旱条件下,中烟100和豫烟13号株高和茎围明显降低;干旱对根、茎、叶干重影响较大,直接影响单株产量,干旱条件下2个品种产量显著低于正常供水处理,与中烟100相比,豫烟13号产量受干旱影响程度较小;与中烟100相比较,干旱务件下豫烟13号酶活性增加幅度大.综合各指标来看,豫烟13号抗旱能力优于中烟100. 相似文献