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1.
17个玉米地方种质选系的配合力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析玉米地方种质选系的配合力,可以为探明自交系的应用价值提供技术支撑。选用11个自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对17个玉米地方种质新选的自交系的配合力、杂种优势以及主要性状遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选自交系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P2-4×P1-10;在株高、穗位高、穗行数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,而穗长、秃尖长、百粒质量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应。因此,对于高产组合的选配,至少要选择1个GCA高的材料作亲本,并在此基础上兼顾SCA的选择,而利用地方种质选系则应根据性状遗传特性决定其选择时期和选择强度。 相似文献
2.
17个玉米地方种质选系的育种潜势分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以西南地区生产上常用的11个玉米骨干自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,测定17个玉米地方种质新选自交系主要性状的配合力和杂种优势,并对杂优类群、性状遗传参数进行分析。结果表明,单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P1-10×P2-4,四平头群×Lancaster群在川南地区可产生较强的杂种优势;在穗行数、行粒数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,可早代进行选择,而百粒生、单株产量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应,宜晚代进行选择。 相似文献
3.
以3份花药离体培养单倍体苜蓿与2份扁蓿豆材料作为亲本,组配10个杂交组合,分析7个主要农艺性状的配合力,探究苜蓿与扁蓿豆的杂种优势与亲本一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传距离之间的相关关系。结果表明,节间长受加性效应和非加性效应共同影响,株高、节间数、单株产量其遗传主要受加性效应影响较大。各性状的杂种优势在不同组合间差异较大。在二倍体苜蓿与扁蓿豆种间杂交组合中,XJ-3×CY-5和CY-35×HB各农艺性状特殊配合力的效应值适宜,杂种优势强,可作为优良杂交组合进行利用。研究表明,可通过组合间的SCA与杂种优势来提高亲本的选配效率,但利用SRAP标记遗传距离预测苜蓿杂种优势还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
4.
几个小麦品种（系）主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用不完全双列杂交设计,对15个小麦品种(系)的8个主要农艺性状的配合力与遗传力进行了分析。结果表明,所有的8个性状(单株籽粒产量、单株生物产量、单株穗数、收获指数、株高、抽穗期、穗粒数、千粒重),其广义遗传力都较高,可在早代进行选择;株高与抽穗期的遗传主要受基因加性效应控制;其余性状(产量性状)的遗传除受基因加性效应控制外,非加性效应(显性效应和上位性效应)的影响更大。F1代的表现,同时受到双亲GCA的与SCA的影响。选择单株生物产量与单株穗数GCA较高、性状互补的亲本,才有可能选出单株籽粒产量高的强优势组合。从亲本的表现型不能推断其一般配合力效应的大小。本文同时对各材料的特点进行了分析。 相似文献
5.
《华北农学报》2018,(Z1)
为研究大麦产量相关性状一般配合力(GCA)的差异,筛选高GCA亲本,以我国不同产区具代表性的17份大麦新品种(系)为亲本材料,两年度采用NCⅡ设计对7个产量相关性状的配合力进行方差分析。结果表明,所有性状一般配合力(GCA)与特殊配合力(Special combining ability,SCA)方差在单年度或两年度达显著或极显著水平,且GCA方差普遍大于SCA方差,表明基因加性、非加性效应同时存在,并以加性效应为主。所有性状亲本间GCA差异显著,可针对目标性状筛选到高GCA亲本,如16号亲本(95033-1)在穗粒数、千粒质量及单株粒质量3个性状上GCA值均较高,是一优良亲本。亲本性状值与其GCA值间的相关性在不同性状上表现不同,如在株高、穗下节间长、穗长及穗粒数4个性状上,两者呈极显著正相关;在单株穗数与单株粒质量上,仅单年度检测到两者呈显著或极显著正相关;而对于千粒质量,两者相关不显著。因此,前4个性状可根据亲本性状值预测其GCA大小。综上,大麦杂交育种可针对目标性状选择高GCA亲本进行组配,提高后代选择效率。 相似文献
6.
以6个高粱不育系为母本,4个高粱恢复系为父本,按照NC-Ⅱ不完全双列杂交组配24个杂交组合,对高粱自交系及杂交组合的主要农艺性状进行配合力、杂种优势及遗传参数进行分析。结果表明,除产量和糖锤度外,其余10个农艺性状受加性遗传和非加性遗传共同作用,但非加性遗传作用比较突出,容易受环境及栽培条件的影响,不宜在早代进行选择。全部自交系中,A 1整体性状优良,具有很大的利用潜力。组合A 6×B 3在茎粗、主穗长度、千粒重和糖锤度上SCA效应值最大,可用于选育抗倒伏和高产品种。在所有组合中,超亲优势主要体现在高粱生育期性状和穗部性状上,适宜选育晚熟型高产品种。高粱是杂种优势利用的典型作物之一,在选择高粱杂交亲本时,要综合考虑亲本GCA和组合间SCA对杂交后代的影响,在高GCA亲本的基础上选择SCA高的杂交组合,会大大提高优势杂交组合出现的概率,加快高粱种质资源的创新步伐。 相似文献
7.
玉米人工合成群体产量相关性状选择潜势及杂种优势模式分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计 ,以分属于不同杂种优势群的 6个自交系做测验种 ,与 6个合成群体组配成 36个组合。结果表明 :单株产量的GCA以LBM最高 ,其次为WBM ,从株型、穗型性状的SCA分析合成群体与自交系组成了 9个优良杂种优势模式。单株产量最高的组合为HZ85×WBM ,其均值为 10 8 75g。通过对优良杂优模式内的变异参数估计 ,在群体内有丰富的变异个体 ,具有很强的选择潜势。组合内个体产量分布以及出现的频率对选系和轮回选择具有明确的指导意义。人工合成群体具有丰富的遗传变异 ,分属于不同的杂种优势类群 ,具有多元种质的特性。作为选系和轮回选择群体 ,具有明显的选择潜势 相似文献
8.
9.
7个骨干玉米自交系穗部性状配合力的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按Griffing完全双列杂交模式4设计,对7个自交系主要穗部性状进行配合力及遗传力分析,结果表明:(1)D902、苏65、1043单穗粒重GCA效应较高,丹大粗混穗粗,穗行数GCA效应较高.(2)21份组合中,苏65×1043、丹大粗混×96-132、丹大粗混×D902、1441×1043、1043×交51等组合单穗粒重SCA较高,为强优势组合.(3)穗长、穗粗、穗行数、百粒重4个性状受加性基因效应影响大,宜早代选择;株高、行粒数、穗位高、秃尖、单穗粒重受非加性效应影响大,宜晚代选择. 相似文献
10.
（河南省鹤壁市农业科学院，鹤壁458030）
摘要：选用综合性状较好的12个母本和6个父本自交系，按照NCII遗传交配设计，组配了72个杂交组合，对单株产量及相关农艺性状的配合力、杂种优势等效应进行分析。结果表明，杂交组合的6个相关性状在一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力(SCA)上差异极显著。B2等母本自交系和A1等父本自交系的雄穗主轴长、雄穗分枝数的GCA相对效应值为较高负值或正值，且杂交组合的SCA相对效应值为较高正值以上自交系进行组配，更利于减少雄穗养分竞争，保证完全授粉。A5等自交系可以显著降低杂交组合的株高，B3等自交系可以显著降低杂交种的穗位高，B1等自交系可以增加杂交组合的茎粗，利用以上自交系进行组配更利于选育出株高适中、茎秆粗壮、低穗位、抗倒伏能力较强的杂交组合。单株产量比对照增产较高的两个组合B6×A5、B6×A6综合性状均较好，无明显的缺点，且符合当前中高秆品种的选育目标，可以作为优势杂交组合进一步研究利用。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献