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1.
三回程有机肥颗粒转筒干燥设备中筒抄板设计与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为实现有机肥颗粒物料的高效干燥,提出了专用三回程转筒干燥工艺,着重对影响有机肥颗粒运动的中筒内抄板设计参数进行研究。分析了抄板的作用原理,设计出在中筒可以实现物料逆向"爬坡"的组合式抄板;应用EDEM离散元软件,通过正交试验设计,确定物料在中筒内停留时间的显著性影响因素为转筒安装倾角和组合抄板平面滑板角;通过试验验证,完成了转筒倾角和组合抄板平面滑板角对物料停留时间影响的单因素试验,建立了相应的数学模型;通过对试验结果和仿真分析结果对比分析,经偏移修正后的仿真模型可以很好地预测物料在中筒内的停留时间;根据试验结果,转筒安装倾角不超过5°、组合抄板平面滑板角不小于40°时干燥效果好。 相似文献
2.
回转式日粮混合机混合机理分析与性能试验优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国日粮混合机机理研究及自主设计不足的问题,结合我国畜牧业发展的实际需要,设计了一种在筒体内壁安装抄板的回转式日粮混合机,实现日粮的均匀混合。为揭示其混合机理,利用回转式日粮混合试验装置,借助高速摄像技术对其混合过程进行了观察和分析,结果可知:按筒体内物料颗粒群运动特征可将物料分布区域划分为提料区、抛落区、回料区,其中抛落区是主混合区,其物料以剪切混合为主、以扩散与对流混合为辅,且各个区域的位置、大小、形状受结构和运行参数的影响很大;同时,以筒体转速、物料装载率、混合时间、抄板安装角和抄板高度为试验因素,以变异系数、净功耗为评价指标,采用五因素五水平(1/2部分实施)正交旋转组合试验方法进行了性能优化试验,并确定其最佳参数组合为:筒体转速23.5 r/min、物料装载率65%、混合时间4 min、抄板安装角11°、抄板高度109 mm,此时变异系数、净功耗分别为2.09%、33.734 kJ,比优化前分别降低了64.4%和15.1%。 相似文献
3.
为探究饲料调质器中物料的运动规律和黏结状态,基于CFD-DEM耦合的方法对调质器的工作过程进行仿真建模和作业参数优化。耦合模型建立方法：采用Pro/E三维软件建立调质器结构模型;利用Gambit软件对其进行网格划分,利用Fluent中的RNG k-ε湍流模型作为流体模型;利用离散元软件EDEM中的Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型建立饲料原料湿黏模型,并对两种模型进行边界参数和耦合参数等设定。以桨叶安装角、调质轴转速、填充率为试验因素,以调质器出料量为评价指标,按照三因素五水平正交旋转组合试验设计方法进行试验研究。利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件回归分析法和响应面分析法,建立了3个因素对调质器作业评价指标影响的数学模型,对调质器模型作业参数优化并进行了试验验证。结果表明,各因素对调质器出料量的影响显著性由大到小依次为填充率、调质轴转速、桨叶安装角;最佳作业参数组合方案为：桨叶安装角38.49°、调质轴转速182.2r/min、填充率58.4%,此时调质器出料量较高,生产率为13.1g/s。 相似文献
4.
根据我国推广日粮饲养技术的需要及日粮混合机自主创新研究少的现状,设计了一种由中空正十棱柱状转筒与其主轴上安装的桨叶组合而成的日粮混合机,实现日粮各组分的混合加工。为探究其混合性能,利用转筒与桨叶组合式日粮混合试验装置,以混合时间、填充率、转筒转速、桨叶回转半径为试验因素,以混合均匀度、净功耗为评价指标,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计方法进行试验研究。运用Design-Expert软件建立并优化分析了试验因素与评价指标之间的回归数学模型,对优化结果进行了试验验证。结果表明:各试验因素对混合均匀度的影响由大到小依次为填充率、转筒转速、混合时间、桨叶回转半径;各试验因素对净功耗的影响由大到小依次为混合时间、转筒转速、填充率、桨叶回转半径;最佳参数组合方案为混合时间3.5 min、填充率66%、转筒转速29 r/min和桨叶回转半径236 mm,对应的混合均匀度为92.98%、净功耗为32.618 k J,比优化前分别降低了5.04%、3.31%。 相似文献
5.
针对葡萄种植施肥过程中开沟作业功耗大的问题,根据新疆葡萄种植地土壤特性及葡萄种植模式,设计了一种适用于葡萄深施有机肥的开沟装置,主要由机架、刀盘总成及导流罩等组成。其中,开沟刀具依次间隔螺旋排列,刀具2把为1组,共7组14把。在完成开沟装置设计与土壤参数测定的基础上,利用离散元仿真软件建立了土壤颗粒模型及土壤-开沟装置交互模型,仿真分析了前进速度、刀盘转速及刀具组合对开沟作业功耗的影响。结果表明:前进速度、刀具组合、刀盘转速与刀具组合交互作用对开沟作业功耗影响显著。确定的最优参数组合为:前进速度801m/h,刀盘转速111r/min;刀盘组合为:刀A切土角150°、弯折角60°、工作幅宽133mm,刀B切土角180°、弯折角90°、工作幅宽166mm。此时,开沟作业功耗为17k W。 相似文献
6.
研究了在转筒干燥机内活动折弯抄板作用下的撒料特性及设计方法。通过分析颗粒性物料在抄板作用下随着转筒转动产生的分布状态变化,导出了理想状态下颗粒物料密度分布和撒落规律。在此基础上,导出抄板的理想表面轮廓方程,提出了一种直热式转筒干燥机活动折弯抄板的设计方法。 相似文献
7.
针对玉米种子三轴尺寸差异大,在取种过程中易造成漏取和重取的问题,设计了一种摆动夹取式玉米精量排种器,阐述其结构组成及工作原理,并对关键部件进行设计;通过建立的模型进行力学和运动学分析,得到了影响排种器取种性能的关键因素;通过EDEM软件建立仿真模型,分析种群高度及排种器转速对种群流转速度的影响规律,得到了排种器取种性能曲线;以取种块开合角、进种筒安装高度、排种器转速为试验因素,取种单粒率、漏取率、重取率为评价指标进行二次正交旋转组合仿真试验,结果表明最优参数组合为取种块开合角43.87°、进种筒安装高度37.84 mm、排种器转速0.41 r/s,在最优参数组合下进行排种性能台架验证试验,得到排种器排种合格指数为94.11%、漏播指数为2.52%、重播指数为3.37%,满足行业标准及农艺要求,研究结果为机械式玉米精量排种器关键部件的设计优化提供了理论参考。 相似文献
8.
对番茄秸秆碎料的本征参数和接触参数进行测定,以物料自然休止角为判断依据,通过正交试验法标定离散元仿真参数组合,并分别进行仿真试验和样机试验,分析发现:桶内物料颗粒宏观上为对流混合过程;物料颗粒与叶片表面法向方向形成一定角度做发散运动,距离叶片越远,颗粒速度越小;上下叶片之间存在很多湍流区域,无明显直径方向上扩散运动过程;叶片转速提高、螺距增大、填充高度降低都有利于物料混合均匀,揭示的高效混合机理为后期设备的开发与优化提供理论基础. 相似文献
9.
针对灭茬刀耕作阻力大、磨损严重等问题,优化设计了灭茬刀及刀辊。通过理论分析,得到影响灭茬刀耕作阻力和损伤情况的因素为灭茬刀正切刃滑切角、侧切刃滑切角和弯折角,并确定灭茬刀作业状态稳定时正切刃滑切角的取值范围为0°～16°,侧切刃滑切角的取值范围为47°～68°,弯折角的取值范围为90°～130°。在有限元软件ABAQUS中对土壤建立Drucker-Prager本构模型,并进行了灭茬刀切割土壤的运动学仿真试验,设计为三因素三水平正交试验。结果表明:影响灭茬刀作业过程中应力和应变变化的主次因素为侧切刃滑切角、弯折角、正切刃滑切角,当正切刃滑切角16°、侧切刃滑切角68°、弯折角110°时,灭茬刀的应力和应变较优,且方差分析得到各因素对应力和应变的影响均显著。田间试验结果表明:优化设计的灭茬刀较行业标准灭茬率提高9.57%,碎土率提高6.6%,灭茬深度稳定性系数提高4.2%,灭茬刀作业效果优良。 相似文献
10.
基于COSMOS的还田机械旋耕刀弯折角优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
弯折角是影响还田机械旋耕刀质量以及旋耕刀辊功率消耗的重要参数.为减少旋耕刀质量,降低旋耕刀辊功耗,利用有限元软件cosMOsWorks对旋耕刀弯折角进行优化分析,研究了不同弯折角时旋耕刀质量及应力分布关系.研究结果表明,旋耕刀弯折角最佳取值范围为125°～130°.经动力仿真分析验证,旋耕刀辊的功耗也得到了降低. 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献