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1.
A regional study of consumer satisfaction and preferences for various chestnut attributes was conducted in 2009. Surveys were distributed to five chestnut growers/sellers in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio and Illinois to accompany chestnut sales to their individual customers. Returned surveys represented consumers from 18 states, mainly the U.S. Midwest but also from the East and West coasts. The survey measured consumer satisfaction with the chestnuts purchased (by using affective, cognitive and behavioral constructs), assessed consumer’s general knowledge about chestnuts, frequency of consumption and familiarity with cooking. The survey also included a choice-based conjoint analysis to evaluate the effects of origin, production process and price on consumer preferences for chestnuts. Results show that high satisfaction with chestnuts purchased increases the likelihood of future purchase. Most consumers who buy chestnuts know that chestnuts need to be refrigerated but more educational effort is needed regarding the low fat content of chestnuts as compared to other nuts and the gluten-free attribute of chestnut flour. Conjoint analysis of chestnut attributes (origin, production process and price) confirmed results of past studies. Holding other attributes constant, chestnut origin is the most important attribute influencing purchases, consumers strongly preferring locally grown chestnuts over U.S. grown or imported. Chestnuts grown organically or pesticide free were preferred over conventional production. Price also has a significant influence on the purchase decision but its relative effect was lowered when bundled with the other product attributes. 相似文献
2.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(1-2):29-37
Abstract This paper describes a study on consumer preferences for wooden and non-wooden flooring. The conjoint analysis approach was applied on two populations: customers in a do-it-yourself (DIY) outlet and university students; and for two flooring applications: living room and kitchen. The results showed that floor type was the most important factor for preference formation, followed by environmental certification and warranty. Price and a DVD with installation instructions were of minor importance to the customers. Wooden floorings were preferred to laminate alternatives. University students placed a higher emphasis on ecolabelling, whereas DIY customers focused mainly on the type of flooring. Floor type was a more important attribute for living room applications than for the kitchen, and price was a more important factor when kitchen flooring was considered in comparison with living room flooring. 相似文献
3.
The current study aimed to determine how the pest management practice applied during crop production may impact consumer purchase intentions of an edible (tomato) and a non-edible (chrysanthemum) greenhouse crop. The study examined five pest management practices and applied conjoint analysis to evaluate the relative importance of the pest management practice compared to several other product factors (price, benefit claims related to the pest management practice, tomato variety/flower colour, quality) in contributing to consumers’ purchase intentions. Out of the factors examined, price (26–29 % relative importance) and the pest management practice (22–25 % relative importance) were the most important to consumers. In both studies, there were segments of the sampled populations (13.5–24 %) for whom the pest management practice was the most important factor driving purchase decisions. These segments had significantly more consumers with low confidence in science and technology and preferred products grown using organic practices or pests’ natural predators. In the tomatoes study (crop intended for consumption), the proportion of pest management conscious consumers nearly doubled compared to the chrysanthemums study. Findings suggest that making consumers aware that a product has been produced using pests’ natural predators (i.e. using biocontrol strategies) for pest management could convince a significant segment of the population to purchase these products over other similar products. When the crop is edible, a higher proportion of consumers becomes concerned with the production practice. 相似文献
4.
Augustin K.N. Aoudji Anselme Adégbidi Jean C. Ganglo Valentin Agbo Armand S.I. Yêvidé Charles De Cannière Philippe Lebailly 《Forest Policy and Economics》2011,13(8):642-651
The study used the expectancy-disconfirmation framework to investigate the satisfaction among urban consumers of teak pole in South Benin, so as to identify the areas where interventions are needed to secure market opportunity for smallholder forestry. A survey was conducted in five cities; and 223 household-heads were interviewed using systematic sampling, with a random start. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, teak pole consumption forms, behaviour patterns, and motivations. Respondents also rated their expectations and perceptions for a set of nine attributes on a 7 points Likert scale. Hierarchical ascending cluster analysis was performed to identify consumer segments; and satisfaction level was analysed per segment, by determining the gap between expectations and perceptions, for all attributes. Four consumer segments were identified; and sociodemographic profiles differed across those segments. Competitive price was an important purchasing motivation across the identified segments. Consumers were dissatisfied with price, availability, knot frequency, bending, length, hardness, and durability of teak pole. The efforts to meet the consumer expectations should be concentrated on building farmers' capacity in silvicultural management, and ensuring the availability of good planting material. The issue of competitive price might be addressed, through the improvement of the overall efficiency in the value chain. 相似文献
5.
Silas O. Ongudi M.W. Ngigi P.K. Kimurto 《East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal》2017,82(2-4):175-187
Globally, micronutrient deficiency is a major health concern as more than two billion people suffer from iron deficiency, 1.75 billion are at risk of low zinc intake, while 127 million pre-school children suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Consumption of iron biofortified pearl millet is one optimal strategy for reducing micronutrient deficiencies, which is a major health concern. However, its consumption is unclear due to changes in product traits (appearance, aroma and flavour) from biofortification. Therefore, we centred on the hypothetical introduction of a biofortified pearl millet variety in Mbeere District, Kenya, where most staple crops record poor yields. We used a contingent valuation method in estimating consumer willingness to pay (WTP), on a sample of 100 biofortified pearl millet consumers. Our findings indicate that consumers were willing to pay an average premium of 42 percent above the prevailing market price of finger millet varieties. Factors directly influencing WTP were: frequency of consuming finger millet; whether consumer is a household decision maker or otherwise; household income and consumer’s previous experience; and level of awareness concerning the benefit of consuming biofortified pearl millet products. These results suggest the need for market segmentation with more attention given to high-income households with good knowledge of pearl millet in promoting biofortified pearl millet products. 相似文献
6.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):54-65
Analysis of consumer demand for packaging suggests that: plastic packaging is a luxury good, while paper packaging is a normal good, paper packaging demand increases with the price of plastic packaging, and that demand for paper packaging is most sensitive to its own price, and to the income of consumers. In a complementary analysis of input demand in the converting paper industry it was found that the demand for each paper grade is price inelastic, capital and other materials are substitutes for paper, while labor is a complement, technical change rapidly decreases the use of unbleached kraft packaging and industrial converting, and increases the use of other grades. The demand for each paper grade, derived from the consumer demand and the factor demand functions, showed that, from 1983 to 1991, the demand for paper in packaging was influenced mainly by consumer income, and by the price of paper packaging, and less so by the price of paper itself, or by the price of plastic packaging. 相似文献
7.
板栗茶树间作模式的生态学基础 总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15
定位观测和分析结果表明,与纯茶园相比,栗茶间作茶园内影响茶叶产量和品质的小气候条件及土壤条件均得到较大的改善,林分结构较为复杂,且更为完善.从种群生态位基础来看,表现为所研究的各生态因素在地上部分和地下部分呈垂直上的成层性和水平上的交错和镶嵌性;从时间位置结构基础来看,表现为各生态因素在时间位置上部分重叠的协调性.通过对两种类型茶园内春茶期、夏茶期的光照强度变化、气温日变化、大气湿度日变化、净光合速率日变化、蒸腾强度日均值、土壤的有机质含量等方面进行测定比较,为板栗茶树复合生态系统的经营提供了理论依据. 相似文献
8.
Katie L. Burke 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(6):1027-1033
Disturbance histories drive spatiotemporal patterns of species distributions, and multiple disturbances can have complex effects on these patterns of distribution. The introduction of the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murril.) Barr.) to the eastern United States in the early 1900s coincided with an increase in logging, thus presenting an ideal situation for studying the effect of two disturbance events, logging and disease. The purpose of this study was to compare chestnut (Castanea dentata) abundance and the prevalence of chestnut blight among (1) sites that were and were not logged for chestnuts during the blight pandemic and (2) sites that varied in time since the last logging event. Current chestnut abundance and chestnut blight prevalence were assessed in areas where chestnut was known to occur before the blight. Elevation, soil pH, slope, aspect, age of canopy trees, and presence or absence of chestnut stumps indicating selective logging of chestnuts were recorded at each site. Chestnuts were more abundant on sites that had not been selectively logged for pre-blight chestnuts. Chestnut presence was more likely at high elevations (857 m ± 33 m). Chestnut abundance was greater at high elevations (>1000 m) and acidic soils (pH 4-5). Chestnut blight prevalence was not correlated with any measured environmental variable. Rather, 15.1% of all chestnut stems were infected with blight regardless of chestnut density. Thus, higher chestnut abundance is not due to lower mortality from the chestnut blight, although the temporal dynamics of blight infection and stem recovery were not within the scope of this study. This research shows that local rates of chestnut population decline differ between locations with different chestnut logging histories. Chestnut site preferences are better understood within the context of history, and thus teasing apart the effects of disease, logging, and environment will result in more successful chestnut restoration efforts. 相似文献
9.
The presence of roads in any landscape is known to negatively influence terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Many tourist destinations and religious enclaves in developing countries are inside protected areas (PA). They are well connected by roads and attract thousands of visitors. The effect of such large human congregations inside PA on biodiversity is not well understood. Here, we address the impacts of increased vehicular traffic due to religious tourism on local fauna inside the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in south India. We sampled sections of surfaced roads for mortalities before and during an annual festival across three habitats in 2008 and 2009. Millipedes, anurans, insects and reptiles dominated the mortalities and mammals avoided the roads. A total of 1413 individuals belonging to 56 species were killed on roads. Nocturnal species constituted 50% of these mortalities and 64% of the species composition. There was a 299% increase in road mortalities and 648% increase in nocturnal species mortality during the festival compared to those before the festival. Mean mortalities varied across habitats and were highest in moist deciduous forests. Mortalities were influenced significantly by vehicular traffic rather than rainfall. Indications of a temporary local extinction were evident beyond certain threshold of vehicular movement. The number of vehicles plying on the roads was three times higher than the threshold level as determined in this study. The festival also had a spillover effect by causing increased mortalities on roads not connected to the temple. We discuss several strategies to minimize impacts due to large scale vehicular movement inside protected areas. 相似文献
10.
Masakazu Hiraide 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(3):265-269
This study formed part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], in accordance with consumer preferences, and deals with the search for substances that increase the odorous
component content. From analysis of sulfur and sulfur-containing substances in the culture substrate, rice bran was found
to be the main source of sulfur, and 75% of this was present as cysteine and methionine. The sulfur-containing substances
were added to a sawdust medium containing only rice bran and sawdust as a substrate; shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in
the medium, the fruiting bodies were dried, and the 1,2,4-trithiolane content in the fruiting bodies was measured as an indicator
of the odorous compounds. Of the sulfur-containing substances, those that increased odorous compounds the most were cysteine
and methionine. The efficiency of cysteine in this regard was higher than that of methionine. It was also noted that the amount
of glutamic acid increased the odorous compounds in combination with cysteine and methionine. Furthermore, the addition of
both amino acids and glutamic acid had no negative effect on the yield. These results showed that it is possible to produce
dried shiitake mushrooms with a smell suitable for particular consumer preferences. 相似文献
11.
Theodoros Koutroumanidis Eleni Zafeiriou Garyfallos Arabatzis 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(1):56-64
The present paper studies the existence of asymmetry in the price transmission mechanism between the producer and the consumer prices in the sector of forest products. In particular, the research is focused οn the round wood of long length (> 2 m). For the study of the asymmetry, the Johansen cointegration analysis was used while at the same time two dynamic models were estimated: The Error Correction Model (ECM Model), and the LSE?Henry general to specific model (GETS model). With the assistance of the cointegration technique, we surveyed the existence of a long-run relationship between the producers and the consumers in the Greek round wood market, while the application of the Granger causality test has shown that the consumer price Granger causes the producer price whereas the reverse is not valid. Furthermore, the application of the GETS model confirmed the existence of asymmetry in the price transmission mechanism within the round wood market. Finally, the role of imports in the determination of the producer prices is vital and is confirmed by the findings of the cointegration technique and the Granger causality test. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(4):27-52
Abstract Quantification of channel efficiency in the marketing of non-timber forest products (NTFP) is essential for developing strategies to improve income to communities dependent on forests at existing harvest levels. A methodology for quantification of marketing channel efficiency is suggested. For illustrative purposes the method has been applied to a small sample of four NTFP gathered in twelve villages and the associated market functionaries in India. The NTFP gatherers' share in the consumer price and profit earned by a manufacturing unit from NTFP has been estimated. An attempt has been made to relate these two estimates to the marketing channel efficiency for the NTFP. An analysis of the marketing channel efficiency formulation shows that the operation cost in an organization is a constraint limiting the gatherers' share in the consumer price. 相似文献
13.
Chestnut ink disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, a soil‐borne pathogen of world‐wide distribution, accounts for the majority of disease problems on chestnuts in Portugal, limiting yield in a large number of stands and impeding establishment of trees in new areas. A survey was carried out in 32 chestnut stands in the Padrela Mountains of northern Portugal to investigate the relationship among ink disease occurrence, edaphic factors and management practices. A logistic regression function was employed to analyze the effect of soil attributes and management practices on the stand health status. Results showed that the main factors affecting disease were soil compaction (COMP), soil organic matter level (OM) and manuring practice (MA). A logistic model containing the soil variable COMP and the interaction term OM × MA correctly predicted the stand health status in 94%, or 30, of the 32 stands studied. The logistic function coefficients indicate that the probability of a stand having ink disease increases with increasing soil compaction and increasing soil organic matter content in stands where manuring is the usual practice. 相似文献
14.
指出了旅游饭店市场的行业竞争形式由价格竞争、质量竞争升级为更高级的品牌竞争,随着消费者的饭店产品消费观成熟,以及世界金融危机爆发加剧行业危机,构成了旅游饭店品牌营销的大背景。结合当前旅游饭店品牌营销的现状,对富淳餐饮集团品牌营销的不足进行了分析,从营销意识、人才培养、品牌管理、市场定位等方面提出了改善建议。 相似文献
15.
文中对中国8个碳交易市场现状分析发现，碳市场价格呈现总体偏低、均衡性差、稳定性弱的特征；剖析中国碳价形成机制表明，碳政策缺失或过于宽松、林业碳汇抵消占比过低、经济过度依赖高能耗产业及环保投入不足等是形成目前碳价特征的关键原因，可为中国统一碳市场、完善价格机制提供参考。 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the environmental value of recycled wood wastes using conjoint analysis. Conjoint
analysis is one of many multi-attribute preference-elicitation techniques widely used in market research. A comparison of
the pair-wise rating method and the choice experiment elicitation method is made. An empirical study estimates the value of
recycled water cleaners using pair-wise rating and choice experiments. Water cleaners have many attributes, including their
cleaning performance, replacement time, size, color, and price. Existing water-cleaning filters use propylene or polyethylene,
which are made from petroleum resources. These filters become waste after being replaced. Another type of water-cleaning filter
is being developed, known as a “recycled filter,” which is made from construction industry wood wastes and logs from thinning.
This recycled filter can subsequently be dissolved by bacteria. An empirical study of recycled water-cleaning filters made
from wood wastes shows that recycling has significant value as estimated by both pair-wise rating and choice experiments.
However, the estimated marginal willingness to pay for recycling differs between the two methods. It may be that profile design
effects appear in our survey. 相似文献
17.
N. C. Saxena 《Agroforestry Systems》1991,13(1):73-85
During the early eighties farmers in north-west India planted Eucalyptus on a massive scale for sale as poles and pulpwood. However, after 1986 farmers in this region have almost stopped growing Eucalyptus, as their experience with its marketing was not a happy one. The pole market got saturated, paper mills did not pay a remunerative price, and fuelwood prices were low and uneconomical. More important, because of legal restrictions on the transport and sale of wood, and other institutional factors, the gap in the farmgate price and the consumer price remained very wide. Wood markets have, on the whole, exploited the farmers, rather than helped them. Due to this, the short period of flirtation with tree crops seems to be over for at least resident farmers in those very areas in north-west India where they had so enthusiastically planted Eucalyptus in the early 1980s.Abbreviations BDO
Block Development Officer
- Headloaders
poor people who collect firewood on their heads from forest lands for consumption and sale
- m ha
million hectares
- Rs
Indian Rupee 16 Rs = 1 US Dollar in 1989
- panchayat
elected village organisation
- pradhan
village chief
On study leave from the Government of India to the Oxford Forestry Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, U.K. Present address: 17 Ponnappa Road, Allahabad 211001, India 相似文献
18.
19.
Information about people’s preferences as to wood products is of relevance to several decision makers in the forest sector.
Studies revealing consumer preference provide information that can be used for marketing and manufacturing of wood products,
but these also provide information of relevance to designers and decision makers involved in building design and construction
processes. Previous studies show that the overall harmony of the visual surface is correlated with preference. In this study,
perceived visual homogeneity is modeled for five copper-impregnated and five organic biocide-impregnated decking materials
with different visual quality. The models are based on visual variables. Homogeneity is a function of material-dependent variables
(dry knots, knot shape, and splay knot), production-dependent variables (stain), and surplus color, which is a combination
of both wood property and treatment. The results imply that homogeneity is influenced by both wood properties and treatment.
Producers of decking should, while maintaining a focus on using high-quality raw material, also focus on producing a product
with an unstained appearance. 相似文献