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1.
Cancer is a complex disease caused in part by predisposing germline gene polymorphisms. Knowledge of carcinogenesis in companion mammals (dog and cat) and some livestock species (pig and horse) is quite advanced. The prevalence of certain cancers varies by breed in these species, suggesting the presence of predisposing genetic variants in susceptible breeds. This review summarizes the present understanding of germline gene polymorphisms, including BRCA1, BRCA2, MC1R, KIT, NRAS and RAD51, associated with predisposition to melanoma, mammary cancer, osteosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma in dogs, cats, pigs and horses. The predisposing variants in these species are discussed in the context of human germline gene polymorphisms associated with the same types of cancer.  相似文献   

2.
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a haemorrhagic disease of newborn calves elicited by colostrum from specific cows. Two studies have indicated that BNP-inducing colostrum might be associated with alloantibodies directed against MHC class I in response to vaccination with a distinct inactivated viral vaccine. However, the proportion of alloantibody-producing individuals by far exceeds the proportion of clinical BNP cases in the vaccinated population. This raises the question about the incidence of subclinical, unrecognised cases and also suggests further factors involved in BNP pathogenesis, e.g., genetic predisposition. Our results on neonatal calves from a closely monitored resource population confirmed the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for clinical BNP and suggest that the predisposition is also involved in subclinical BNP-cases. No indication was obtained for a higher frequency of subclinical BNP-cases compared with clinical cases. Neither time point nor frequency of vaccination was a relevant factor for BNP in our resource population.  相似文献   

3.
This study describes clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features of amyloid A amyloidosis occurring in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) from eight U.S. zoological institutions. Ferrets had nonregenerative anemia, serum chemistries consistent with chronic renal disease, and proteinuria. Amyloid was present in a variety of tissues, but it was most severe in renal glomeruli and associated with tubular protein loss and emaciation. Congo red/potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and immunohistochemical stains revealed that the amyloid was of the AA type. Concurrent diseases and genetic predisposition were considered the most important contributing factors to development of amyloidosis. Analysis of the genetic tree did not reveal convincing evidence of a common ancestor in the affected ferrets, but a genetic predisposition is likely because all the captive black-footed ferrets are related.  相似文献   

4.
The presentation of approximately 40 dairy cows affected with left-side displacement of the abomasum (LDA) per annum in a cattle practice in East Gippsland, Victoria provided an opportunity to conduct a survey and case-control study of the disease in a grazing environment. The study, involving 37 dairy cows at pasture, revealed significant differences from the pattern of the disease occurring in the northern hemisphere where cows in older age groups, of larger frame size, higher production and fed high grain rations are at increased risk. Affected cows were diagnosed over a 10-month period and represented approximately 0.06% of the dairy cow population. Most cases were diagnosed in the early lactation period. Evidence for a genetic predisposition was suggested by the discovery that one sire generated a disproportionately large number (9) of the cows with LDA. Although affected cows were average producers in their herds, being a member of a high-producing herd was a significant risk factor.  相似文献   

5.
A review of the salient features of osteochondrosis in the horse   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
There appears to be an increasing incidence of osteochondrosis in young fast-growing horses in Europe and the USA. The disease is thought to be congenital in type and affects endochondral ossification in growing bones. It can be localised to one joint or may be a generalised condition. The clinical manifestations of the disease lead to a secondary chronic degenerative joint disease in adult animals. There is a genetic predisposition to the condition which is associated with rapid growth and excessive high energy feeding. The careful genetic selection of bloodstock and restricted intake in early life can greatly assist in decreasing the incidence of the disease.  相似文献   

6.
The pathological findings in 87 cases of canine splenic abnormality recognised clinically by abdominal palpation or radiography, or at exploratory laparotomy, are presented. The most common diagnosis was of splenic neoplasia (n = 38) and the most frequently recognised canine splenic neoplasm was haemangiosarcoma (17 of 38 cases). Benign splenic enlargement secondary to nodular hyperplasia (n = 6), haematoma (n = 16) or non-specific changes including congestion, haemorrhage, extramedullary haemopoiesis and haemosiderin deposition (n = 14) was also recognised. A diagnosis of non-specific pathology was more frequently recorded when portions of spleen, as opposed to the entire organ, were submitted for assessment. Splenic infarction, with (n = 3) or without (n = 7) torsion, abscessation (n = 2) and focal mast cell proliferation (n = 1) accounted for the remainder of the cases. Clinical follow-up was available for 35 cases and revealed good long-term survival in cases of splenic haematoma or haemangioma, with relatively poor survival with a diagnosis of splenic haemangiosarcoma or anaplastic sarcoma. A range of splenic disorders was recognised in dogs of the labrador breed (16 of 87 cases) and three of 17 cases of haemangiosarcoma occurred in German shepherd dogs. The possible predisposition of dogs of these breeds to splenic disorders is discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases in sheep were diagnosed for the first time in Norway in 1998. They are now identified in small ruminants in most European countries and represent an increasingly large proportion of the scrapie cases diagnosed in Europe. Atypical/Nor98 scrapie isolates have shown to be experimentally transmissible into transgenic mice and sheep but the properties of the TSE agent involved, like its biological and biochemical features, are so clearly distinct from the agent involved in classical scrapie that they have provided a challenging diagnostic for many years. No strain diversity has yet been identified among the atypical/Nor98 scrapie sample cases. The genetic predisposition of the sheep affected by atypical/Nor98 scrapie is almost inverted compared to classical scrapie, and the exact origin of this sporadic TSE strain is still speculative, but a spontaneous, non-contagious origin, like sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, can not be excluded. Further transmission and epidemiological studies are needed to better address this hypothesis.  相似文献   

8.
Otter A  Pow I  Reid HW 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(11):321-324
An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) resulted in the deaths of 12 cattle in a herd of 77 animals during seven weeks in 1999; in addition, one cow developed a milder disease which was confirmed as MCF by PCR for ovine herpesvirus 2 DNA and an immunofluorescent antibody test for antibodies to the virus, but recovered. Further PCR and serological testing revealed the infection in three other animals, none of which developed clinical disease. Hypocuprosis and the possibility of a genetic predisposition were identified as factors which may have contributed to the outbreak.  相似文献   

9.

Background

Previous research has indicated a breed predisposition to gastric carcinoma in dogs. However, results to date are inconsistent since several studies have failed to prove such a predisposition. Better knowledge of breeds at risk could facilitate early detection of gastric carcinoma in dogs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the proportion and possible breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma using the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register for calculations of proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) for the period 1998–2009.

Results

Histologically verified tumours recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register were studied (n = 19,715). A total of 31 (0.16%) cases of canine gastric carcinomas were identified. The median age of affected dogs was 10 years. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Males had significantly higher odds of gastric carcinoma than females (P = 0.02). The PMR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each breed, and a breed predisposition was identified. Individuals of the breeds Tervuren (PMR 56.1), Bouvier des Flandres (PMR 36.5), Groenendael (PMR 34.5), Collie (PMR 26.1), Standard poodle (PMR 7.6), and Norwegian elkhound (PMR 6.1) had a significantly increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma.

Discussion and conclusion

The proportion of cases of gastric carcinoma recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register was found to be 0.16%, and a breed predisposition was identified. The breed predisposition observed in the current study indicates a genetic susceptibility to gastric carcinoma.  相似文献   

10.
Chimeric mice often are created through the genetic manipulation of the mouse embryo in the process of developing animal models of disease. These mice have variable percentages of their somatic and germ cells derived from the donor embryonic stem cells and host blastocysts. In the development of mouse models deficient in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (Brca2) or the 70-kd heat shock protein (Hsp70-2), 3-4-week-old chimeras developed single or multiple masses composed of both well-differentiated and poorly differentiated tissues derived from all three germ layers. These cases of extragonadal teratocarcinoma, a rarely reported tumor, may be related to the genetic predisposition of the 129/Ola mouse strain used to generate the embryonic stem cells.  相似文献   

11.
The postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) represents one of the most important diseases after parturition in sows. The genetic background of the disease has been investigated some time ago and heritability estimates around 0.10 have been obtained. To compute current estimates, a dataset of 1680 sampled sows and their 2001 clinically examined litters was used for variance components estimation with a threshold liability model. Affected sows were defined through clinical examination 12–48 h after parturition. Posterior mean of additive genetic variance was 0.10 and estimated heritability for PDS averaged 0.0879 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.0876 and 0.0881. The results are in agreement with those of other studies and emphasize the importance of considering the genetic predisposition for susceptibility to PDS as well as of additional factors including hygiene and management conditions.  相似文献   

12.
In 2009–2010, an unusual lymphoproliferative disease was identified in multiple siblings from successive litters of Manx cats, suggesting a genetic predisposition to development of this disease. Presentation of disease in the cats had multiple similarities with the human disease ALPS, a rare inherited disorder that causes persistent lymphoproliferation, together with variable manifestations of autoimmunity and increased susceptibility to neoplasia. The majority of human ALPS patients have inherited Fas gene mutations, causing defective apoptosis of lymphocytes, although for a proportion of ALPS patients the underlying genetic mutations remain unknown. In order to identify the likely mode of inheritance of the disease, further matings of potential carrier cats are in progress. Studies to investigate the potential role of abnormalities in the Fas gene in the development of the disease in cats are also proposed. Identifying and further characterising the nature and mechanism of the disease in cats may allow better understanding of the development, progression, and treatment of ALPS in humans.  相似文献   

13.
Idiopathic cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy of greyhounds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
An idiopathic disease involving skin and occasionally kidneys was seen in kenneled and racing greyhounds. Hemorrhages, fibrinoid arteritis, thrombosis, and infarction with deep, slowly healing ulcers characterized the skin lesions. Peracute renal glomerular necrosis, particularly involving afferent arterioles with intravascular coagulation in glomerular capillaries were the distinctive findings in affected kidneys. A complex pathogenesis of this disorder was suspected in which genetic predisposition plays a prominent role.  相似文献   

14.
The clinicopathological features of 90 cases of canine multicentric lymphoma are described. The majority of cases occurred in middle-aged dogs (five to eight years of age) with a mean age at presentation of 6–7 years. A marked sex predisposition was noted with male dogs out numbering females by 2:1. No significant breed predispositions were found. The most common presentation was a generalised lymphadenopathy but in approximately one-third of the cases this was accompanied by other signs including polyuria and polydipsia, facial oedema and upper respiratory tract obstruction. Approximately two-thirds of all the cases showed non-specific haematological abnormalities including thrombocytopenia, anaemia and white blood cell anomalies. All the cases were clinically staged according to the anatomical extent of the disease. The majority of the dogs were classified as stage 3 or above, denoting that the disease is invariably widespread or systemic upon initial presentation.  相似文献   

15.
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of dendritic cell origin that is common in certain breeds of dogs. High prevalence of fatal, disseminated HS has been described in Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMDs). Support for genetic predisposition to develop HS has been presented in several studies, but to date, causative genetic events have not been reported. In addition, no driver mutations have been identified in tumours. Recently, E76K gain‐of‐function mutation in SHP2 encoded by the PTPN11 gene has been described in human histiocytic malignancies. In our study, we identified the PTPN11E76K in HS of BMDs. Amplification of exon 3 of the PTPN11 gene followed by Sanger sequencing was used to detect the mutation and estimate the prevalence in HS from 30 BMDs, 13 Golden Retrievers and 10 other dog breeds. The overall prevalence of PTPN11E76K in HS of BMDs was 36.67% compared with 8.69% in other breeds. No mutation was identified in normal tissues from 10 BMDs with HS that carried the mutation and 12 control dogs with no neoplastic disease, including 6 BMDs. Increased immunoreactivity for AKT, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT in a small subset of BMDs with PTPN11E76K suggests that a gain‐of‐function might be mediated by the ERK and AKT pathways. These data suggest PTPN11E76K as an important driver mutation of HS in BMDs. This information may not only aid in unravelling the tumourigenic events associated with HS in BMDs, but also help in identifying more promising therapeutic strategies.  相似文献   

16.
The Iberian lynx is the most endangered felid species in the world, confined nowadays to two isolated metapopulations in the southwest of Spain, where less than 200 individuals survive. Little is known about the diseases that affect these animals in the wild or in captivity. Kidney samples from necropsies of 27 Iberian lynxes, wild and captive, were examined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IgG, IgM, IgA, laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin), electron microscopy (n=8) and immunogold labelling for IgM, IgG and IgA in one case, in order to characterize the glomerulopathy prevalent in this species. Urinalyses from records were available for 9 of the necropsied animals and blood and urine samples from 23 free ranging and captive Iberian lynxes were prospectively obtained in order to evaluate the renal function of the living population. A focal, diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) that progressed with age was diagnosed in all but one of the animals in different stages not associated to concurrently known infectious diseases. Positive immunoexpression of IgM and IgG was observed in the glomerular capillary basement membranes and intramembranous electron-dense deposits, compatible with immune complexes (ICs) were seen with electron microscopy. The immunogold labelling was also positive for IgM and IgG in the electron-dense areas. The serum biochemistry and urinalyses also revealed signs of mild chronic kidney disease in 16 of the 23 animals evaluated. In conclusion, the membranous glomerulopathy affecting the Iberian lynx is a progressive disease of immune origin. We postulate a possible genetic predisposition towards the disease, enhanced by inbreeding and a possible connection to an immune-mediated systemic disease.  相似文献   

17.
Acquired canine myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are directed against muscle postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Three adult great dane littermates were evaluated over a four month time period for an acute onset of generalised neuromuscular signs. All three dogs had elevated serum acetylcholine receptor antibody titres, which were considered diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. Identification of three littermates with acquired myasthenia gravis in a breed with a low relative risk of developing the disease suggests a familial and possibly a genetic predisposition to myasthenia gravis in this family of dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Evaluation of risk and clinical outcome of mast cell tumours in pug dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mast cell tumours (MCT) are common in dogs and characterized by diverse biologic behaviour. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of MCT in pugs and to describe the clinical behaviour of MCT in this breed. Data obtained from the Veterinary Medicine Database demonstrate significantly increased frequency of MCT in pugs compared with other dogs (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.81–2.86). The medical records for 25 purebred pugs with a histologic diagnosis of MCT were reviewed. Multiple cutaneous tumours were documented in 14 (56 %) of the dogs. Histologic review of 64 tumours from these dogs confirmed that most tumours (94%) were low to intermediate grade. Sixty‐four per cent of these dogs are still living, while only three dogs (12%) have died due to mast cell disease. A median survival time has not been reached. The median follow‐up time is 660 days from the diagnosis of the first MCT. We conclude that MCT in pugs are relatively benign, despite the presence of multiple cutaneous tumours in most cases. Multiple tumours in breeds with predisposition to MCT may indicate separate primaries rather than advanced stage disease.  相似文献   

19.
In 2 successive matings of the same dam and sire in a Greyhound kennel, 1 of 6 puppies and 2 of 6 puppies were born with persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) in the first and second litters, respectively. Many congenital heart defects in dogs are believed to be heritable; however, proof of this has been difficult to obtain. Genetic predisposition to PRAA has been reported in German Shepherd Dogs and Irish Setters. The occurrence of PRAA in related Greyhounds within a kennel suggested a genetic predisposition to PRAA in a breed with which it has not been associated previously. Although the number of matings available for analysis was insufficient to conclusively prove a genetic basis for these observations, the occurrence of PRAA in puppies arising from successive matings of the same dam and sire strongly suggests that some lines of dogs of various breeds may be genetically predisposed to PRAA.  相似文献   

20.
Soft tissue sarcoma constitutes a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours. Although they are common in the dog, many uncertainties surround the best options for clinical management. Despite recent improvements in outcome, approximately one in five patients may still die as a result of their disease. There is some evidence that wide surgical excision may not be required for every soft tissue sarcoma but, conversely, complacency in treatment may adversely affect outcomes for patients with aggressive disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the issues affecting the management of canine soft tissue sarcoma, and to evaluate the human literature for lessons that may guide future treatment directions for dogs. Comparative lessons from human soft tissue sarcoma that may be important for the canine patient in the future include (1) understanding the oncogenic potential of the pseudocapsule to better predict tumour behaviour and optimal surgical margins, (2) recognising the importance of planned multi‐modality therapy for improving tumour control, (3) considering a role for compartmental resection strategies and (4) improving the accuracy of pretreatment analysis of the tumour to better predict behaviour and optimal treatment options.  相似文献   

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