共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 803 毫秒
1.
为培育优质北京油鸡配套系提供理论依据,试验采用北京油鸡纯系(Y系)与北京油鸡合成品系(G系)进行正反杂交,观测亲本及其杂交组合的体尺、外貌性状、生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质性状,并比较各性状的杂种优势。结果表明:Y系与G系的正反交组合不仅在生长性能、屠宰性能及相应的肉质性能上具有显著的杂种优势,而且杂交后代能够很好地保持北京油鸡的外貌特征;在正反交组合中,以Y系为父系、G系为母系的正交组合(YG)表现的更为优秀。说明北京油鸡在优质鸡育种和杂交利用上更适合做父系,以充分利用其优良的遗传品质。 相似文献
2.
北京油鸡与贵妃鸡杂交效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以北京油鸡和贵妃鸡为素材,比较北京油鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(YY)、贵妃鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(GG)、北京油鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(YG)、贵妃鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(GY)4种组合的外貌、体重、屠宰性能和肉质性状.结果表明:杂交后代凤头、胡须、毛腿、双五趾个体比例分别是99.4％、88.1％、95.2％和72.0％;6～20周体重显著高于贵妃鸡(P＜0.01),16周屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率高于北京油鸡(P＜0.01).以北京油鸡为母本的杂交组,同周龄体重有高于北京油鸡为父本杂交组的趋势,且屠宰率和胸肌率较高(P＜0.05),为最佳组合. 相似文献
3.
品种、日龄及饲养方式对鸡肉肌苷酸和肌内脂肪含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验旨在研究品种、日龄和饲养方式对鸡肉肌苷酸(IMP)和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响及其互作效应.选取爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡和北京油鸡各240只,每个品种均分笼养和地面平养2种饲养方式,每种饲养方式120只鸡(均为6个重复,每个重复20只),在21和42日龄分别比较2种饲养方式下鸡的胸肌IMP和IMF含量,并分析其脂肪酸组成.结果表明:1)IMP含量北京油鸡显著高于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),42日龄显著高于21日龄(P<0.05),品种和日龄对鸡肉IMP含量的影响存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05);2)IMF含量北京油鸡显著高于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),42日龄显著高于21日龄(P<0.05),笼养显著高于平养(P<0.05),3个因素对鸡肉IMF含量的影响无显著的互作效应(P>0.05);3)脂肪酸含量除C18:2和C24:0为北京油鸡显著高于AA肉鸡(P<0.05)外,其余脂肪酸则为AA肉鸡显著高于北京油鸡(P<0.05);AA肉鸡不饱和脂肪酸含量及其与饱和脂肪酸的比例显著高于北京油鸡(P<0.05);除C18:0、C20:0和C22:0外,品种对其他脂肪酸含量均有显著影响(P<0.05),日龄对脂肪酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05),平养显著降低了饱和脂肪酸含量及其与不饱和脂肪酸的比例(P<0.05);3个因素对鸡肉脂肪酸含量的影响无显著的互作效应(P>0.05).由此可知,北京油鸡鸡肉的IMP和IMF含量以及脂肪酸C18:2和C24:0含量显著高于AA肉鸡,42日龄鸡鸡肉的IMP和IMF含量显著高于21日龄鸡,平养鸡鸡肉的IMF含量、饱和脂肪酸C14:0、C18:0、C20:0和C22:0含量以及饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比例均显著低于笼养鸡,品种和日龄对鸡肉的IMP含量有显著的交互作用. 相似文献
4.
A-FABP和AMPD1基因SNP位点对北京油鸡部分肉质性状的组合效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在分析鸡脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)和腺苷一磷酸脱氨酶(AMPD1)基因的SNP位点对鸡肉肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量的组合效应.试验以北京油鸡为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基(P4位点)的C→T突变和AMPD1基因序列第129位(PB位点)的A→G突变进行单基因和多基因组合效应分析.结果表明,P4位点的突变纯合BB基因型和PB位点的突变纯合NN基因型分别是多态位点上IMF和IMP含量的优势基因型;组合效应分析结果表明,在9种组合中,BBNN和BBMN组合基因型个体的组合效应显著,其中BBMN基因型个体的IMF含量、腹脂率(AFP)和平均脂带宽(WFS)比组合前P4位点BB基因型和PB位点MN基因型个体的均值分别增加了7.80%、50.74%和4.92%,组合效应显著(P<0.05),IMP含量比组合前增加了2.53%;2个基因位点间不存在显著的互作效应(P>0.05).因此,可将BB与NN或MN基因型聚合,进行分子标记聚合育种,以辅助选择提高鸡肉IMP和IMF含量. 相似文献
5.
《中国畜牧杂志》2018,(11)
为充分利用地方品种广西瑶鸡种质资源,通过杂交配套提高其生产性能,本研究以Y系(青胫广西瑶鸡)为父本,A系(青胫中速黄麻羽)、D系(青胫矮脚黄麻羽)、E系(青胫羽色偏红)为母本,分别进行杂交组合,杂交后代分别为YA、YD和YE。通过测定杂交后代生产性能、屠宰性能及肉质等性状评价广西瑶鸡杂交利用效果,以期筛选出较好的杂交组合。结果表明:YA的活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重均显著大于YD与YE(P0.05);在公鸡中,YA的胸肌△pH(pH_(45min)—pH_(24h))显著低于YD和YE(P0.05),酸败速度较慢,YA的腿肌剪切力显著小于YD与YE(P0.05),YA的肌内脂肪含量显著高于YD和YE(P0.05);在母鸡中,YD的胸肌肌内脂肪含量显著高于YA与YE(P0.05),YE的干物质含量显著高于YA与YD(P0.05);在腿肌中,YA的滴水损失显著低于YD与YE(P0.05),3个组合胸肌滴水损失都高于腿肌,胸肌pH都低于腿肌。综上可知,以广西瑶鸡为父本、中速黄麻羽A系为母本配套可有效提高广西瑶鸡的生产性能和屠宰率,并且具有较好的肉品质。 相似文献
6.
优质鸡肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与屠宰及肉质性状的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取92日龄不同优质新品系鸡50只,分析了肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与屠宰性状和肉质性状的相关性。结果显示:肌内脂肪(IMF)含量与腹脂率的相关系数最高(r=0.3234,P=0.0220),与腿肌率的相关系数达到了显著水平(P<0.05);肌苷酸(IMP)含量与胸肌率的相关系数最高(r=0.3604,P=0.0102)。总体上肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与肉质性状的表型相关较弱,其中肌内脂肪(IMF)含量与水分呈显著水平的表型负相关(P<0.05),肌苷酸(IMP)含量与水分呈显著水平的表型正相关(P<0.05),与pH值的相关系数也达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。 相似文献
7.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2019,(24)
为了培育出适合在新疆地区饲养的优质土鸡品种,试验采用拜城油鸡公鸡与良凤花鸡母鸡(麻羽)进行杂交,得到杂交一代(油麻鸡F1代),选取油麻鸡F1代青脚母鸡与拜城油鸡公鸡回交得到杂交二代(油麻鸡F2代),再选用性状突出的油麻鸡F2代母鸡与F2代高脚公鸡本交得到杂交三代A(油麻鸡F3 A)型,用油麻鸡F2代母鸡与良凤花公鸡杂交得到杂交三代B(油麻鸡F3 B)型,分别测定油麻鸡F3 A型和B型的体尺性状并进行比较。结果表明:油麻鸡F3 A型和B型具有特殊体型外貌、抗病力强、耐粗饲、饲料转化率较高的特点。说明油麻鸡F3 A型和B型总体性状优于拜城油鸡和良凤花鸡,适合在新疆和田等地区推广。 相似文献
8.
9.
鸡AMPD1基因PCR-SSCP分析与相关性状的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
5′-磷酸腺苷脱氨酶1(AMPD1)是嘌呤代谢中的一种重要酶类,它的功能是催化AMP(一磷酸腺苷)脱氨,生成肌苷酸(IMP),从而影响肉质风味。试验采用单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术,以隐性白羽肉鸡、白来航蛋鸡和两个地方品种(北京油鸡、三黄胡须鸡)纯系鸡为试验材料,对AMPD1基因进行SNPs检测和基因类型判别。卡方检验结果表明: 除三黄胡须鸡和隐性白羽肉鸡、北京油鸡和白来航鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他各品种间差异极显著(P<0.01)。AMPD1基因多态性与北京油鸡生产和屠体性状(活重、胸肌率、肌苷酸含量等)相关分析结果表明:肌苷酸含量在三种基因型间差异显著(P<0.05)。初步推断AMPD1可能为影响鸡肉中肌苷酸生成的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁。 相似文献
10.
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献