共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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提出了一种测定微灌灌水器制造偏差系数的试验方法,分析了微灌灌水器出口压力对其制造偏差系数的影响,提出运用灌水器工作压力下的理论流量计算灌水器制造偏差系数,从而消除了压力对制造偏差系数的影响,并设计具体试验装置进行试验得到数据验证了上述试验方法。 相似文献
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提出了一种测定微灌灌水器制造偏差系数的试验方法，分析了微灌灌水器出口压力对其制造偏差系数的影响，提出运用灌水器工作压力下的理论流量计算灌水器制造偏差系数，从而消除了压力对制造偏差系数的影响，并设计具体试验装置进行试验，得到数据验证了上述试验方法。 相似文献
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旋转折射式喷头水量分布与喷灌均匀性试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究喷头工作压力、喷嘴直径和安装间距对喷灌喷洒水深和喷灌均匀度的影响规律,选用喷嘴直径为2.98、3.37、3.77 mm的R3000型旋转式喷盘的折射式喷头进行了研究。测量了3种喷头在0.1、0.2、0.3 MPa工作压力下的径向水量分布,喷灌强度随着喷头工作压力或喷嘴直径的增加而增大。叠加计算了安装间距为2、3、4、5、6 m几种情况下的组合均匀性系数,并通过组合试验与计算结果进行对比,得出组合均匀性系数试验值与模拟计算值的误差在0.5%~11.0%之间,影响因素的主次顺序为喷头安装间距、工作压力、喷嘴直径。结果表明:喷嘴流量系数平均值在0.9以上,说明喷头的性能良好。3种喷嘴的最佳喷灌均匀性系数分别为75.9%、78.2%和85.1%。提出了自制R3000型旋转折射式喷头最佳组合间距为4 m的计算均匀性系数经验公式,为其在工程中的应用提供了理论数据。 相似文献
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旋喷泵内部压力提升是叶轮与旋壳共同作用的结果,一直以来泵腔内部压力根据叶轮出口压力确定,忽略了旋壳的圆筒效应,导致泵腔压力计算不够准确。为解决这一问题,基于旋壳圆筒效应建立旋喷泵内部压力数学模型,引入液体旋转系数,应用试验与数值计算相结合的方法对液体旋转系数进行了分析验证,并对液体旋转系数的影响因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:可以建立旋喷泵内部压力数学模型,通过理论计算内部压力分布,旋喷泵内部压力计算需考虑旋壳效应;试验泵液体旋转系数为0.75,在该系数下泵腔内部压力理论值与试验值吻合度较高;以一复式叶轮旋喷泵为实例,验证了该旋喷泵内部压力数学模型的可靠性。液体旋转系数影响因素敏感性分析表明:壁面粗糙度、转速、流量对液体旋转系数影响较小,试验范围内液体旋转系数介于0.736～0.764之间,波动较小,不超过3%,可以认为是定值。本研究结果可为旋喷泵内部压力理论计算及集流管安装高度选取提供参考。 相似文献
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喷灌水量分布动态模拟与均匀性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究压力、喷头组合方式和插值方法对喷灌均匀系数CU和分布均匀系数DU这两个评价指标计算结果的影响规律,利用雨量筒径向间隔为1 m的FY RB-471型喷头无风喷洒试验数据,模拟出了喷头在不同压力下的水量分布情况。在喷头矩形组合方式和正三角形组合方式下,采用线性插值、立方插值、三次样条插值、距离插值和平面插值法计算了不同压力下的喷灌均匀系数和分布均匀系数。结果表明,采用三角形组合方式比矩形组合方式计算的喷灌均匀系数CU高1.56~4.77个百分点,同样,三角形组合方式比矩形组合方式计算的分布均匀系数DU高4.26~9.19个百分点;不同的插值方法对喷灌均匀系数与分布均匀系数的计算结果影响不明显,而压力是影响喷灌均匀系数的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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AD泵是A型泵的强化型。二者结构基本相同。区别是容量和重量有所不同。AD泵柱塞预行程的调整方式为垫片调整;RSV型调速器为全速机械式调速器。现以NP—PE6AD95B321R为例,说明AD泵和RSV调速器匹配时的调试方法。 测试条件:喷油压力17.5MPa,供油压力 相似文献
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几种微灌灌水器均匀度试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对国产的2种压力补偿式滴头、3种稳流器、1种内镶式滴灌管和1种发丝滴头进行了水力性能测试,分析灌水器不同工作压力区间内的流态指数,并以制造偏差和流态指数为主要影响因素,对灌水器进行了水力性能评价。结果表明:压力补偿式灌水器存在最优压力区间,在此区间内灌水器流态指数较小、水力特征曲线平滑;非压力补偿式灌水器在整个压力区间内流态指数稳定、水力特征曲线稳定连续;供试的5种压力补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较大,为0.14~0.30,而2种非补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较小(0.02左右)。通过灌水器流态指数、制造偏差系数对综合流量偏差系数的影响的分析表明:灌水器制造偏差对系统灌水均匀度的影响很大,在进行微灌工程水力设计时,应给予高度重视。 相似文献
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为研究外啮合齿轮泵重要参数对流量脉动系数的影响,通过理论推导获得流量脉动系数计算公式,分析齿数、压力角对流量脉动系数的影响;采用边界型函数和动网格技术,并结合k-ε湍流模型对不同参数条件下的齿轮泵进行非定常模拟,分析负载压力、径向间隙对流量脉动系数的影响.结果表明,增大齿数和压力角均会减小齿轮泵流量脉动系数,有利于提高齿轮泵的流量特性.另外,增大齿数与增大压力角对提高齿轮泵的流量特性效果较为接近;齿轮泵的流量脉动系数也会随着负载压力及齿轮径向间隙的增大而减小,在设计中适当增大负载压力及齿轮径向间隙,可以改善出口流量特征的质量;过大的负载压力和齿轮轴向间隙会导致齿轮泵容积效率下降,在设计过程中应当引起足够重视. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献