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《中国兽医学报》2014,(12):1989-1994
为了揭示成年牦牛大肠结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布规律,本研究采用光镜及透射电镜等技术,对牦牛盲肠、结肠和直肠组织结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布与数量变化进行研究。结果显示,牦牛大肠壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成。大肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状细胞及散在的杯状细胞,在直肠黏膜上皮中则有大量杯状细胞,黏膜上皮纹状缘不明显。固有层内含有大量肠腺和孤立淋巴小结,尤其在盲肠、结肠固有层孤立淋巴小结丰富,且生发中心明显,淋巴小结常伸入黏膜下层。大肠黏膜层平均厚度为(864.18±88.46)μm,其中结肠最厚,盲肠最薄,结肠与盲肠之间差异显著(P<0.01)。肌层分内环与外纵2层,结肠与直肠肌层发达,盲肠肌层最薄,盲肠肌层内环肌形成特殊的肌小结。上皮内淋巴细胞较多,以结肠最丰富,盲肠与结肠差异不明显,从结肠到直肠逐渐减少。盲肠有丰富的浆细胞,从盲肠、结肠至直肠依次减小。肥大细胞在结肠和盲肠均较多,在直肠则显著减少。超微结构显示,大肠黏膜上皮细胞之间有连接复合体,细胞游离面有许多排列整齐的微绒毛。上皮内淋巴细胞胞质少,胞核较大。肥大细胞胞质内有大小不等的高电子密度圆形颗粒聚集。研究表明,牦牛大肠组织结构和其他反刍动物基本相似,但肠壁肌层厚,盲肠有特殊的肌小结,盲肠和结肠黏膜层分布着丰富的孤立淋巴小结和黏膜免疫相关细胞。 相似文献
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为阐明河南区域隐孢子虫分子流行病学特点,用PCR技术扩增分离虫株的18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列,并对扩增片段进行测序。用PAUP 4.0和TREEPUZZLE 4.1构建进化树,试图从分子水平证明河南省不同地区不同宿主来源隐孢子虫的遗传特征,以阐明隐孢子虫病的分子流行病学特点。通过18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列分析,其结果：河南人源隐孢子虫分离株为Cryptosporidium parvum鼠基因型;河南鹿源隐孢子虫分离株为C. parvum鹿基因型;河南猪源隐孢子虫的2个分离株均为C. parvum猪基因I型,即C. suis;河南鹌鹑源的隐孢子虫2个分离株分别为C. baileyi和C. meleagridis;河南乌鸡源隐孢子虫和鸵鸟源隐孢子虫分离株均为C. baileyi;河南牛源隐孢子虫分离株为C.andersoni。 相似文献
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对一群3月龄腹泻仔猪以常规组织病理学方法诊断出了小球隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum),同时又以免疫组织化学方法证实了具有圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)感染。在有大量小球隐孢子虫寄生的肠道区域,其粘膜和粘膜下层存在大量被PCV2感染的细胞。小球隐孢子虫很少为断奶仔猪和生长猪的原发性肠道病原,而小球隐孢子虫和PCV2混合感染表明机体处于免疫抑制状态时提高了猪对隐孢子虫的易感性。 相似文献
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为了筛选产多肽类抗菌物质的活性菌株,为生产猪用益生素及新型抗菌活性物质提供菌源,试验分别从猪的十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠中分离肠道内生菌2 317株,利用临床分离的致病性大肠杆菌作为指示菌,通过点种法进行对峙培养,分析其抑菌活性。结果表明:复筛所得50株肠道内生菌株均对指示菌具有明显抑菌活性,筛选得率为2.2%。经过胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K水解处理,将发酵上清液抑菌活性明显降低或丧失的结肠57号和盲肠2号菌确定为可产蛋白或多肽类抗生素的活性菌株。经16S rDNA的序列检测及比对,两菌株均属于枯草芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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奶牛隐孢子虫病流行病学调查及初生犊牛感染试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用饱和糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法调查郑州、商丘和洛阳3个地区的5个奶牛场、2个专业村的582份粪样，查出阳性样品64份，隐孢子虫总阳性率11％（64／582），发现两种不同形态的卵囊，根据其形态结构等特点鉴定为小球隐孢子虫（C．parvum）和安氏隐孢子虫（C．andersoni）。其中2个场奶牛感染安氏隐孢子虫，有1个场的奶牛感染小球隐孢子虫，且感染强度较小。犊牛感染率较育成牛、成年牛高。并进行小球隐孢子虫分离株对初生犊牛的致病性试验，其结果为潜隐期7天，排卵囊高峰出现在感染后第16天，高峰期5天。剖检后消化道黏膜经抗酸染色鉴定，仅在回肠中段发现卵囊。 相似文献
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本研究旨在观察不同禽源贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium baileyi)对鹌鹑的致病性差异。采用光镜、扫描电镜等技术研究了鸡源、鸭源、鹌鹑源、白文鸟源、鸵鸟源贝氏隐孢子虫分离株对10日龄鹌鹑的致病性。结果表明,感染鹌鹑均出现腹泻和呼吸道症状,排卵囊持续期11~18 d,虫体寄生于喉头、气管、法氏囊和泄殖腔。其中鸭源C.baileyi感染组鹌鹑发病率和死亡率分别为82.5%、25%,鸡源C.baileyi(郑州株)感染组发病率和死亡率分别为77.5%、12.5%,鹌鹑源C.baileyi感染组发病率、死亡率分别为37.5%和17.5%。本研究结果提示,不同禽源C.baileyi对鹌鹑有一定致病性,其致病性强弱存在差异。 相似文献
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应用RT-PCR方法对南京、上海和合肥猪源隐孢子虫卵囊SSU rRNA部分序列进行扩增,产物测序后提交GenBank,收录号为DQ855266、DQ855267;用BLAST和DNAStar软件与GenBank参考序列进行比较,分析其同源性,绘制系统发育进化树,结合卵囊形态学观察和对小鼠、大鼠、兔、山羊和鸡的传染性试验确定隐孢子虫种类或基因型。结果表明,3地区猪源隐孢子虫分离株与微小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)同源性达94%~100%,与C.parvummouse型有99.8%~100%的同源性,并处于进化树的同一分支。因此,3地区猪源隐孢子虫是C.parvummouse型,提示猪和鼠之间存在交叉传播的可能。 相似文献
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为了解泉州地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌流行血清型分布及耐药性,无菌采集的患病仔猪肝脏、肛拭子和粪便等病料组织样品87份,通过细菌的分离鉴定得到了42株大肠杆菌,其中,30株为致病性大肠杆菌。利用玻板凝集法和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株的血清型和耐药性。结果显示,30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株属于9个血清型中,定型的猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株27株,定型率为90%(27/30),2株未鉴定出来,占分离菌菌株的64.3%(27/42),以O147和O141为该地区流行的优势血清型;30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株对新霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星等5种药物的耐药率在80.0%~100%之间,对克林霉素、多西环素、丁胺卡娜霉素等5种药物的耐药率在60.0%~73.3%之间;对其他的药物耐药率在33.3%~53.3%之间,且呈现多重耐药性。本研究为该地区的猪源致病性大肠杆菌病的防治提供了重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒SD201604株的分离鉴定及致病性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究旨在获得猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）分离株,并对其致病性进行研究。应用Vero细胞从山东某猪场腹泻病料中进行病毒分离,通过细胞病变、免疫荧光试验、电镜观察和RT-RCR进行鉴定,并对分离株的S基因序列进行分析;应用103.5 TCID50/mL分离株口服接种3日龄仔猪并观察临床症状和病理变化;用不同滴度的分离株分别口服接种3日龄仔猪（3 mL/只）,统计各组仔猪的死亡率,确定最小致死量。结果显示,成功分离到1株PEDV,命名为PEDV SD201604株。该分离毒株能在Vero细胞上增殖,产生细胞病变,传代至F6代时病毒滴度可达103.5 TCID50/mL,免疫荧光试验和RT-RCR检测均为PEDV阳性。电镜观察可见直径大小约为100 nm的病毒粒子,有明显的囊膜和纤突,具有PEDV病毒粒子典型的形态特征,确定分离株为PEDV。S基因序列分析显示,分离株为国内流行的PEDV变异株。动物回归试验结果显示,口服感染该分离株的5头3日龄仔猪全部出现典型的PED临床症状和病理变化,其中3头死亡。最小致死量试验结果表明,口服感染3 mL病毒含量为104.5 TCID50/mL的分离株可使仔猪全部死亡。本试验结果可为PEDV的分离鉴定及生物学研究提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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Vítovec J Hamadejová K Landová L Kvác M Kvetonová D Sak B 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(5):239-243
A total of 4338 faecal samples, 135 of sows, 3368 of pre-weaned and 835 of post-weaned piglets from eight farms in South Bohemia, Czech Republic were collected and examined for Cryptosporidium infection. No sow, but 5.7% pre-weaned and 24.1% post-weaned piglets were positive for Cryptosporidium infection. No relationship was found between diarrhoea and Cryptosporidium infection in any of the different age groups (pre- and post-weaned piglets). Four piglets, which were sporadically shedding cryptosporidia in faeces, were necropsied. Neither clinical signs of diarrhoea nor macroscopical changes were found. Histologically, a moderate infection of cryptosporidia was detected in the glandular epithelium along the large intestine, with predisposition to the ansa centralis of the colon. No inflammatory response in the lamina propria was observed. Cryptosporidia were also commonly found in the glandular epithelium of submucosal lymphoglandular complexes in the colon. Cryptosporidium isolates from all farms were identified as Cryptosporidium suis using molecular markers (SSU rRNA). All of the C. suis strains obtained were larger [6.2 (6.0-6.8) x 5.5 (5.3-5.7) microm] than any isolate described so far [4.6 (4.4-4.9) x 4.2 (4.0-4.3) microm] and did not appear to be infective for neonatal BALB/c mice. 相似文献
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Pathogenesis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in conventional and gnotobiotic piglets. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The pathogenesis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis was studied in 52 conventionally reared and 20 gnotobiotically reared piglets by inoculation with different doses of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The prepatent period of C. parvum in both groups of animals were variable, depending on the number of oocysts administered. The patent period of C. parvum in conventionally reared piglets was 8 or 9 days; in gnotobiotic piglets cryptosporidia were found in feces until Day post infection (DPI) 16, when the last piglet was necropsied. Cryptosporidiosis in conventionally reared piglets is a self-limited diarrheal disease associated with morphological changes within the intestine. The most severe lesion was seen in the posterior jejunum and ileum from DPI 3 to DPI 7, and consisted of villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria. In gnotobiotic piglets cryptosporidia induced severe enterocolitis which occurred at least until DPI 16. The characteristics of enteric lesions were similar to those found in conventionally reared piglets. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in both groups of animals shifted in the course of infection in the caudal direction and terminated in the large intestine. Examination by scanning electron microscope showed that infected absorptive cells had thicker and longer microvilli than those on non-infected cells; neighboring non-infected cells were hypertrophic, bulbously protuberant with minute microvilli with no distinct intercellular borders. Numerous cryptosporidia in the heterotopic glandular epithelium in the submucosa of cecum and colon on DPI 9 and 10 were found. No differences in the location and degree of cryptosporidial infection between colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived conventionally reared piglets were found. Sow's colostrum does not appear to protect piglets from C. parvum infection. The role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis in piglets is discussed. 相似文献
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本研究旨在获得猪δ冠状病毒（Porcine deltacoronavirus，PDCoV）地方分离株，并对其生物学特性和致病性进行初步研究。使用猪睾丸（ST）细胞分离来自河南某猪场PDCoV阳性病料中的病毒，并通过观察细胞病变效应（cytopathic effect，CPE）、反转录PCR、间接免疫荧光试验（indirect immunofluorescence assay，IFA）、电镜观察、S基因序列分析等方法进行鉴定，同时评价分离毒株在仔猪上的致病性。结果显示，阳性病料接种ST细胞后，病毒稳定增殖并连续传代至第10代；自第4代开始，感染细胞发生CPE，呈圆缩、拉网、碎裂、脱落状态；IFA鉴定为PDCoV阳性，且电镜观察可见带有刺突的冠状病毒粒子。将分离到的PDCoV命名为HeN10，其S基因序列与中国SD株相似性最高，达99.8%，与国内报道毒株CHN-JS-2017株和CHN-HeB1-2017株等处于同一分支。将HeN10株以5×106.3 TCID50/头的剂量口服感染5头10日龄健康易感仔猪，可导致所有感染仔猪发生水样腹泻。本研究成功分离了PDCoV HeN10株，其与SD株等国内流行毒株处于同一分支，攻毒后可引起仔猪典型腹泻症状，可为下一步诊断方法及疫苗相关研究奠定一定的基础。 相似文献
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Enemark HL Bille-Hansen V Lind P Heegaard PM Vigre H Ahrens P Thamsborg SM 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,113(1):35-57
With the intention of developing a standardised method for assessment of pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium parvum, the CPB-0 isolate was studied by propagation in 1-day-old calves followed by inoculation into specific pathogen free (SPF) piglets. The experiment was repeated. Diarrhoea and shedding of oocysts were seen in all animals infected with the CPB-0 isolate. Clinical signs included depression, inappetence, vomiting (exclusively in the piglets), and death. Histological examination at 17 and 19 days post-infection revealed parasitic stages and microscopic changes primarily restricted to colon and rectum.The unintended presence of rotavirus in some of the experimental animals revealed an additive or synergistic effect between rotavirus and C. parvum as indicated by prolonged diarrhoea, increased oocyst shedding, decreased weight gain and elevated levels of serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in piglets infected simultaneously with both pathogens. The difference in daily weight gain between infected and control animals was significant only for piglets co-infected with rotavirus. The acute phase response of haptoglobin and SAA was characterised by a large individual variation. In piglets, co-infected with rotavirus, the levels of serum haptoglobin were 3.5 and 4.6 times higher in the infected versus the controls 6 and 9dpi, respectively (mean values: 2411microg/ml+/-S.D. 2023 and 1840 microg/ml+/-S.D. 1697). In the controls infected with rotavirus, peak haptoglobin concentration was seen 3dpi (mean: 1022 microg/ml+/-S.D. 425). Elevated levels of SAA were seen in 1 of 6 piglets infected with C. parvum, and in 5 of 6 piglets co-infected with rotavirus. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was undetectable in all serum samples from piglets.The obvious advantages of the SPF pig model are the naturally acquired intestinal microflora, the development of distinct clinical signs similar to cryptosporidiosis in humans and calves, the size of the animals, and the accessibility of individuals born within a short time span. This makes the model ideal for dose-response studies, evaluation of therapeutic agents as well as for assessment of differences in the clinical response to isolates of diverse genetic background. In conclusion, it was shown that the CPB-0 isolate was pathogenic to calves and piglets at a dose of 2.5 x 10(5) oocysts, and that the clinical signs could be replicated during separate experiments. Moreover, diarrhoea, oocyst shedding, body weight changes, histological alterations, and the acute phase response of haptoglobin and SAA were identified as useful parameters for discrimination of isolate-specific differences of pathogenicity. 相似文献
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Chloride secretion in the intestines of pigs of different age (32 days and 4 months) was examined using the Ussing chamber technique. After stimulating chloride secretion by carbachol and forskolin, alternative chloride channels and finally Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channels were blocked. While basal short-circuit currents (Isc) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon of the piglets of 32 days, it was inverse for the 4-month-old fatteners. In the jejunum responses to stimulation and final levels of Isc were higher in the piglets than in the fatteners. The decrease in Isc after blocking CFTR channels was smaller in the fatteners than in the piglets in both intestinal segments. In conclusion, 32-day-old piglets show a higher basal chloride secretion as well as a higher response to stimulation in the jejunum than 4-month-old pigs. 相似文献
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Fosse TK Horsberg TE Haga HA Hormazabal V Ranheim B 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2011,34(2):153-159
Following intravenous dose of 6mg/kg racemic ketoprofen, the chiral pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen was investigated in eight piglets aged 6 and 21days old. S-ketoprofen predominated over R-ketoprofen in plasma of the piglets in both age groups. The volumes of distribution of S-ketoprofen for the 6- and 21-day-old piglets were 241.7 (211.3-276.5) mL/kg and 155.0 (138.7-173.1) mL/kg, respectively, while the corresponding parameters for R-ketoprofen were 289.2 (250.3-334.2) mL/kg and 193.0 (168.7-220.8) mL/kg. The clearances of R-ketoprofen [948.4 (768.0-1171.2) mL/h/kg and 425 (319.1-566.0) mL/h/kg for the 6- and 21-day-old piglets, respectively] were significantly higher compared to the clearances of S-ketoprofen [57.3 (46.6-70.4) mL/h/kg and 33.8 (27.0-42.2) mL/h/kg for 6- and 21-day-old piglets, respectively]. The elimination half-life of S-ketoprofen was 3.4h for both age groups, while the elimination half-life of R-ketoprofen was 0.2h for the 6-day-old and 0.4h for the 21-day-old piglets. The clearances of both R- and S-ketoprofen were significantly higher in the 6-day-old piglets compared to when they were 21 days old. Furthermore, the volumes of distribution were larger in the youngest age group. 相似文献
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选取28日龄断奶三元[杜×（大×长）]杂交仔猪36头,随机分为活化卵白蛋白实验组和对照组。实验组在饲喂基础日粮同时口服活化卵白蛋白制剂,10mL／d·只,连续服用10d（断乳前5d至断乳后5d）。用靛酚兰-分光光度法测定仔猪各肠段内容物的氨氮量,研究该制剂对仔猪肠道内容物氨氮量的影响及其二者的相关性。结果表明,实验组结肠段28d和35d其内容物氨氮量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;实验组与对照组盲肠段的内容物氨氮量于28d差异显著（P〈0．01）;回肠段不显著（P〉0．05）。提示早期断奶仔猪口服话化卵白蛋白制剂可使其各肠段内容物中的氨氮量降低,有助于提高其肠道功能,降低腹泻率。 相似文献
19.
Epidemiology of porcine neonatal steatorrhoea in Sweden. 1. Prevalence and clinical significance of coccidal and rotaviral infections 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study of neonatal steatorrhoea in unweaned piglets was carried out in randomly visited herds. Isospora suis and rotavirus were shown to be incriminated in this type of enteric disease and these agents may be considered important enteropathogens for 1-3-week-old piglets in Sweden. More extensive studies of I. suis were undertaken in one large herd. It was found that steatorrhoea may appear in 4-day-old piglets but oocysts were not detected until some days latter. Piglets that were shedding I. suis were not necessarily steatorrhoeic but oocysts were more frequently found in steatorrhoeic faeces than in faeces of normal consistency. The earliest oocyst output was detected at 5 days of age, the average litterage at first appearance being 12.8 +/- 4.0 days. The occurrence of I. suis oocysts in piglets did not correlate with the oocyst output in sows, which almost exclusively included genus Eimeria. Repeated parasitological and virological examination of steatorrhoeic faecal samples from 5-10 litters per herd at an age of 1-3 weeks would be helpful for making a herd diagnosis. 相似文献
20.
The objective of this study was to determine whether a chlamydial strain recovered from growing and finishing swine with conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis could cause the same infections in gnotobiotic pigs. The strain shares biological characteristics with Chlamydia trachomatis. After propagation in Vero cells and preparation of the inoculum (10(7) inclusion-forming units/ml), chlamydial strain H7 was instilled into the ventral conjunctival sac (0.15 ml/sac) of 12 anesthetized 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. Four age-matched gnotobiotic piglets were anesthetized and sham infected with uninfected cell culture lysates. None of the principal piglets developed clinical symptoms of conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. Principal piglets necropsied 7 days postinfection (DPI) had histologic lesions of mild or moderate conjunctivitis; immunohistochemical evaluation revealed chlamydial antigen in conjunctival epithelium. A majority of principal piglets necropsied at 14-28 DPI had histologic lesions of mild conjunctivitis, but chlamydial antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that chlamydial strain H7 can cause mild or occasionally moderate conjunctivitis in gnotobiotic pigs, but the conjunctival infection is asymptomatic. 相似文献