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1.
基于机器学习的中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预报模型 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提供准确的中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预报信息,该研究利用2008－2019年中国水产集团43艘远洋延绳钓渔船在中西太平洋海域（0°～30°S;110°E～170°W）作业的渔业数据,通过方差膨胀因子筛选、归一化处理,选取时空因子、海洋环境因子及大尺度气候数据等共35种特征因子,构建了一种随机森林和极端梯度提升决策树相结合的XGBRF模型,并利用五折交叉验证法确定最佳参数,选择逻辑回归、分类与回归树、K最近邻、自适应增强、梯度提升决策树、极端梯度提升决策树和随机森林等模型作为对照,建立8种黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预测模型并进行模型间的比较分析。结果表明,XGBRF模型对中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔场的预测性能比其他模型更好,其准确率、渔场召回率、渔场F1得分、非渔场查准率和曲线下面积值AUC均最高,分别为75.39%、87.36%、82.64%、66.32%和79.48%,且模型的受试者工作特征曲线ROC更靠近左上角;海表温度是影响中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔场分布最重要的环境因子,其他因子依次是300 m水层温度、50 m水层盐度、叶绿素a浓度、南方涛动指数以及表层盐度因子,时空因子和其余大尺度气候因子的影响程度较低;基于XGBRF预报模型得到的渔场预测结果与实际作业范围总体一致。XGBRF集成模型对中西太平洋海域黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场预报具有较好的效果,可为渔场预报提供参考。 相似文献
2.
基于四川盆地南部富顺县水产养殖气象服务试验基地2017−2019年水温资料和同步气温资料,分析鱼塘夏季（6−8月）不同时间尺度上各层水温最高时段特征;以预报某日气温、前1日气温和水温作为预报因子,采用逐步回归分析建立夏季典型晴天状况下鱼塘各层平均水温、最高水温预报模型,并对模型预报效果进行检验。结果表明：夏季日内各层水温最高值出现在18：00−19：00,较气温滞后1～3h;水温≥32℃的时段主要集中在16：00−22：00,该时段内10、50和100cm深处水层逐时平均水温分别在32.9～33.1℃、32.6～32.7℃和32.1～32.3℃。夏季各层水温随气温呈波动上升趋势,水温最高值均出现在7月下旬;水温≥32℃的日数平均为23d,主要出现在7月下旬−8月中旬,该时段内10、50和100cm水层逐日平均水温分别在28.5～34.4℃、28.2～34.1℃和27.9～33.9℃。通过2017−2018年回带检验和2019年预报检验,模型预报平均绝对误差在0.3～0.8℃,平均相对误差在2.6%以内,预报效果较好,能较好地应用于夏季鱼塘水温预报。 相似文献
3.
日光温室主动蓄热后墙传热CFD模拟及性能试验 总被引：4，自引：19，他引：4
中国的日光温室实现了高效的能量利用,在中国北方地区的冬季农业生产中发挥了巨大的作用。但在实践生产中日光温室存在巨大的能量不平衡,给北方冬季的农业生产造成很大的损失,同时也限制了日光温室的高效应用。为了实现了日光温室对太阳能的高效利用,该文提出了一种能够将白天富裕能量进行有效存储的主动蓄热后墙日光温室。该文对主动蓄热后墙日光温室的室内温度和通风蓄热风道蓄热特性进行理论分析和试验,并与传统9m跨的被动蓄热日光温室进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,主动蓄热后墙日光温室的温度指标有了较明显提高。在晴天和多云采光天气条件下,主动蓄热后墙日光温室室内的温度较9m跨被动蓄热日光温室均有较大幅度的增加,在晴天夜间保温时段(16:00~次日09:00),主动蓄热后墙日光温室温度提高最小为1.8℃,最大为2.8℃,平均提高2.2℃;在多云天夜间保温时段(16:00~次日09:00),主动蓄热后墙日光温室温度提高最小为1.6℃,最大为4.2℃,平均提高2.2℃。该文利用CFD数值模拟对温室蓄热后墙的20℃等值面进行了分析,分析结果表明在定常条件下,通风主动蓄热的高效范围在10m以内,有效长度在20m以内。通过该试验,结合温室建筑的实践构造要求,确定的蓄热风道合理长度为20m。 相似文献
4.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地降雨特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探究塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地降雨特征,为该区生态环境建设提供支持。[方法]利用塔中气象站2005—2014年4—10月的逐小时降水量资料,通过对雨强、降水量、雨日等综合分析塔中地区近10a降雨特征。[结果]研究区逐小时降水量和降水频次在时次分布上具有较好的一致性,23:00至翌日8:00时为高值区,17:00到22:00为低值区;1h雨强(用R1表示),降水频次最多是R1≤0.5mm的降水,占总频次的64.5%,其次是0.6mm≤R1≤1.5mm,但从对降水的贡献率来看0.6mm≤R1≤1.5mm的贡献率最高,占总降水量的26.4%,其次是R1≥4.6mm;不同量级降水过程(用R表示),0.1mm≤R≤2mm的降水过程发生频次最多,R≥6.1mm降水过程对降水量贡献率最大,占总降水量的52.6%;夜间为降水的易发时段;R≥6.1mm的降水过程主要集中在5—7月,尤其多发生在6月,且有1/2发生在前半夜;5h以下的降水占了降水总数的85.5%。[结论]研究区的降水主要以短时夜雨为主,近年来≥6.1mm雨日呈增加且稳定趋势,因此沙漠地区有出现大降水的可能性。 相似文献
5.
南宁吴圩国际机场及其附近的春季鸟类群落由112种组成,分别隶属于13目38科,其中留鸟58种(51.8%),夏候鸟15种(13.4%),冬候鸟37种(33.0%),旅鸟2种(1.8%)。重要性值分析表明,最重要的种类有3种,即黄腹鹪莺Prinia flaviventris、纯色鹪莺P.inornata和棕扇尾莺Cisticola juncidis。按鸟类的生境分布系数划分,中性分布型有58种,占总种类数的51.8%,构成了该地各生境鸟类群落组成的主体。机场及其附近鸟类日活动规律显示,清晨7:00~8:00以及傍晚17:00~18:00两个时段,鸟类的活动是最明显的,但前者的峰值要高于后者,而中午13:00~14:00时段鸟类的种类和数量都是全天中最少的。 相似文献
6.
河南省夏玉米花期高温热害风险分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据河南省110个气象站1970−2019年逐日最高气温观测资料和19个农业气象观测站夏玉米生育期数据,以32℃和35℃作为轻度和重度夏玉米花期高温热害发生阈值,选取花期日最高气温≥32℃和≥35℃发生频率和日最高气温≥32℃和≥35℃的积热量4个关键致灾气象因子,构建高温热害综合指数,开展河南省夏玉米花期高温热害风险区划,为夏玉米生产趋利避害和防灾减灾提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）1970−2019年河南省夏玉米花期高温日数呈先减小后增加的趋势,21世纪10年代（2010s）后高温日数和频率明显增加,与高温发生频次最低的1980s（20世纪80年代）相比,高温日数增加1.4d（≥32℃）和1.5d（≥35℃）,高温频率增加20.6个百分点（≥32℃）和20.5个百分点（≥35℃）。河南省夏玉米花期高温日数50a平均值在1.8～4.5d（≥32℃）和0.4～1.9d（≥35℃）,高温发生频率在24.3%～64.3%（≥32℃）和2.5%～31.1%（≥35℃）,豫东南为高温热害发生的高频区。（2）近50a轻度和重度高温积热均呈先减弱再增强的趋势,21世纪10年代（2010s）高温积热较1980s（20世纪80年代）增加52.8℃·d（≥32℃）和52.5℃·d（≥35℃）。空间分布上基本呈现出南高北低、东部平原高于西部山区的态势。（3）结合高温强度和发生频率的致灾高风险区主要集中在南阳南部、漯河、许昌东部、周口、驻马店,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的28.5%;研究区域大部地区为中风险区,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的56.2%;而三门峡、洛阳西部、济源西部、安阳等地夏玉米花期高温热害风险相对较低,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的15.3%。 相似文献
7.
移动式太阳能增氧机的增氧性能评价 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为改善池塘养殖环境,设计了一种移动式太阳能增氧机,由光伏供电装置和水面行走装置搭载涌浪机而成,能在水面沿钢丝绳移动并利用涌浪机的波浪增氧和水层交换作用,大范围扰动水体并为池塘增氧。该研究的目的是通过机械增氧效率检测、提水能力测定和池塘增氧能力测定3个试验,评估太阳能增氧机的机械增氧性能、水层交换性能和实际应用效果,以期全面了解移动增氧机增氧能力。结果表明,该移动式太阳能增氧机最大机械增氧能力为1.24 kg/h,动力效率2.59 kg/(k W·h);最大提水能力1 254.4 m3/h,提水动力效率2 613.3 m3/(k W·h);并在晴好天气白天(09:00—19:00),在对照组底层溶氧为3.1~3.8 mg/L时,大幅度提升池塘底层溶氧水平,最高时达7.8 mg/L,维持池塘上下溶氧均匀度72%~84%,极大改善了底层溶氧环境。数据表明移动式太阳能增氧机具有良好的机械增氧和水层交换性能,因而能有效改善池塘底层溶氧环境,提高上下水体溶氧均匀度。该研究结果可为太阳能增氧机的进一步推广应用提供数据支撑。 相似文献
8.
江汉平原近50年中稻花期危害高温发生的初步分析 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
长江流域的水稻花期高温危害已成为生产中的一个重大问题。采用湖北省荆州市农业气象观测站最近50a即1954-2003年的气温观测数据,利用趋势分析和气温距平分析方法对可能导致中稻花期严重结实障碍的7-8月的月平均气温距平、月最高气温距平及连续3d和5d持续高温天气日的发生频次和高温发生随时间的分布规律进行了分析。结果表明:最近50a江汉平原的平均气温和最高气温并未升高,整体保持基本稳定,长期温度变化表现出一定的周期特征;对中稻花期可能产生致命性伤害的7-8月连续3d和5d的平均气温≥30℃和最高气温≥35℃的天气出现的频次高,有增加趋势;高温天气集中发生在每年的7月中、下旬和8月上旬,7月下旬-8月上旬一般高温危害天气发生的概率超过了100%,而严重高温危害天气发生的概率也达到62%。因此,生产上应采取适当调整播期以避开花期高温高发期和培育抗高温品种等技术措施,以减轻和避免高温引起的危害。 相似文献
9.
水墙封闭温室夏季降温特性 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
封闭温室(closed greenhouse)是一种建筑结构全封闭式的透光型温室,能够实现节能减排、室内蒸散水回收利用、维持高水平CO_2浓度以及隔绝气传病菌孢子等。但在夏季,封闭温室内高温环境难以有效控制,或需消耗巨大电能,无法投入生产。为降低夏季封闭温室内环境温度,从低碳节能的角度出发,设计并建造了一栋水墙封闭温室。2015年7月26日至9月10日,对水墙封闭温室夏季降温特性进行试验测试,结果表明:正午前后(10:00-16:00),室内平均气温为29.4~34.3℃,比室外低0.8~6.8℃,降温效果明显;且太阳辐射越强烈、环境温度越高,则水墙封闭温室的降温幅度越大(P0.01)。白天作物进行光合生产期间(06:00-18:00),封闭温室内气温有94.6%的时间被控制在35℃以内,可有效避免高温胁迫。夜间(18:00-06:00)室内湿度被控制在80%以下,平均湿度为54.7%~73.7%,比室外低7.2%~17.5%,降湿效果明显;且室内外湿度差与室内外温度差呈线性负相关(P0.01)。白天室内水平方向平均太阳辐射量为31.5~67.4 W/m~2,约为室外的11.9%~17.8%。太阳辐射由室外进入水墙封闭温室内,远红光占比由41.9%降低至9.2%,透过率仅为6.0%,有利于抑制室内高温。在室内太阳光谱中红、蓝光占比最大,分别为23.9%和27.1%,较之室外均有提升;其透过率分别为32.4%和37.5%,远高于紫外光和远红光。可见,水墙封闭温室可以有选择性的透过太阳光谱,抑制室内高温的同时保证充足的光合有效辐射。此外,墙体水温及室内气温分布、日变化均呈现一定规律。综上,水墙封闭温室能在夏季通过自身结构达到理想的降温效果,并获得适宜的湿度、光照等条件,是一种可行的、低碳节能的封闭温室型式,可为封闭温室的应用发展提供参考与技术支持。 相似文献
10.
早稻乳熟初期高温热害气象指标试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以杂交稻品种淦鑫203为试验材料,于乳熟初期在人工气候箱中进行日最高气温34~39℃高温控制试验,以同期自然温度为对照,采用主成分分析和聚类分析法,对各组材料结实率、秕谷率、千粒重和单株产量4个与早稻乳熟初期高温热害密切相关的因子进行分析,以探讨早稻乳熟初期高温热害气象等级指标。结果表明,早稻乳熟初期高温热害气象指标可分为轻、中、重3个等级,日最高气温达35℃持续5d或36℃持续4d或37℃持续3~4d或≥38℃持续3d,为轻度高温热害;日最高气温达35℃持续6~8d或36~37℃持续5d或≥38℃持续4~5d,为中度高温热害;日最高气温达35℃持续8d以上或≥36℃持续6d及以上,为重度高温热害。本文建立的高温热害指标不仅考虑了高温强度和持续时间,且综合考虑了它们之间的相互配置,每个灾害等级均有各自的临界日最高气温和对应的持续时间,对高温热害的识别性更敏感。研究结果可为早稻高温热害监测预警、风险评估及区划等提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献