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1.
基于GIS的台州杨梅气候生态区划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据杨梅的生物学特性,结合试验研究,筛选出影响杨梅种植的气候生态区划指标,并建立各区划指标与经度、纬度和海拔高度的空间分析模型。借助浙江省1∶25万地形数据、数字高程模型(DEM)和数字化土壤图,采用了近年建立的间距在10km以内的中尺度气象站资料,使评价单元中的气候生态指标更接近于杨梅园的实际情况。评价单元的分辨率达100m×100m,极大地提高了区划成果在实际生产应用中的实用性。最适宜种植区主要集中在中西部的仙居、临海、黄岩、天台等丘陵地带;适宜区主要分布在西部海拔高度为500-800m的半高山区;不适宜区主要在海拔800m以上的高山地区和海岛及其它平原水稻田地区。本研究以期能为台州特色作物的规划和杨梅产业的持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文根据浙江省除海岛县外的59个气象站及站址的地面热量、经度,纬度以及海拔高度等资料,应用多元统计学原理,建立了地面热量状况空间分布的数学模型,从而得到地面热量的空间递变规律。据此,根据马尾松对热量条件的最低要求,确定本省马尾松自然分布的垂直上限,从而推演出马尾松垂直分布的规律。 相似文献
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我国北方逐日平均气温的气候模拟 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
通过探讨逐日平均气温的模拟方法，以修订的正弦曲线为基础，利用最高和最低月平均温度可以模拟出一年之内任意一天的日平均温度。对于不同气候类型的地区，春季升温和秋季降温速度差异很大，采用不同的订正系数来模拟内陆、沿海和高山气象站的气温。该模型能够较精确地模拟我国北方大部分地区日平均气温的气侯资料。 相似文献
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基于数字高程模型的复杂地形下的黑龙江平均气温空间插值 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
空间化的气象资源被广泛应用于生态系统模拟与农业区划中,但常规插值模型对地形复杂、气象站点稀少的地区气象要素空间分布模拟的精度不高。本文在定量分析海拔高度、经纬度等因子对气温空间分布影响的基础上,选取黑龙江1957-2004年1月、4月、7月和10月的平均气温数据,利用DEM模型和相关辅助信息进行复杂地形条件下的气象资源空间分布模拟。精度交叉验证的结果表明,基于DEM辅助相关信息的插值精度明显高于常规的逆距离权重法、样条函数法、普通克里格法,插值精度提高了0.5-0.9℃。气温的空间分布趋势也更加合理,更好的体现出气温分布的空间异质性。 相似文献
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基于GIS的辽宁气温和降水空间扩展方法 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于辽宁54个气象观测站1971-2000年气候整编资料的月平均气温和月平均降水资料,及辽宁地区500m×500mDEM数据,利用气候学原理和G IS技术,对辽宁地区气温和降水的空间扩展方法进行研究,建立基于常规气象观测资料的受地形影响的辽宁月平均气温和月平均降水量空间分布的估算模型。结果表明模型能较好的估算无观测资料地区的气温和降水的空间分布,实现了常规气象资料的空间扩展,为辽宁省资源开发、经济规划、环境规划、城市建设提供基础数据。 相似文献
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基于GIS的贵州西部春薯种植气候适宜性精细化区划 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以贵州西部地区15个气象观测站1978-2010年的气候资料为基础,采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对春薯进行气候适宜性区划,为贵州春薯生产安全布局、品种调整提供科学依据。通过分析马铃薯平均气象产量与同期气候因子的关系,得出春薯的气候适宜性区划指标有8个:海拔高度、生育期平均气温、>10℃活动积温、降水量、日照时数以及7月平均气温、7-8月昼夜平均温差、5-7月降水量,每个指标分3级,对应最适宜、适宜和次适宜。通过对各站点的气候资料及其对应的经度、纬度、海拔高度、坡度和坡向等基础信息数据,应用多元线性回归方法,建立区划指标的空间分析模式。依托GIS技术空间分析功能,运用模式进行网格距为100m×100m以及精确到贵州西部地区乡(镇)的精细化气候区划,得到春薯最适宜区占贵州西部面积的52%,适宜区占45%,次适宜区占3%。 相似文献
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起伏地形对气温时空分布的影响——以重庆市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]基于GIS技术等分析起伏地形下气温的时空分布及其变化,为研究区域生态环境、农业区划及气候变化等提供借鉴和参考。[方法]以重庆市为例,利用34个气象站点1971—2010年历年平均气温资料,通过在气温与经纬度、海拔高度、坡度和坡向等地理和地形因子之间建立模型,并在GIS平台基于高空间分辨率的DEM数据(100m×100m)对气温空间分布进行定量估算和三维模拟。[结果](1)近40a内不同年代际的平均气温与诸多地理和地形因子之间的复相关系数均在0.8以上。(2)近40a内的年平均气温呈现出先降后升的变化。(3)绝大部分地区的年平均气温在近40a内均呈现增加趋势,且增加幅度表现为:渝东南渝东北渝西。[结论]起伏地形下气温的空间分布与诸多地理和地形因子之间的相关关系显著,且基于高空间分辨率的DEM数据利用GIS的三维模拟技术能够直观鲜明的体现出起伏地形下气温的空间分布及其变化特征。 相似文献
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基于GIS的大兴安岭中段东南坡降水量空间插值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用大兴安岭中段东南坡即内蒙古兴安盟及其周边地区共计26个气象观测站资料,应用半经验半理论回归模拟方法,建立了内蒙古兴安盟地区18个降水量空间分布模型,模型全部通过0.05显著性检验。在此基础上,应用GIS技术和1∶25万地理信息数据,将兴安盟地区降水量插值到3″×3″的网格点上。结果表明:兴安盟地区年降水量自东南向西北逐渐递增,年降水量随经度的增加而递减,递减率为24.7mm/1°E;随纬度的增加而递增,递增率为37.6mm/1°N;随海拔高度的增加而递减,递减率为6.4mm/100m。研究结果为更好地满足当地农牧林业生产、工业基地布局等合理开发利用水资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
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Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
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Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献