共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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【目的】分析平邑甜茶锌铁浓度处理下磷、钾和钙的分配特性及相互关系,解释苹果树在锌铁处理下矿质元素间的平衡规律。【方法】以平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd）为试材,采用正交设计方案,通过溶液培养法培养幼苗,分析了不同锌铁供应水平下营养器官磷、钾和钙的浓度差异、转运系数及各元素之间的相关性。【结果】缺锌导致根中磷、钾和钙的浓度显著降低;茎和叶中钾浓度降低,磷和钙的浓度显著升高。高锌对磷、钾和钙在各器官中的浓度影响不显著。在铁处理中,高铁和低铁均使根系钙和磷的浓度降低,低铁使地上部的钙浓度升高。转运系数显示,低锌降低了钾向地上部的转运,高铁和低铁均降低钾向地上部的转运;提高铁处理浓度对磷向地上部转运具有显著的促进作用。相关性分析结果表明,根中锌浓度与磷、钾、钙呈极显著正相关性,磷和钙与锌在茎和叶中均呈负相关。【结论】低锌条件下,降低了钾向地上部的分配,促进磷和钙在地上部的累积;在根中磷、钾和钙的浓度降低。中锌和高锌处理下,提高铁的处理浓度,导致各器官钙浓度显著降低。 相似文献
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[目的]探究镉胁迫下施加镧对水稻中矿质元素吸收和转运的影响,为缓解水稻镉毒害及降低环境中镉对作物的危害提供有效方法,也为利用稀土元素减轻水稻的镉毒害提供理论依据.[方法]以南方大面积种植的8个水稻品种(湘早籼46、湘晚籼12、早籼788、早籼802、扬稻6、湘早143、中早27、赣晚籼34)为试验材料,采用外源施入0.2 mmol/L氯化镧(LaCl3)的方法[对照(CK)未施LaCl3],对比分析施入镧后不同水稻品种在2μmol/L氯化镉(CaCl2)胁迫下根部和地上部对钙、铁、镁、锌和钾5种矿质元素吸收量、转运系数及矿质元素间相关性的变化.[结果]与CK相比,施入LaCl3可促进多数水稻品种地上部对铁和锌元素的吸收,其中湘早籼46的地上部铁含量升幅最高,较CK显著升高80.12%(P<0.05);施入LaCl3对多数水稻品种根部的钙、铁、锌吸收均起抑制作用,除扬稻6的钙含量、湘晚籼12的铁含量和中早27的锌含量高于CK外,其他品种的钙、铁、锌降幅分别为7.61%~35.84%、7.09%~42.01%和10.23%~55.27%.LaCl3处理提高了水稻根部向地上部转运钙、铁和锌元素的能力,大部分品种对钙、铁和锌元素的转运系数表现为LaCl3处理高于CK.相关分析结果表明,LaCl3处理降低了镉胁迫下水稻体内矿质元素间的相关性.[结论]镉胁迫下施加镧可抑制多数水稻品种幼苗根系对钙、铁和锌元素的吸收,同时促进地上部对铁和锌元素的吸收,提高水稻根系向地上部转运钙、铁和锌元素的能力,并降低镉胁迫下水稻体内矿质元素间的相关性,进而缓解水稻的镉毒害. 相似文献
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外源钙对镉胁迫下植物生长及耐镉机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
镉(Cd)是一种非必需且含有剧毒的重金属元素,经根系吸收、转运和积累对植物有很强的毒害作用。重金属通常不能被降解,易于通过食物链进行生物累积,从而对生态系统和人类健康构成长期威胁,因此应采取措施降低镉污染问题。钙(Ca)是参与各种植物生理过程所必需的大量营养素,如参与植物的生长发育,光合作用,细胞分裂等。由于Ca和Cd之间的化学相似性,Ca可以调节Cd诱导的植物生理代谢变化,因此研究Ca与Cd在植物体内的交互作用具有重要意义。近期研究表明,Ca作为一种外源物质,通过缓解生长抑制,调节重金属的转运和积累,改善光合作用,减轻氧化损伤,从而保护植物免受Cd胁迫。本文综述了钙在镉胁迫下对植物生长,重金属转运和积累,光合作用及氧化胁迫的影响。 相似文献
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钙离子在植物生理调节中的作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
钙是植物必须的营养元素,同时也是植物体内转导多种生理过程的胞内胞外信号物质之一。胞外Ca2+通过Ca2+通道内流进入胞质,并通过Ca2+-ATPase和Ca2+/H+反向转运蛋白外流,以保持胞质内低Ca2+浓度。同时为了应对植物发育和环境胁迫信号,Ca2+由质膜、液泡膜和内质网膜的Ca2+通道内流进入胞质,导致胞质Ca2+浓度迅速增加,产生钙瞬变和钙振荡,传递到钙信号靶蛋白(如钙调素、钙依赖型蛋白激酶及钙调磷酸酶B类蛋白,引起特异的生理生化反应),这一系列钙信号调节、应答机制构成了植物的钙信号系统。对钙转运系统、钙信号调节和放大及应答方式进行了综述。 相似文献
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植物调控盐胁迫下离子动态平衡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在盐胁迫下,植物在细胞质溶胶中维持高浓度的K+和低浓度的Na+。植物通过调控K+和Na+转运蛋白和为这些转运蛋白提供转运动力的H+泵蛋白活性及其表达量来维持。尽管盐胁迫感受器蛋白仍不清楚,但是已明确鉴定其信号转导的一些中介化合物。迹象表明,一类蛋白激酶化合物SOS3和丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶SOS2能够被盐胁迫引起的钙信号激活。其CBL/CIPK复合物随后磷酸化和激活多种离子转运蛋白,例如位于细胞膜上的Na+/H+反转运蛋白SOS1。 相似文献
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目的 探讨左归丸去势大鼠骨密度和骨、肾组织中钙转运通路相关蛋白的影响。方法 选取48只雌性SD大鼠,随机分为正常组,假手术组,模型组,西药组,中药低、高剂量组。除假手术组和正常组,其余组切除大鼠卵巢,造模成功后3个月进行各组干预。3个月后处死大鼠,检测大鼠骨密度（BMD）;Western blotting法检测钙转运通路（肾组织）蛋白表达;免疫组化检测去势大鼠骨组织中新型上皮钙通道5（TRPV5）蛋白的表达。结果 与模型组相比,左归丸高剂量组与西药组大鼠骨密度均有改善（P<0.05）;与假手术组比较,模型组各蛋白表达均有不同程度下降（P<0.01,P<0.05）;尼尔雌醇和左归丸均能不同程度上调去势大鼠肾组织中TRPV5蛋白、钠钙交换器（NCX1）蛋白、钙结合蛋白-D28K（CaBP-D28K）和细胞膜钙汞（PMCA1b）蛋白表达,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）;免疫组化显示模型组较假手术组的TRPV5蛋白表达率增加（P<0.05）,而西药组和中药高、低剂量组较模型组蛋白表达率均下降（P<0.05）。结论 左归丸可通过上调肾钙转运通路中相关蛋白的表达和降低大鼠破骨细胞中TRPV5蛋白的表达,而发挥骨质疏松症治疗作用,肾、骨组织中钙转运过程相关蛋白可能成为骨质疏松症治疗的新方向、新靶点。 相似文献
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Intestinal calcium transport: the role of sodium 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The role of sodium in intestinal calcium transport was investigated in everted rat intestine. Ethacrynic acid, but not ouabain, inhibited calcium transport. However, ouabain did inhibit net water transport and, therefore, sodium transport, establishing the dissociation of the two transport processes. In addition to a magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (activated by sodium and potassium), a phosphatase dependent on sodium and calcium was localized to the lateral and basal membrane fractions of the mucosal cell. Activity of the latter phosphatase, similar to calcium transport in intact tissue, was inhibited by ethacrynic acid and not by ouabain. Sodium, therefore, may participate in the calcium transport process by activating an enzyme complex, dependent on adenosine triphosphate, that mediates calcium transport. 相似文献
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25-hydroxycholecalciferol: direct effect on calcium transport 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The perfused small intestine from a vitamin D deficient rat exhibits about one-half the calcium transport of the intestine from a rat given vitamin D. These levels of calcium transport can be maintained for at least 4 hours. Addition of 2.5 micrograms of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol added to the vitamin D deficient intestine via the arterial blood perfusate induces a rise in calcium transport to +D levels within 2 hours. In contrast, 250 micrograms of vitamin D(3) given in the same manner has no effect on the calcium transport level overa 4-hour period. These data provide strong evidence that 25-hydroxycholecalci ferol represents the metabolically active form of vitamin D(3). 相似文献
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p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis and calcium ion transport in fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
G Inesi 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,171(974):901-903
The calcium ion pump of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum can be coupled to hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, in the absence of added adenosine triphosphate. Comparison of the activities obtained with the two substrates suggests an analogous mechanism of transport. Independent of the substrate, a 2 : 1 ratio between calcium ion transport and substrate hydrolysis is displayed by the system, and an identical amount of work is required for ion transport against a given gradient. A phosphate ester appears necessary for substrate utilization in the pump mechanism, whereas the structure of the substrate determines the rates of activity and the affinity of the system for calcium ion. 相似文献
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In studies of the living rat, it was observed that ionic calcium is transferred against a concentration gradient and an electropotential gradient by the duodenal membrane; this would constitute evidence for the active transport of calcium in intestinal absorption and corroborates earlier observations made in vitro. The significance of this process in regard to total calcium absorption is unknown at present. 相似文献
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M Villareale L V Gould R H Wasserman A Barr R T Chiroff W H Bergstrom 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,183(125):671-673
Rickets, hypocalcemia, decreased duodenal calcium transport, and reduction of calcium binding protein have been produced in chicks treated with diphenylhydantoin. These effects are directly related to diphenylhydantoin dose and inversely related to the intake of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol). 相似文献
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Erythrocytes from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy accumulate calcium at a significantly higher rate than normals do. This increased rate of net accumulation appears related to an enhanced permeability of the membrane to calcium, rather than to an impairment in its active outward transport. 相似文献
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[目的]研究外源钙对干旱胁迫下葡萄叶片光合及荧光的影响,探讨钙在干旱胁迫下对叶片光系统的保护机制。[方法]以两年生红地球葡萄为试材,设置干旱、干旱喷钙、CK、CK喷钙4个处理,测定叶片光合及叶绿素荧光参数。[结果]喷施外源钙处理减缓了干旱胁迫下叶片叶绿素的降解,保持了较高的SPAD值;显著提高了叶片的净光合速率(Pn)等光合参数,维持了干旱胁迫下光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)较高的活性,光化学猝灭系数(q P)、PSⅡ的天线转换效率(Fv’/Fm’)、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)均显著高于对照,初始荧光(Fo)显著小于对照。外源钙通过调节气孔开闭,保持较高的气孔导度;减缓叶绿素的降解,增加光合电子传递,维持较高的ФPSⅡ,进而有效缓解了干旱对葡萄叶片光合作用的抑制,维护了干旱胁迫下光系统Ⅱ的活性。[结论]该研究可为提高葡萄的抗旱能力提供参考。 相似文献
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Oscillations of cytosolic sodium during calcium oscillations in exocrine acinar cells 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
In acinar cells from rat salivary glands, cholinergic agonists cause oscillations in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, which then drive oscillations of cell volume that reflect oscillating cell solute content and fluid secretion. By quantitative fluorescence ratio microscopy of an intracellular indicator dye for sodium, it has now been shown that large amplitude oscillations of sodium concentration were associated with the calcium and cell volume oscillations. Both calcium and sodium oscillations were dependent on the continued presence of calcium in the extracellular medium and were abolished by the specific sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor ouabain. Thus, calcium oscillations in salivary acinar cells, by modulating the activities of ion transport pathways in the plasma membrane, can cause significant oscillations of monovalent ions that may in turn feed back to regulate calcium oscillations and fluid secretion. 相似文献