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热回收通风在寒冷地区畜舍中应用越来越广泛,但严寒地区热回收通风的热交换器的结冰问题限制其应用。为找到经济的办法解决热回收通风在严寒地区冬季运行的问题,探索严寒地区冬季兔舍通风与供暖合理搭配的模式,缓解通风与保温之间的矛盾,本研究在我国东北阿荣旗冬季兔舍开展了热回收通风结合锅炉供暖的试验。试验中利用锅炉散发的余热对寒冷空气预热后,再进入热交换器中进行排风热回收,防止热交换器结冰导致其无法运行。结果显示,当该系统运行时,兔舍内氨气和二氧化碳浓度分别降低了46% 和64%。室外温度为-15.8 ℃～-11.8 ℃时,通风带来的兔舍温度下降仅为1.8 ℃;家兔呼吸道和皮肤病冬季的发病率相比上一年分别降低了16%和4%。室外冷空气通过锅炉房预热,温度提高了10.1℃,再通过空气热交换器时,温度从提高了6.5 ℃,运行过程中未观察到热交换器结冰的现象。锅炉房预热和热回收通风对冷风的加热能量负荷分别为12.6 kW和5.0 kW。热回收通风系统的显热回收效率为75.6%,能效比为6.2,设备投资回收期为3年。将热回收通风系统结合锅炉房预热可以在不额外增加耗能的情况下,大幅改善冬季兔舍的环境,为改进严寒地区兔舍冬季通风与供暖模式提供了参考。 相似文献
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畜舍热交换芯体-风机热回收通风系统的热回收效果 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
热回收通风作为一种节能的通风换气方式,可缓解畜舍保温能耗与通风的矛盾。然而民用一体式热回收通风系统在畜舍中直接应用时存在通风量小、单位通风量的设备造价高等问题。该研究设计了适用于畜舍的新型节能热回收通风系统,并研究该热回收通风系统在以下3种不同配置条件下的热回收效果,探究该系统在畜舍中的较佳运行条件:板翅式热交换芯体配置不同迎面风速的热回收效果;新风依次经过2个串联连接的板翅式热交换芯体后的热回收效果;优化了板式热交换芯体与噪声小、风量大的轴流风机的参数配比后的热回收效果。结果表明:在舍内外温差为12.08℃,芯体配置迎面风速分别为1.05和0.86 m/s时,新风温度经过板翅式热交换芯体后分别升高了1.93和2.79℃,显热回收效率、热回收负荷和能效比分别为35.88%和43.63%、0.16和0.19 kW,1.37和1.61,两者显热回收效率均未达到冬季65%的节能标准。在舍内外温差为10.49℃时,新风依次经过串联的2个板翅式热回收芯体,经过第1次热交换后新风温度升高2.59℃,显热回收效率为52.11%,热回收负荷及能效比分别为0.39 kW,3.26;新风经过第2次热交换芯体时热回收作用甚微。优化板式热交换芯体与风机配比后,在舍内外温差为12.12℃,迎面风速为4 m/s时,新风温度升高8.23℃,显热回收效率为69.9%,能效比为8.0,达到了冬季节能标准。从该研究热回收效果看,第3种配置参数条件平衡了热回收效率及通风需求的关系,可满足畜舍大通风量及节能的需求。 相似文献
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为减少冷应激对犊牛健康的影响,降低冬季犊牛养殖中通风与保温的矛盾,该研究在新疆地区对牛舍热回收通风系统的通风效果及热回收性能进行了评价。试验舍采用2套相同的热回收通风系统进行通风,对照舍自然通风。试验结果表明:热回收通风系统可使舍外进入舍内的新鲜空气温度平均提高10.15℃,日均CO2和NH3浓度分别显著降低173.15和0.63 mg/m~3(P0.05)。2套系统共可为试验舍提供通风量1 097.83 m~3/h,送风管小孔出风口的平均风速为2.45 m/s,风管始末端风速分别为2.76和2.34m/s。该系统的热回收效率为76.17%,能效比为3.1。该系统可以保证良好舍内环境和较高的能量回收效率,缓解冬季犊牛生产中通风与保温的矛盾。 相似文献
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为缓解中国南方湿热气候下夏季兔舍中降温与通风之间矛盾,一种改进的热回收通风设备应用于空调降温繁殖兔舍中,拟解决空调制冷运行能耗成本高的问题。在制冷空调运行阶段,室外气温在31～39℃时,兔舍内温度维持在22～27℃。选取两间均使用空调降温的兔舍分别作为处理舍和对照舍,处理舍中使用热回收通风设备降低通风带来的能量损失,对照舍中没有通风。试验结果表明,相比于对照舍,处理舍中因为通风的原因,温度提高了1.4℃,但同时舍内的NH3和CO2浓度分别降低10%和21%。在整个炎热季节中,热回收的应用能够降低10.2%的空调能耗,热回收效率达到63.3%。试验中,当室内外温度差高于5.1℃时运行热回收通风才是经济的,在中国东南地区典型夏季气候下,一年有501 h满足节能运行的要求,每平米兔舍总计能够节约电量为4.6 kWh。此外,热回收设备的压降和管道系统的通风组织,是提高热回收通风效果的潜在重要因素。 相似文献
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为了提高采用分矩式液压机械传动商用车的燃油经济性,论证该系统应用混合动力驱动的可行性,该文研究分矩式混合动力系统制动能量回收条件和特性,基于功率分流分析法,在Matlab中建立流量分析模型,分析了调速范围内的分流工况、循环工况下的驱动功率流和制动功率流特性,并建立了制动能量回馈过程的转速、流量和转矩约束条件方程,得出了不同工况的制动能量回收特性。获得了不同工况条件下,可满足制动能量回收条件的液压元件相对变量率控制区间。为了验证理论分析结论,搭建了试验台,对分流工况和循环工况制动能量回收特性进行了试验台架验证。研究结果表明：分矩汇速式液压机械传动系统循环工况制动能量回收能力有限,分流工况高效制动能量回收效率较高,应用多段式方案制动能量回收潜力高约60%。研究结果可为制定合理的控制策略和评估系统的综合节油潜力提供参考。 相似文献
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地道风降温系统利用地道周围的土壤作为冷源对空气进行降温处理，具有降温效果好、节省能源、使用寿命长、运行管理和维护简单等优点，并可兼用于畜禽舍冬季的加温。但该系统存在一次性建设投资较大的问题。文中提出和分析了改善地道风降温系统经济性的若干可行的途径。 相似文献
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地道风降温系统利用地道周围的土壤作为冷源对空气进行降温处理，具有降温效果好、节省能源、使用寿命长、运行管理和维护简单等优点，并可兼用于畜禽舍冬季的加温。但该系统存在一次性建设投资较大的问题。文中提出和分析了改善地道风降温系统经济性的若干可行的途径。 相似文献
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氨气是大气中唯一的碱性气体,减少氨排放对控制大气雾霾有重要作用,畜禽养殖业是重要的氨气排放源,科学评估不同环节的氨气排放量及减排潜力具有重要意义。本文根据文献资料总结了国内外不同畜禽养殖舍的氨排放因子情况、主要减排技术及效率,并结合第二次全国污染源普查获得的全国主要畜禽采用机械通风养殖场的数量和养殖量,对中国分地区、分畜种密闭式畜舍外排空气的氨减排潜力进行了分析。结果表明：中国机械通风畜舍外排空气氨气年减排潜力为26.56万t,主要来自生猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡三种畜禽,其减排潜力分别为10.18万t、7.73万t和6.75万t,三种畜禽舍减排潜力占比92.8%;从地区上看,主要可实施地区为华东区、中南区和华北区,氨气减排潜力分别占全国的35.1%、26.9%和14.9%。建议开展密闭式生猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡舍氨减排设施建设,可为全国氨减排和大气环境质量改善提供保障。 相似文献
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M. Kaplan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):237-244
Copper (Cu)‐containing fertilizers, fungicides, and bactericides has been used extensively in the greenhouses in the Antalya province in recent decades with the use of such materials tending to increase year by year. The level of DTPA‐extractable Cu was determined in 210 soils (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) and 105 leaf samples obtained from 105 tomato greenhouses. The DTPA‐extractable Cu contents of the soils taken from the 0–20 depth ranged between 0.76 and 88.03 mg kg‐1 (mean 7.79 mg kg‐1). The percentage of soils containing DTPA‐extractable Cu greater than the critical toxicity level (20 mg kg‐1) was 8.1. The Cu content of tomato leaf samples ranged between 2.4 and 1,490 mg kg‐1 (mean 166.5 mg kg‐1). The Cu concentration in leaf samples was very high due to the intensive use of foliar applied Cu‐containing chemicals. As a consequence, 24.8% of the leaf tomato samples analyzed contained over 200 mg Cu kg‐1, the maximum accepted tolerance level. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the use of Cu‐containing pesticides and fertilizers, or at least reduce the amount of Cu‐containing fertilizers being used in those greenhouses where Cu‐containing pesticides have been or are being used. 相似文献
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Leila Shekari Maryam Mozafariyan Mirza Hasanuzzaman Farshad Sadeghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(6):761-772
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans but is not considered as essential for plants. However, its beneficial role in improving plant growth and stress tolerances is well established. In order to study the role of Se in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pepper (Capsicum frutescens cv. Suryankhi Cluster), this experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised Cd [0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and Se [0, 3, and 7 µM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)] with three replications. The result showed that Cd decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, whereas Se supplementation diminished Cd toxicity on photosynthetic pigment. Selenium at 7 µM significantly increased the leaf area in the plants grown at 0.25 mM Cd. The application of Se at 3 µM with 0.25 mM Cd and Se at 3 µM and Se at 7 µM with 0.5 mM Cd increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Selenium at 7 µM decreased the proline content of pepper leaves exposed to Cd at 0.5 mM (30%). Selenium significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of leaves, which was diminished by Cd toxicity. In general, Se has a beneficial effect on plant growth and is an antioxidant enzyme of pepper cv. Suryankhi Cluster under Cd stress and non-stress conditions. 相似文献
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红壤区不同肥力水稻土根际硝化作用特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过根际培养箱(三室)——速冻切片技术研究了红壤地区高、低两种肥力下水稻苗期根表、根际和土体土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度,以及水稻生长、氮素积累的差异。结果表明,肥力水平对水稻根表和根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量无显著影响,但高肥力显著提高土体土壤NH4+-N含量,以及根表、根际和土体土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及硝化强度。两种肥力水稻土硝化强度最大值均出现在距根表2 mm处,分别为0.20和0.31μmol kg-1 h-1。土体土壤硝化强度随距根表距离增加而降低,低肥力土壤在距根表10～40mm处时硝化强度接近本底值,而高肥力土壤在距根表20～40 mm处时接近本底值。与不种水稻的CK相比,种植水稻显著提高根际土壤硝化强度。高肥力能显著改善水稻生长,增加植株氮素积累量,尤其显著促进根系生长及通气组织发育。由于红壤稻田肥力水平的差异造成水稻根际硝化强度以及水稻吸收NO3-的差异,导致高肥条件下水稻显示出更强的生长势和氮素吸收利用能力。因此,合理提高红壤稻田肥力水平对改善红壤区水稻根际土壤硝化作用及水稻氮素营养具有重要意义。 相似文献
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自由基在鸡肾病发生中的作用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
肾病即急性肾小管坏死.鸡肾病在养鸡生产中极为常见,尤其近年来,鸡肾病的发生日益增多,由于其发生机制不清楚,临床治疗鸡肾病的依据不足,致使治疗效果不佳,为此,提出本研究以探讨鸡肾病的发生机制,为本病防治提供理论依据. 相似文献
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Sandro Froehner Karina Scurupa Machado Elisa Stefen Marcelo Nolasco 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,219(1-4):591-599
The presence of sexual hormones (female estrogens) was assessed in sediments of a mangrove located in the urban region of southern Brazil. The estrogens are involved in human sexual reproduction. They act as the chemical messengers, and they are classified as natural and synthetic. The estrogens inputs in the environment are from treated and untreated sewage. The presence of estrogens in sewage is excretion from the female due to natural production and use of contraceptives (synthetic estrogens). With the indiscriminate release of sewage into the environment, estrogens can be found in rivers, lakes, and even in oceans. In this work, the presence of estrone (E1), 17-??-estradiol (E2), and 17-??-ethynilestradiol (EE2) in eight sedimentary stations in Itacorubi mangrove located on Santa Catarina Island, south Brazil, was investigated. Historically, the Itacorubi mangrove has been impacted by anthropogenic activities because the mangrove is inserted in the urban area of the Florianopolis. The estrogen EE2, used as contraceptive, had the highest concentration in mangrove sediment, 129.75?±?3.89 ng/g. E2 was also found, with its concentration ranging from 0.90?±?0.03 to 39.77?±?1.19 ng/g. Following the mechanism, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, E2 will first be oxidized to E1, which is further oxidized to unknown metabolites and finally to CO2 and water (mineralized). EE2 is oxidized to unknown metabolites and also finally mineralized. Theoretically, under anaerobic conditions, EE2 can be reduced to E1 even in environments such as mangrove which is essentially anaerobic. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1948-1959
Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management. 相似文献
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Ohnishi H Iwanaga S Kawazoe K Ishizawa K Orino S Tomita S Tsuchiya K Kanematsu Y Harada N Mori K Tsuchihashi T Ishikawa Y Tamaki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10092-10098
This study investigated whether reducing agents such as quercetin and iron(II) facilitate formation of nitric oxide (NO) gas from orally ingested nitrite in an vivo study. When 3 mg/kg Na (15)NO2 was orally administered to rats with or without iron(II) or quercetin, Hb (15)NO, which is indicative of systemic (15)NO, was detected in the blood, with the maximum blood concentration of Hb (15)NO at 15 min after nitrite or nitrite plus quercetin treatment, whereas after administration of nitrite plus iron(II) or nitrite plus iron(II) and quercetin, the time was shortened to 10 min. Interestingly, iron(II), quercetin, or iron(II) plus quercetin did not affect the total amount of Hb (15)NO generated from orally administered Na (15)NO2. However, the systemic nitrite concentration was significantly decreased in the presence of iron(II) or iron(II) plus quercetin. These results may indicate that iron(II) is critical to the generation of NO gas from nitrite, whereas quercetin contributed little under the in vivo experimental conditions. 相似文献
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Role of aldehyde oxidase in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole in pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylindolenine (HMI), a recently discovered metabolite of 3-methylindole (3MI, skatole) produced by porcine liver microsomes, was investigated in vitro using porcine liver cytosol. HMI was rapidly metabolized to a single product, 3-hydroxy-3-methyloxindole (HMOI), by porcine cytosol. By the use of the selective inhibitors menadione and quinacrine, it was shown that the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of HMI into HMOI was aldehyde oxidase (AO; aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.1). The activity of AO in the conversion of HMI to HMOI was measured in a population of pigs (n = 30) with a wide range of 3MI levels in back fat (0.07-0.30 mg/kg). AO activity was found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.70; P < 0.001) with the level of 3MI in fat. The results of the present study suggest that AO plays an important role in the metabolism of 3MI in the pig and that its catalytic activity is related to an adequate 3MI clearance. 相似文献
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北京市郊典型农田施肥研究与分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过问卷调查形式,对京郊粮田、菜田和果园3种农田施肥现状进行研究.结果表明,菜田和果园化肥施用量较高,氮、磷、钾肥均显著高于粮田.菜田和果园氮肥用量分别为1741.0和1172.8 kg/hm2,分别是粮田氮肥用量的4.5和3.0倍;磷肥用量分别为1375.1和996.4 kg/hm2,分别是粮田磷肥用量的15.5倍和11.2倍;钾肥用量分别为791.3和602.4 kg/hm2,分别是粮田钾肥用量的21.1和16.1倍.另外,3种利用方式的农田氮、磷和钾肥施用比例不同,粮田为75.4%、17.3%和7.3%;果园为42.3%、36.0%和21.7%;而菜田为44.6%、35.2%和20.3%.3种种植类型中均存在氮肥投入过量、钾肥不足的问题. 相似文献