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1.
根据2002-2003年长江口28°00′-2°00′N、122°00′-123°30′E海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了长江口邻近海域浮游软体动物总丰度的平面分布、季节变化、种类组成及优势种的环境适应类型。结果表明,长江口海域浮游软体动物总丰度分别为:春季64.61ind/m3,夏季191.84ind/m3,秋季59.11ind/m3,冬季1.4ind/m3。四季共出现软体动物24种,其中春季8种,夏季21种,秋季10种,冬季2种。马蹄螔螺(Limacina trochiformis)适温较低,是春季主要优势种;明螺(Atlanta peroni)作为暖水种,是夏季主要的优势种;秋季主要优势种为尖笔帽螺(Creseis acicula),适应于较高的水温;强卷螺(Agadina stimpsoniji)适温较低,是冬季的主要优势种。春季浮游软体动物大多聚集在苏北沿岸流和长江径流交汇处或偏沿岸流一侧,夏季在河口咸淡水水团内,秋季的高丰度则主要出现在台湾暖流和长江径流交汇偏暖水的一侧,冬季出现种类较少,低温是其最主要的因素。浮游软体动物作为一种偏大洋性的种类,在外海的数量和种类分布要远高于近海。 相似文献
2.
东海发光鲷生物量分布及其与环境的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2005年12月~2006年11月东海(27°00′~34°00′N、122°00′~127°00′E)底拖网资源调查资料,分析了东海发光鲷的生物量的分布特征以及与环境条件的关系。结果表明:春、秋季发光鲷主要分布在东海南部外海,生物量较高;夏季分布较广,以东海北部外海为主,生物量较低;冬季分布较为集中,以东海南部外海为主。夏季发光鲷的生物量与温度、盐度以及水深的关系的曲线拟合显示,夏、秋季发光鲷主要分布于24℃左右的水温,最适盐度在33左右,最适水深在75 m左右。 相似文献
3.
东海浮游桡足类的数量分布 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23
根据1997-2000年在东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E水域进行的4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海浮游桡足类生态特征,分数量、群落特征、种类组成及优势种三部分从不同侧面作了探讨,本文为该研究的第一部分。结果表明,东海浮游桡足类丰度占浮游动物总丰度的55.5%,占饵料浮游动物总丰度的64.8%;秋季丰度最高、夏季次之、春季最低;平面分布不均匀,呈斑块状分布,一般东海近海高于外海和台湾海峡海域;高值区一般出现在不同水系的交汇区,其中,大陆沿岸水和东海外海水交汇区丰度值较其它混合区高。本次调查东海北部(29°～32°N、125°E以西)水域桡足类丰度约为20年前同期的1/3;东海浮游桡足类丰度的平面分布往往取决于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchateconcina)和亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanussubcrassus)的分布。 相似文献
4.
重点探讨黄海南部及东海(28°00′～34°00′N、121°00′～127°00′E)中小型浮游桡足类的种类组成和多样度以及与环境的关系.结果表明鉴定到种的中小型浮游桡足类有71种,4季皆出现的种类比例高达83.1%,种类季节变化不大明显.种数平面分布呈南部高、北部低、外海高、近海低的分布特征,种数分布与该海域水团势力消长相关,在水系交汇处,种类较多的往往位于暖流的一侧.4季共出现优势种15种(优势度Y≥0.02),主要有拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus par)和近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)等,但在秋季,上述优势种类由尖额保猛水蚤(Aegisthus mucronatus),孔雀丽哲水蚤(Calocalanus pavo),锦丽哲水蚤(Calocalanus pavoninus)等替代.优势种更替率R值分析结果表明,黄海南部及东海调查区中小型桡足类群落所栖息的环境从夏季转至秋季的变化较大,从冬季转至夏季的变化相对较小.桡足类物种多样度(H′)、均匀度(J′)和单纯度(C)指数4季均值分别为2.58(2.27～2.99)、0.72(0.64～0.7)和0.26(0.21～0.38),H′值平面分布趋势与种数分布基本一致. 相似文献
5.
东海赤潮高发区春季浮游桡足类与环境关系的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据2002年4-5月东海122°00′～123°30′E、29°00′～32°00′N海洋综合调查资料,对东海赤潮高发区春季浮游桡足类种类组成、优势种、群落特征及其与环境和赤潮生物的关系作了探讨.结果表明共鉴定桡足类40种,优势种有中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺水蚤幼体(Eucheta larvae)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)等,并以中华哲水蚤占绝对优势.桡足类总丰度均值为154.97 ind·m-3(5.00～649.85 ind·m-3),最高丰度区(＞500 ind·m-3)主要分布于长江口30°30′～31°15′N、123°15′E以东水域.多样性指数值在长江口以北是近海高于外海,长江口以南是外海高于近海.桡足类种类数与表层水温(℃)有非常显著的正相关性(R=O.713,P＜0.01).桡足类总丰度与表层水样中硅藻丰度,桡足类总丰度与夜光藻丰度呈非线形相关关系,前者可用肥力与产力模型描述,后者可用有效积温模型表达. 相似文献
6.
东海北部鱼类组成特征分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用1997-2000年东海北部(29°30′～33°00′N,122°30′～128°00′E)四个季节的底拖网调查资料,选取生物量占总生物量90％的前27种鱼类,运用聚类分析和多维标度分析法,研究了东海北部鱼类组成的空间格局特征。结果显示东海北部鱼类组成可分为三个群聚类型,即近海群聚、较深海域群聚和外海群聚。近海群聚的主要种类有凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等;较深海域群聚的主要种类有鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)、鳄齿鱼(Champsodon capensis)、细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)等;而竹(竹夹)鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)、黄鲷(Taius tumifrons)、水珍鱼(Argentina kgoshimae)、日本海鲂(Zeus fober)、绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus sepremtrionalis)等为外海群聚的主要种类。同时分析了水深、底层温度、底层盐度等环境因子与鱼类群聚的关系,表明影响鱼类群聚的主要环境因子有水深、底层盐度。不同群聚间的种类分布是重叠交错的,并没有明显的群聚边界,但密集分布海域各异,不同群聚的种类组成在不同季节具有一定的持续性,其种类组成保持了相对的稳定。 相似文献
7.
东海浮游桡足类的种类组成及优势种 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
根据1997-2000年东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E水域4个季节海洋调查资料,对浮游桡足类种类组成及优势种作了探讨。东海浮游桡足类经鉴定共有226种,呈外海高近海低的分布趋势,夏季(163种)>秋季(152种)>春季(140种)>冬季(123种),4个季节皆出现的有78种。优势种(优势度Y≥0.02的17种,主要有中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、普通波水蚤(Undinula vulgaris)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchate conicina)和亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)等,季节更替明显,在秋、冬季优势种中还新出现了多种中、小型桡足类。北部近海(29°～32°N、125°E以西)春季中华哲水蚤、夏秋季精致真刺水蚤与水温、盐度多元一次逐步回归相关性显著(P<0.05),秋季普通波水蚤与水温、盐度相关性非常显著(P<0.01),春季鳀(Engraulis japonicus)中心渔场(>100kg·h~(-1))分布与中华哲水蚤高密集区(50～100ind·m~(-3))平面分布具有良好的对应关系;春、夏季鳀鱼仔、稚鱼高密度区(≥100ind·net~(-1))与中华哲水蚤高丰度区(50～100ind·m~(-3))相重叠。 相似文献
8.
东海区七星底灯鱼数量分布以及与温盐度的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文利用从2000年12月到2001年9月一个周年的渔业资源调查数据,对东海区七星底灯鱼的数量分布及其与温盐度的关系进行了研究。结果表明:东海区的七星底灯鱼可分为东海北部和浙江中南部近海2个群体。以东海北部群体较大,主要分布在30°N以北的海域;浙江中南部近海群体较小,且只有零星分布。七星底灯鱼在东海北部海域从沿岸到外海都有分布,但沿岸数量较少,主要分布在30°30′~32°30′N、124°00′~126°30′E之间的海域;以冬春季节分布面较广,夏秋季节的分布面较窄。东海北部群七星底灯鱼栖息海域的表层温度值变化较大,以春季最低,秋季最高;密集分布区的等温线变化范围在1~2℃左右。浙江中南部近海群的栖息水温变化较小,全年都在20℃以上。各季节浙江中南部近海群的适宜水温均高于东海北部群。各季节东海北部群密集分布区的表层盐度在32.0~34.5之间,以冬春季的盐度值较高,夏秋季的盐度值较低;浙江中南部近海群的栖息海域表层盐度除冬季较高外,其余季节相对较低。 相似文献
9.
根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨东海浮游十足类(Decapods)总丰度的平面分布、季节变化以及变化的动力学机制。结果表明,浮游十足类总丰度有明显的季节变化,夏季最高为451 ind/(100 m3),秋季次之为71 ind/(100 m3),春季最低为24 ind/(100 m3)。北部近海(29°30′~33°N、123°30′~125°E)水域春季几乎没有分布,除冬季外,总丰度基本呈近海高于外海的分布趋势。中型莹虾(Luciferintermedius)是影响总丰度变化最主要的种类;夏季与秋季及四季总丰度的变化同水温有非常显著的线性相关关系,与盐度的相关关系不显著;冬季则仅仅与盐度有关,春季则与温度和盐度相关。从春季到夏季,高丰度区随台湾暖流向北扩展,并在闽浙沿岸水团与台湾暖流交汇处形成高丰度分布区[>2 500 ind/(100 m3)];从夏季到秋季,浮游十足类随着台湾暖流继续向北,在与长江冲淡水交汇处形成较高丰度区。水温和海流是影响东海浮游十足类总丰度分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
10.
东海浮游十足类优势种环境适应的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据1997-2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海浮游十足类优势种的生态特征进行了研究,探讨这些优势种对环境的适应及与渔场的关系。结果表明:主要优势种有中型莹虾Lucifer intermedius、刷状莹虾Lucifer penicillifer、细螯虾Leptochela gracilis和汉森莹虾Lucifer hanseni。前2个优势种是近海暖水种,细螯虾是广温高盐种,汉森莹虾是外海暖水种。近海暖水种不但平均丰度高,而且优势度和占浮游十足类总丰度的百分比均大于其它优势种。广温高盐优势种具有较高的出现率,细鳌虾丰度不高,但在每个季节、各个海区均有出现。在夏季,低温环境适应力差的暖水种往往有很高的聚集强度。与东海其它类群的浮游动物不同,浮游十足类以夏季丰度最大。就个体数量而言,以近海暖水种个体居多,主要分布在位于东海沿岸河口附近的鱼类产卵场。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献