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生牛乳杀菌后残留少数芽孢具有极强耐受性,在一定条件下芽孢大量繁殖,使牛乳发生变质,严重影响产品品质和消费者健康。采集并选择含有芽孢杆菌的生牛乳样品,进行需氧芽孢杆菌和嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌的分离,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,同时对分离到的嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌进行耐热性研究。结果表明：共分离出10?株芽孢杆菌,其中3?株为嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌,7?株为需氧芽孢杆菌,其中能耐受115?℃/15?min热处理的有凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌,121?℃/20?min热处理可以将生牛乳中芽孢杆菌全部杀灭,致死率达100%,芽孢数下降4?个数量级;生牛乳中芽孢杆菌的优势菌有枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、明胶芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌;耐热性较强的有凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌,最高能耐受115?℃/15?min热处理。 相似文献
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嗜冷菌能在原料乳冷藏条件下生长,其分泌蛋白酶和脂肪酶降解牛乳中的蛋白和脂肪,导致牛乳变质。本文归纳了原料乳中嗜冷菌的种类,总结嗜冷芽孢杆菌的危害研究进展,重点包括嗜冷菌常见种型、危害特点、分泌的蛋白酶和脂肪酶。最后探讨了嗜冷芽孢杆菌的研究方向。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2016,(11)
本研究旨在从健康猪肠道正常菌群中筛选出性能良好的芽孢杆菌,以用于提高饲料利用率、减少猪消化道感染及减少感染后抗生素的使用。本研究精选重庆偏远山区从未添食配合饲料且生产性能优良的经产母猪,从其新鲜粪便中分离耐酸、耐胆盐的芽孢杆菌,进一步筛选能同时产淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶的菌株,最后进行生化鉴定和基于16S r DNA序列的分子鉴定。结果表明,试验共筛选出7株能同时分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶的芽孢杆菌,它们在p H3.0条件下处理2 h存活率为30%~90%,在0.5%胆盐中处理2 h存活率为40%~100%。经生化鉴定与分子鉴定为1株嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,1株地衣芽孢杆菌,5株枯草芽孢杆菌。由结果可知,本研究筛选的7株芽孢杆菌能耐受低p H和高胆盐环境,且具备同时分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶3种胞外酶的能力。 相似文献
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以菊芋粉为材料,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为实验菌株,研究菊芋在牛乳中对嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌生长的影响,以期为进一步开发菊芋资源和研制菊芋酸奶提供理论依据。结果表明,在牛乳中加入菊芋粉,凝乳时间有所缩短,菊芋粉对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的生长无抑制作用,0.6%菊芋粉添加量对保加利亚生长有显著促进作用。 相似文献
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本试验对猪生物发酵床保育期垫料样品中效应细菌的组成和作用进行了研究,共获得了6株效应细菌;经纯培养后观察其个体与群体形态,并进行生化特征鉴定以及16S rRNA基因分析.结果表明,所得的6株效应细菌中,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)细菌有4株,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis);沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)有1株,为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens);假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)有1株,为假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas). 相似文献
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南疆某乳品企业生产的奶粉偶尔会出现异味、凝固、微生物检验超标等问题。为研究品质异常奶粉是否存在芽孢杆菌污染,试验将品质异常奶粉通过水浴80℃处理20 min后,接种于锰盐培养基、LB固体培养基、嗜冷培养基,分别于高温(55℃)、中温(37℃)和低温(4℃)3种培养方式进行培养。分离培养后,通过革兰染色和芽孢染色后,对镜检有芽孢的单菌落进行菌体扩增、DNA提取、16S rDNA序列PCR扩增、克隆、鉴定后送测序。序列分析结果表明:从品质异常奶粉中分离鉴定出3株短小芽孢杆菌和7株地衣芽孢杆菌。对地衣芽孢杆菌进行进化树的构建结果显示,该菌与登录号为KU986668、CP025226、MK063874、MN493780、MG97702的地衣芽孢杆菌处于同一分支,且同源性为100%。对短小芽孢杆菌进行进化树的构建结果显示,该菌株与登录号为FJ641024、MT367713、FJ641028、KU662344、DQ275671、KR780437、KF463141的短小芽孢杆菌处于同一分支,且同源性为100%。该检测结果为企业建立科学、准确、高效的微生物污染防控体系,从源头分析和控制微生物的污染途径,提高产品质量奠定基础。 相似文献
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奶牛瘤胃需氧及兼性厌氧菌的PCR-16S rDNA鉴定及日粮的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计9个精料梯度的日粮饲喂干乳期成年荷斯坦奶牛,并对其瘤胃液中的部分细菌进行了分离,PCR-16S rDNA鉴定和动态检测。结果显示,以瘤胃液为原料,采用人工培养基共分离到56株细菌,并对7株具代表性的细菌进行了PCR扩增,经序列同源性比较,最终把细菌鉴定为牛链球菌（A0625、A1212、0131）、蜡样芽孢杆菌（0113）、地衣芽孢杆菌（0091）、短小芽孢杆菌（0083）和嗜热链球菌（0123）。同时还发现随精料浓度的增加,牛链球菌、芽孢杆菌及嗜热链球菌的数量均呈不同程度的上升趋势。结果表明不同精料浓度的日粮对奶牛瘤胃需氧及兼性厌氧菌有着不同程度的影响,其中对牛链球菌影响最大,从系统发育分析可知所分离细菌虽未形成新的细菌进化枝,但牛链球菌和嗜热链球菌的核苷酸序列仍发生了多处碱基突变。 相似文献
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Nilmini Beneragama Masahiro Iwasaki Suraju A. Lateef Takaki Yamashiro Ikko Ihara Kazutaka Umetsu 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(5):426-433
Anaerobic digestion is considered as a promising method to manage animal waste with antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Current research was conducted to investigate the survival of multidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDRB) resistant to three groups of antibiotics: (i) cefazolin, neomycin, vancomycin, kanamycin (group 1); (ii) penicillin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin (group 2); and (iii) cefazolin, neomycin, vancomycin, kanamycin, penicillin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin (group 3), in anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk at 37°C and 55°C for 22 days, respectively. The population densities of three groups of MDRB on peptone, tryptone, yeast and glucose agar plates incubated at 30°C for 7 days before and after digestion showed 100% destruction in both digestates at thermophilic temperature. Overall reduction of more than 90% of three groups of MDRB was observed in mesophilic digestion with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between manure and milk mixture. Co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk always produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher total gas and methane gas than digestion of manure alone at both temperatures. Gas production in each case was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in thermophilic digestion than in mesophilic digestion. The results demonstrate that thermophilic co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk offers more benefits in terms of the environment and economy. 相似文献
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嗜冷菌对UHT乳品质的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：原料乳嗜冷菌污染是影响uHT乳保质期的重要原因之一,并且嗜冷菌分布具有地域特征性本研究对蒙牛8个牧场原料乳中的嗜冷菌进行了分离和鉴定,确定了牧场常见嗜冷菌种类及特性,并分析了其对uHT乳品质的影响．结果表明,从试验样品中分离出的嗜冷菌为假单胞菌属、微球菌属和产碱杆菌属;牧场原料乳的嗜冷菌数量与气温有关,1～3月份数量较高,6～9月份数量较低;原料乳嗜冷菌数越多,UHTqL货架期越短;原料乳中嗜冷菌数达到10^5 CFU／mL时,对uHT乳苦味值的影响显著（p〈（1．（15）;嗜冷菌脂肪酶活力达10IU／mL、蛋白酶活力为15Iu／mL、25IU／mL时对UHTSfL苦味值的影响显著（P〈0．05）;原料gLpH值为6．7和3.5％2冷藏条件下,蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性较高,不利于uHT乳长期贮存、综上研究,原料乳中嗜冷菌数过多会严重影响uHT乳品质和风味;低温贮藏条件下,嗜冷菌产生的脂肪酶和蛋白酶会破坏UHT乳品质,因此不建议长期低温保存uHT乳、 相似文献
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试验采用浊度法来鉴别原料乳、巴氏乳及UHT乳。螯合盐对不同热处理的牛乳处理后显示出不同的浊度,根据这一特性筛选出可以较好区分原料乳、巴氏乳及UHT乳的螯合盐,该检测方法的原理为螯合盐主要通过螯合了牛乳中的钙、对酪蛋白胶粒进行了分散,并形成了一种新的螯合盐和钙的复合物,改变了酪蛋白的特性。结果显示柠檬酸盐（柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸铵）和磷酸盐（六偏磷酸钠、多聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠）可以很好将牛乳中的酪蛋白胶粒进行分散,分散后的胶体溶液呈现出可以定量测量的浊度,但柠檬酸三钠对原料乳、巴氏乳和UHT乳分散后浊度的区分最为明显,D600 nm值在0～0.15之间为原料乳,0.20～0.50之间为巴氏乳,0.60～1.00之间为UHT乳。浊度法可以快速的鉴别原料乳、巴氏乳和UHT乳,且操作简便,检测速度快,费用低。 相似文献
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Guangdou Qi Zhifei Pan Fetra J. Andriamanohiarisoamanana Takaki Yamashiro Masahiro Iwasaki Ikko Ihara Kazutaka Umetsu 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of solid–liquid separation on anaerobic digestion of dairy manure in semi‐continuous stirred tank reactors. Reactors fed with liquid fraction of dairy manure (screened liquid manure) were kept in water baths at mesophilic (Run 1) and thermophilic (Run 3) temperatures, respectively, while reactors fed with water diluted manure and kept at mesophilic (Run 2) and thermophilic (Run 4) temperatures as control reactors. The performances of reactors were compared in terms of biogas and methane production, and digestate characteristics. The methane yields obtained from screened manure were higher than those from diluted manure at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures, while the highest methane yield was 185 L/kg VSadded under thermophilic temperature. Solid–liquid separation also had improved the effect on digestate fertilizer characteristics. Among four digestates from reactors, the highest contents of nutrients, N (4.12 g/kg) and P (2.36 g/kg) were found in Run 3, while the highest content of K (3.42 g/kg) was found in Run 1. These results showed the benefits of solid–liquid separation of dairy manure on process performance and digestate characteristics. 相似文献
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Pasteurised and ultra high temperature (UHT)-treated milk were tested over the period November 1997-February 1998 in order to evaluate the applicability of an hypodermosis ELISA test on commercial milk samples. Milk samples from six dairy companies were analysed and the development of anti-Hypoderma antibodies recorded for the period from September 1998 to June 1999. For one dairy (no. 3) bulk milk samples were also obtained from the tankers, transporting milk away from the farms, and analysed; the results were compared to the parasitological status of the cows whose milk had been collected on the farms. Out of 32 pasteurised samples tested, 23 were positive, exceeding the cut-off (22%), while 9 samples were negative. UHT milk was always negative. The antibody levels in milk samples from four of the six companies were highest during January and decreased gradually during February to May 1999. The bulk milk samples also had high antibody levels and 47.2% of milk producing cows had lesions of hypodermosis. It was concluded that testing commercial milk for antibodies is an efficient way of detecting the presence of hypodermosis in cattle, especially in those countries for which no data on this disease are available. 相似文献
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[目的]为了解导致原料乳变质的微生物种类及其产蛋白酶活力。[方法]对广东省恒远市某规模化牧场提供的蛋白水解、脂肪上浮的变质原料乳稀释,涂布在MPC琼脂平板上。将平板于6.5 ℃恒温培养箱培养10 d,挑取形态不同的单菌落在LB液体培养基复壮增菌,提取其DNA,利用16S rDNA方法对分离的菌株进行鉴定,并对该菌株的蛋白酶活力及高温钝化后酶残留率进行测定。[结果]MPC琼脂板菌落形态单一,原料乳中分离鉴定出的两株菌均为霍氏假单胞菌,该菌株在28 ℃下对乳平板的水解圈为（15.35±0.56）mm,经135 ℃处理5 s,其蛋白酶残留率为43.63%。[结论]变质原料乳中分离到两株霍氏假单胞菌,并且该菌可产生热不敏感的蛋白酶,该酶的存在会造成原料乳中蛋白质水解,导致UHT乳在货架期内出现蛋白水解、胀包等质量问题。 相似文献