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1.
根据2003–2007年1–5月西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼生产统计数据以及表温(SST)、海面高度(SSH)等海洋遥感数据,以作业次数为基础采用外包络法建立SST、SSH的适应性指数模型。分别采用算术平均法(AMM)和几何平均法(GMM)建立栖息地指数(HSI)模型,并对2003–2007年1–5月的HSI值与实际产量和作业次数作比较。研究结果显示,AMM和GMM均拟合较好,HSI>0.6时,AMM的产量和作业次数比例分别为86.75%和89.82%;GMM的产量和作业次数比例分别为84.30%和85.80%,AMM稍优于GMM。利用2008年1–5月的阿根廷滑柔鱼生产数据进行实证分析,结果显示,作业渔场主要分布在HIS>0.6的海域,其产量占总产量的64%以上,作业次数占总作业次数的68%以上;基于SST和SSH的AMM栖息地指数模型可用于阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场的实时动态预报,为该资源的高效开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
《水产学报》2017,(2)
根据2003—2009年5—9月我国大型拖网渔船捕捞智利竹鱼的生产统计数据,结合海表面温度(SST)和海表面高度(SSH)的海洋环境因子,以作业网次和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为适应性指数(SI),采用外包络法分别建立SST、SSH的SI,采用算术平均法(AMM)、几何平均法(GMM)、基于权重的AMM分别建立栖息地指数(HSI),并用2010—2011年度生产捕捞数据进行比较与验证。结果显示,以作业网次为基础的SI为最适;AMM优于GMM;考虑到权重的AMM优于没有考虑权重的AMM,5—9月最适HSI模型的SST权重分别为0.4、0.7、0.6、0.7、0.1,2010—2011年渔获量和作业网次的验证预报精度分别为75%~93%、80%~90%,可作为秋冬季智利竹鱼栖息地指数模型。研究表明,不同月份的SST和SSH对秋冬季智利竹鱼渔场分布有着不同的影响。秋冬季是智利竹鱼的主要渔汛期,本研究为准确建立其渔场预报模型奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
秋冬季智利竹(竹夹)鱼栖息地指数模型比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
秋冬季是智利竹筴鱼的主要渔汛,准确建立其渔场预报模型具有现实的意义。为了找出适宜的秋冬季智利竹筴鱼栖息地指数模型,论文根据2003-2009年5-9月智利竹筴鱼的商业捕捞数据, 结合海表面温度(SST)和海表面高度(SSH)的海洋环境因子,以作业次数为基础,采用外包络法分别建立SST、SSH 的适应性指数(SI),采用算术平均法(AMM)、几何平均法(GMM)建立栖息地指数(HSI)模型计算其栖息地指数,并以2010-2011年度的捕捞数据进行验证。研究结果表明：以作业次数为基础,采用外包络法建立SST、SSH 的适应性指数为最适,5-9月SST权值分别为0.4、0.7、0.5、0.7、0.1的算术平均法适合秋冬季智利竹筴鱼栖息地指数模型。研究也以为,不同月份的SST和SSH对秋冬季智利竹筴鱼渔场分布有着不同的影响。 相似文献
4.
基于最大熵模型分析西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼栖息地分布 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
根据2008—2010年中国鱿钓船在西南大西洋海域得到的生产数据及海洋环境数据(海表面温度,sea surface temperature,SST;海面高度sea surface height,SSH;叶绿素-a浓度,chlorophyll-a,chl.a),利用最大熵模型(Max Ent)分析捕捞主渔汛期间(1—4月)阿根廷滑柔鱼的潜在栖息地分布,同时与实际作业位置相比较,结合海洋环境因子分析不同年份分布差异的原因。模型运算结果显示:阿根廷滑柔鱼潜在分布区域的变化与实际作业位置变动基本一致;南北方向上,2008年和2009年的潜在分布区域较为广泛,而2010年的潜在分布区域较为狭窄,且主要分布在45°S以南的区域。Jackknife检验表明,SST是影响阿根廷滑柔鱼分布的首要环境因子,SST等温线分布可用来表征海流的强弱进而影响阿根廷滑柔鱼的分布,其中12°C等温线可以作为寻找渔场的一个指标。SSH等高线分布及其涡的变化也会影响到阿根廷滑柔鱼分布。chl.a只能间接地反映阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的分布,不能很好地作为表征其分布的环境因子。研究表明,分析阿根廷滑柔鱼栖息地分布及其差异原因应主要观察SST和SSH的变化。 相似文献
5.
阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)是西南大西洋重要的经济性头足类,也是中国大陆鱿钓渔业重要的捕捞对象,掌握其渔场时空分布特性及其与海洋环境之间的关系是合理开发、有效管理资源的基础。本文根据20002010年中国大陆鱿钓渔业在西南大西洋39°2010年中国大陆鱿钓渔业在西南大西洋39°51°S、57°51°S、57°67°W海域的生产统计数据,对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场时空分布及与海洋表层温度(sea surface temperature,SST)的关系进行了研究。结果表明,167°W海域的生产统计数据,对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场时空分布及与海洋表层温度(sea surface temperature,SST)的关系进行了研究。结果表明,15月间,阿根廷滑柔鱼产量及作业次数在纬度方向由南向北逐渐递增,经度方向上由西向东逐渐递增。不同年份间,阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度方向上存在显著性差异,而经度方向分布则不存在显著性差异。相关性分析表明,15月间,阿根廷滑柔鱼产量及作业次数在纬度方向由南向北逐渐递增,经度方向上由西向东逐渐递增。不同年份间,阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度方向上存在显著性差异,而经度方向分布则不存在显著性差异。相关性分析表明,15月阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度、经度的变化与SST之间存在显著相关性,并且渔场重心均随着SST的升高呈现向南和向西移动的趋势。 相似文献
6.
不同时空尺度下近海日本鲭栖息地模型比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2003—2011年7—9月近海日本鲭生产数据,结合海洋遥感获取的海表温度(SST)和海面高度数据(SSH),利用作业网次与SST和SSH的关系建立适应性指数(SI)模型,将时间和空间尺度分别划分为3个级别,建立9个不同时空尺度下的栖息地适应性指数(HSI)模型,分析比较得出不同时空尺度下近海日本鲭栖息地适应性指数最优模型,并对最优模型进行验证。结果显示,时间尺度为月,空间尺度为1°×1°是建立近海日本鲭栖息地适应性指数模型的最适时空尺度,当HSI大于0.6时,作业网次比重为75.42%,当HSI小于0.4时,作业网次比重为12.93%。利用2012年7—9月生产数据对最优模型进行验证,结果显示,当HSI大于0.6时,作业网次比重为60.89%,当HSI小于0.4时,作业网次比重为13.88%。研究表明,在建立鱼类栖息地适应性指数模型时,需要考虑海洋环境因子的时空尺度,以便更好地预测中心渔场。 相似文献
7.
西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地适宜性变动研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)是西北太平洋重要的经济头足类,其栖息地受到气候变化的显著影响。根据中国鱿钓渔船在38°~45°N、140°~160°E作业渔场内的生产数据以及卫星遥感数据,利用信息增益技术选取关键环境因子,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为适应性指数,使用算术平均法(AM)和联乘法(GM)分别建立综合栖息地指数模型,对比异常环境条件下(厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件)柔鱼栖息地适宜性变动情况。结果表明,1998年La Ni■a事件发生时,西北太平洋传统作业渔场温度升高,海表温度(SST)相对正常年份2008年平均上升2. 72℃;而2009年El Ni■o事件发生时,SST相对正常年份降低0. 45℃。栖息地综合指数模型结果表明,1998年作业比重主要分布于在栖息地指数(HSI)大于0. 8的范围内,作业比重达到80%;2008年作业比重主要分布在HSI值0. 6~0. 8和0. 8~1. 0之间,所占比重在30%~50%左右; 2009年作业比重主要分布在HSI值0. 4~0. 6、0. 6~0. 8和0. 8~1. 0之间,作业比重平均约为32%。此外HSI值低于0. 2的区间面积随着La Ni■a事件、正常年份和El Ni■o事件递增,而HSI值大于0. 4的区间面积随着La Ni■a事件、正常年份和El Ni■o事件递减。研究认为,1998年La Ni■a事件发生时西北太平洋海域柔鱼适宜栖息地面积增加,而2009年El Ni■o事件发生时柔鱼栖息地适宜性变差,导致柔鱼产量变低。 相似文献
8.
海表水温变化影响着中上层鱼类栖息地分布。本研究根据2003—2012年7—12月的近海日本鲭生产统计数据,结合海表温度(SST)数据,利用正态函数分布的方法,分别以作业次数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为指标建立基于水温的适应性指数(SI),取二者平均值作为栖息地适应性指数(HSI)。在气候变化背景下,假设SST上升或下降0.5、1、2°C时,对各月近海日本鲭最适宜栖息地(HSI0.8)空间和面积变化情况进行预测。结果显示,SST上升时,近海日本鲭适宜栖息地有明显的北移现象,7—12月最适栖息地面积增减比重为–73.1%～44.7%;SST下降时,有明显的南移现象,7—12月最适宜栖息地面积增减比重为–54.9%～123.4%。该研究结果可用于在SST上升等气候变化背景下,以及近海海况发生变化等情况下,对日本鲭栖息地和作业渔场时空分布进行预测。 相似文献
9.
基于栖息地指数的东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)是东太平洋海域重要的金枪鱼种类之一,也是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞对象之一。本文根据2009~2011年美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会(IATTC)在东太平洋海域(20°N~30°S、85°W~150°W)长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的表温(SST)和海面高度(SSH)的数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,以渔获产量、单位捕捞努力量CPUE为适应性指数,按季度分别建立了基于SST和SSH的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于SST和SSH环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用2012年各月实际作业渔场进行验证。研究结果显示,在东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的栖息地预测中,以CPUE为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型比以渔获量为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型预测更为准确。2012年中心渔场的预报准确性达75%以上,具较高预报准确度,可为金枪鱼延绳钓渔船寻找中心渔场提供指导。 相似文献
10.
茎柔鱼（Dosidicus gigas）为环境敏感型头足类,气候的多元变化促使茎柔鱼栖息地发生变动。本研究利用海表温度（SST）和海表面高度（SSHA）两个关键环境因子构建栖息地适宜性指数（HSI）模型,结合太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）指数,分析1950-2015年不同气候模态下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的季节性分布规律。结果发现,PDO冷期茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性较高;而PDO暖期栖息地适宜性较低。相较于PDO冷期,PDO暖期下茎柔鱼适宜栖息地分布向东南移动。适宜栖息地的分布位置与适宜的SST和SSHA的重叠区域重合,表明两个关键环境因子与栖息地分布显著相关。此外,适宜栖息地指数距平值与PDO指数的年际变化呈显著负相关关系。春季茎柔鱼渔场栖息地适宜性高于冬季,且冬季适宜栖息地的分布相较春季偏东南方向。茎柔鱼渔场6-11月适宜的SST和最适宜的SST在经度和纬度上的分布存在显著差异,春季（9-11月）最适宜的SST分布逐月向西北方向移动;冬季（6-8月）最适宜的SST分布逐月向东南方向移动。推测不同气候模态下茎柔鱼栖息地季节性分布差异,可能是由于最适宜的SST显著的月间分布差异所致。研究表明,不同PDO时期下茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性具有显著季节性差异,其差异可由环境因子的月间变动来解释。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
12.
13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
16.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
17.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
18.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献