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1.
This study was focused on the clarification of the effect of dietary sesamin on fatty acids and the composition of different lipid fractions [phospholipids (PLs), cholesterol and triacylglycerols] in the white muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) juveniles. Two different basic diets with defatted fishmeal as a protein source and either only linseed oil or a mixture of linseed and sunflower oil as a lipid source designed to have two different n‐3/n‐6 ratios (1.21 – CL group; 0.32 – CM group) were produced. Each diet was then used with or without added sesamin (0.58 g 100g?1). One hundred and forty‐four individuals were fed in triplicated groups for 63 days until their weight had doubled. No influence of dietary sesamin on growth, mortality or on the white muscle lipid content of the fish was found. Added sesamin significantly decreased the content of PLs and increased the cholesterol content in the CM group. No effect was found in the total lipid fatty acid composition but there was found a significantly lower content of saturated fatty acids and 20:5n‐3 in PLs and of 22:6n‐3 in triacylglycerols in the sesamin supplemented CL group. These and other differences show either a tendency of lower long chain n‐3 fatty acids biosynthesis or their higher use in β‐oxidation in sesamin‐supplemented groups. We conclude that sesamin in this experiment had no substantial positive impact on the lipid metabolism of juvenile carp.  相似文献   

2.
A 12‐week growth trial was conducted with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (initial weight: 2.69 g) to evaluate the effects of dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition. Five diets of different n‐3 HUFA levels from 0 to 17 g kg?1 diet were supplemented at 80 g kg?1 dietary lipid by including fish oil (FO) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of supplemental lipid. The remainder was coconut oil. The results showed that fish fed FO25 and FO50 obtained highest specific growth rate and lowest with FO0. Feed efficiency was highest at FO100 and lowest at FO0. Apparent digestibility coefficient of lipid increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA. The fish fed FO0 diet had the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in serum and muscle and highest moisture and lowest lipid content in viscera. Fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were correlated with dietary fatty acids. Fish muscle concentration of 20:5n‐3 increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA while the concentration of 22:6n‐3 was distinctly reduced in FO0 group. It suggested that 4 g kg?1 n‐3 HUFA in diet could permit gibel carp normal growth performance and provide considerable n‐3 HUFA in fish muscle. Excessive n‐3 HUFA showed impact on growth performance of gibel carp.  相似文献   

3.
In this study, the feasibility of using pomegranate seed oil, rich in conjugated linolenic acid and its partial replacement for fish oil in fish diet were investigated. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, juveniles (1.8 ± 0.1 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with similar basal composition but different oil mixture containing 100% fish oil (A), 50% fish oil +50% sunflower oil (B), 50% fish oil +25% sunflower oil +25% pomegranate seed oil (C) and 50% fish oil +50% pomegranate seed oil (D) for 8 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed diet D (p < 0.05). Test diets had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents of fish muscle. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3; DHA) was significantly lower in the muscle of fish fed diet B (p < 0.05) compared to those fed diet A. However, there was no significant difference in the muscle DHA content of fish fed diets A, C, or D. No specific hepatocyte damage associated to dietary pomegranate seed oil was found in this study. This study showed a 50‐50 combination of fish oil and pomegranate seed oil could be used as dietary lipid source for common carp without any adverse effect on growth performance or muscle n‐3 content while accumulated punicic acid in the muscle could be considered as added value for the final human consumer.  相似文献   

4.
A feeding experiment was conducted to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil diet for red seabream by using plant protein source and Schizochytrium meal which is rich in 22:6n‐3 (DHA). Three iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic experimental diets were prepared (CP 41.2% ± 0.4%, CL 16.4% ± 1%). Control diet contained both fish meal (40%) and fish oil (6%). In the second diet, fish meal was replaced by plant meals (soy protein concentrate, soybean meal, corn gluten meal) [FO]. In the third diet, fish meal and fish oil were replaced by algae meal (Schizochytrium sp. powder) and plant proteins [AO]. Duplicated groups of juvenile red seabream (8.8 g ± 1.5) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks to near satiation. There was no statistical difference among treatment in specific growth rate. Feed conversion ratio of AO diet group was higher than that of control. In wet basis, whole body protein level was significantly higher in AO diet than FO group while lipid content was lower than control group. In fatty acid profile, AO group had significantly lower 18:4n‐3, 20:4n‐3, 22:5n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) level, but significantly higher 18:3n‐3 and DHA level than the other two diet fed fish. The results might suggest that further developments in microalgae diet offer a promising lipid source of n‐3 PUFA as essential fatty acid on marine fish. And it showed possibility to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil feed for marine aquaculture fish by using microalgae.  相似文献   

5.
To investigate the impact of different dietary lipid sources on fillet composition and lipid transport, we conducted a feeding trial and evaluated the proximate composition of muscle tissue, fatty acid profiles, total cholesterol (in muscle and plasma), triglycerides, and lipoprotein concentrations in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five semi‐purified diets, containing different oils (soybean – SO, corn – CO, linseed – LO, fish – FO, and olive – OO), were supplied to tilapia for 160 d. Fish fed with LO and FO diets had a lower percentage of total lipids in muscle compared with the others (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of protein was found in fish fed with FO diet (P < 0.05). The muscle fatty acid profile was influenced differently by diets (P < 0.05). The group supplemented with SO and CO had a higher concentration of 18:2n‐6, whereas the fish fed with LO diet had a higher level of 18:3n‐3 and those that received the FO diet had more 22:6n‐3 in comparison with those supplemented with vegetable oils. Plasma lipid transport was also affected by the diets: the fish fed with FO diet had higher total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein and lower very‐low‐density lipoprotein concentrations (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

6.
Increased use of plant oils with different origins and quality in fish feed needs to be approached from a food safety and fish welfare point of view. Plant oils contain a number of bioactive minor lipid compounds that may affect the fish’s metabolism and taste perception. This study focuses on the effect of replacing fish oil (FO) with different levels of cold‐pressed rapeseed oil (RO) on the lipid composition in muscle and liver as well as on the preference by the fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets with a FO : RO ratio of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 until twofold weight increase. In self‐selecting feed trials of single rainbow trout, fish preferred the diet composed of only FO compared with the diets with RO but did not discriminate between different levels of RO. Plant sterols and their metabolites were found in liver of the fish fed RO diets, suggesting an effect on the sterol metabolism different from fish fed a 100% FO diet. The largest effects were seen in the fatty acid composition of the edible tissue of the fish with a decrease in 22:6n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 and an increase in 18:2n‐6 and 18:1n‐9.  相似文献   

7.
To explore the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) on growth and body composition of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), the FM in basal diet of Jian carp was replaced by 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 g/kg BSFLM respectively to form five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets. A total of 300 Jian carp (10.1 ± 1.6 g) were randomly divided into five groups (triplicate per group) and fed five diets, respectively. After 56 days of feeding, growth and body composition of fish were determined. Results showed that serum maleic dialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in fish significantly decreased and 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 significantly increased with increasing replacement of BSFLM. The growth, biological parameters, proximate composition, amino acid composition and serum biochemical parameters of Jian carp were not affected by the replacement of BSFLM. In conclusion, up to 140 g/kg BSFLM (100% replacement of FM) can be included in diets of Jian carp without unfavourable effects on growth while decreasing n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) composition in body of fish, suggesting that BSFLM could be used after nutrient enrichment with n‐3 HUFA to bring active effects on fish quality.  相似文献   

8.
This study investigated the lipid metabolism responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to mulberry leaf meal (MLM) replacing of some fish meal in diet. Six iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets containing different levels of MLM (0%, 6.3%, 12.6%, 18.9%, 25.2% and 31.5%) were prepared and fed to common carps in tanks for 56 days. Analysis showed that serum total protein, albumin contents and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities were not significantly different among treatments, blood glucose, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein but triglyceride concentration depicted a declining trend in MLM supplementation groups compared with control. Liver and muscle lipid content decreased with increased supplementation of MLM in the diet. Hepatic lpl showed an up‐regulated trend in the MLM groups, apo‐a1 was up‐regulated in common carp fed 31.5% MLM diet, pparα was up‐regulated in 18.9% and 25.2% MLM groups, while apo‐a4, pparβ and pparγ were down‐regulated in all the MLM‐treated groups compared with control, fabp1 was down‐regulated in fish fed high‐MLM diets (≥25.2%). The results revealed that half of fish meal in common carp diet could be replaced by MLM with no hepatotoxicity; MLM promoted the reversal of cholesterol transport thereby reducing the cholesterol in blood; MLM elevated the ability of fatty acid oxidation of the common carp, but did not activated the activity of lipoprotein lipase fully, and the suppressed transportation of fatty acid affected the degradation of triglyceride in blood together; MLM reduced liver lipid contents might through suppressing the isolation and proliferation of adipocytes.  相似文献   

9.
Two, 8‐week feeding trials were conducted to compare protein‐sparing capability of dietary lipid in herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and omnivorous tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus × O. aureus). Utilizing a 2 × 3 factorial design, experimental diets containing two levels of crude protein (380 and 250 g kg−1) and three levels of lipid (0, 40 and 100 g kg−1) were formulated for use in both feeding trials. Growth performances showed better response of both fish fed 380 g kg−1 protein diet than those fed 250 g kg−1 protein diet. Despite the dietary protein level, weight gain (WG), specific growth ratio (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio were much higher (P < 0.05) for grass carp fed 40 g kg−1 lipid diet than those fed 100 g kg−1 lipid diet; however, there were no significant differences in tilapia fed the two diets. The feed intake of grass carp fed lipid‐free diet was the lowest, but it tended to decrease with increase in dietary lipids in tilapia. Lipid retention (LR) was negatively correlated with dietary lipid concentration of both fish. Viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF) and whole‐body and liver lipid content positively correlated with dietary lipid concentration of both fish. Plasma parameters and liver enzymes activities were also positively correlated with dietary lipid concentration of both fish. Liver lipid contents were higher and enzymes activities were lower in grass carp when compared with tilapia. These data suggested that there was no evidence of a protein‐sparing effect of dietary lipids in grass carp. Tilapia has relatively higher capacity to endure high dietary lipid level compared to grass carp.  相似文献   

10.
Present study aimed to determine the optimum dietary lipid level in snakehead murrel channa striatus broodstocks. Triplicate groups of fish were fed for 240 days with isonitrogenous experimental diets with increasing lipid levels (100, 140, and 180 g kg?1), using fish oil and soybean oil as the lipid sources with the ratio of (1:1). Weight gain, GSI, fecundity, oocyte diameter and number of mature oocyte were found to be significantly higher in the group fed with diet containing 180 g kg?1 lipid level. Muscle fatty acid profile showed a significant increase in LA (18:2n‐6), LNA (18:3n3), total PUFA, n‐6 and ArA (20:4n‐6) in fish fed with diet containing 180 g kg?1 lipid. Increasing lipid level up to 180 g kg?1 resulted in significant increase in PUFA (LA & LNA), lc‐PUFA (EPA, DHA, ArA), total PUFA, n‐3 and n‐6 series in ovary and liver of female C. striatus.  相似文献   

11.
This study assessed the suitability and cost efficacy of an equal blend of canola oil (CO) and poultry fat (PF) as a supplemental dietary lipid source for juvenile Atlantic salmon. Quadruplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (～400 g) held in 4000 L outdoor fibreglass tanks supplied with running (35–40 L min?1), aerated (dissolved oxygen, 7.88–10.4 mg L?1), ambient temperature (8.6–10.9°C) sea water (salinity, 26–35 g L?1) were fed twice daily to satiation one of three extruded dry pelleted diets of equivalent protein (488–493 g kg?1 dry matter) and lipid (267–274 g kg?1 dry matter) content for 84 days. The diets were identical in composition except for the supplemental lipid (234.7 g kg?1) source viz., 100% anchovy oil (AO; diet COPF‐0), 70.2% AO and 29.8% CO and PF (diet COPF‐30), and 40.3% AO and 59.7% CO and PF (diet COPF‐60). Atlantic salmon growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein and gross energy utilization, percent survival and whole body and fillet proximate compositions were not affected by diet treatment. Cost per kilogram weight gain was about 10% less for fish fed diet COPF‐60 than for diet COPF‐0. Percentages of saturated fatty acids in dietary and fillet lipids varied narrowly. Moreover, percentages of 18:1n‐9, monounsaturated fatty acids, 18:2n‐6, n‐6 fatty acids, 18:3n‐3, and ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids in the flesh lipids were directly related to the dietary level of CO and PF whereas 22:6n‐3, the total of 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA), and n‐3 fatty acids revealed the opposite trend. Percentages of 22:6n‐3, EPA and DHA, and n‐3 fatty acids were significantly depressed in fish fed diet COPF‐60 versus diet COPF‐0. We conclude that a 1:1 blend of CO and PF is an excellent cost‐effective dietary source of supplemental lipid for Atlantic salmon in sea water.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different oils on growth performance and lipid metabolism of the grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Five experimental fish meal‐based isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing either 5.5%‐added fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SBO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SFO) or peanut oil (PO). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial body weight 13.2±0.02 g) grown in seawater at 28.0–30.5 °C for 8 weeks. Fish were fed twice a day to visual satiety. No significant differences in the survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio or hepatosomatic index were found between fish fed the FO or vegetable oils (VO) diets. Dietary lipid sources did not affect whole‐body composition among grouper fed the various diets. Muscle of fish fed the FO diet had significantly higher levels of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n‐7, 20:5n‐3[eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)+EPA (except for PO fed fish) compared with those of fish fed VO diets. However, the levels of 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6 and DHA/EPA ratios in the muscle of fish fed FO diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the VO diets. The liver of fish fed the FO diet had significantly higher levels of 18:0, 20:5n‐3, 22:6n‐3, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and DHA+EPA than those of fish fed the VO diets, whereas increases in 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6 and mono‐unsaturated fatty acid levels were observed in the liver of fish fed the VO diets.  相似文献   

13.
A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
Efficacy of sunflower oil (diet SF) and soybean oil (diet SB) alone and in combination with cod liver oil (diets M1‐2.80:1.40:1.40, M2‐2.80:2.24:0.56 and M3‐2.80:0.56:2.24; cod liver oil:sunflower oil:soybean oil) as lipid supplements (5.6%) in formulated diets (crude fat ～9.79%) for juvenile Scylla serrata (weight=0.28±0.07 g, carapace width=9.7±0.1 mm) were compared with diet CL, containing cod liver oil alone as the lipid supplement (6 diets × 24 crabs stocked individually, randomized block design). Growth performance, nutrient (protein and lipid) intake and gain of crabs fed M1, M2 and M3 were higher (P≤0.05) than the crabs fed SF and SB, but were not significantly different (P≥0.05) from crabs fed CL. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are found to influence the FA profile of test crabs. Higher tissue levels of 16:1n‐7, 18:1n‐9 and 18:1n‐7 reflected the essential FA deficiency in crabs fed diets supplemented only with vegetable oils. Results confirmed that S. serrata could utilize vegetable oil supplements in the formulated diets as a partial replacement (50%) of cod liver oil without compromising growth and survival. Partial substitution of marine fish oil with suitable vegetable oils can reduce the feed cost considerably, in the context of rising fish oil prices.  相似文献   

15.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the carbohydrate to lipid ratio in diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis in white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) juveniles on digestibility, growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and tissue composition. Four experimental isoenergetic and isoproteic diets supplemented with B. subtilis were formulated with increasing starch to lipid ratios (g/g) of 10:19; 14:17; 18:15 and 22:13 (diets PD10, PD14, PD18 and PD22 respectively). A negative control diet for B. subtilis supplementation was also formulated to be similar to diet PD10 (diet CD10). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank (IBW: 9.5 g), three times a day, to apparent satiation, for 60 days. Supplementation with B. subtilis, of the low starch‐high lipid diet (10:19), significantly enhanced the overall growth performance, digestibility and feed efficiency. Moreover, the increase in starch to lipid ratio, in supplemented probiotic diets, significantly increased growth performance, feed intake, feed utilization efficiency and protein and energy digestibility, being maximum for the highest dietary starch to lipid level. Lipid content of whole body, muscle and liver and hepatosomatic index significantly increased with the increase in starch to lipid ratio. The results of this study indicate that B. subtilis supplementation significantly enhanced growth performance, digestibility and feed utilization of low starch‐high lipid diet. However, further improvement of growth performance and feed utilization efficiency may be achieved combining B. subtilis supplementation with increased dietary starch to lipid ratio to 22:13.  相似文献   

16.
Echium oil (EO) is a vegetable oil in which percentages of stearidonic acid (STA, 18:4n‐3) often exceed those of its n‐6 series equivalent γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6). Stearidonic acid is elongated to 20:4n‐3 in fish cell cultures, suggesting that EO could be included in diets for marine fish to increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and, thereby, modulate eicosanoid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypotheses that dietary EO would increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and modulate immune function and eicosanoid production in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fed a diet where fish oil (FO) was replaced by EO. Duplicate groups of juvenile cod (initial weight ca. 4 g) were fed for 18 weeks on fish meal‐based diets (55% protein and 16% lipid) that differed in oil source (FO or EO). There were no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency, hepato‐somatic index, percentages of liver and flesh lipids and lipid class compositions for cod fed FO and EO. Percentages of 18:4n‐3, 18:3n‐6 and 20:3n‐6 in the total lipids of flesh and liver were higher, and percentages of 20:5n‐3 and 20:4n‐6 were both lower in fish fed EO than in those given FO. In flesh, the increased 18:3n‐6 and 18:4n‐3 were primarily located in phosphatidylcholine and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas 20:3n‐6 concentration was highest in phosphatidylinositol. Desaturation of 18:3n‐3 (to tetraene products) and 20:5n‐3 to 22:6n‐3 in hepatocytes was very low but was increased by dietary EO. Echium oil significantly decreased the production of prostaglandin F from gill cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and reduced head kidney macrophage activity, but had no effect on serum lysozyme activity or basic haematology. In conclusion, dietary EO may have beneficial effects on some immune parameters including eicosanoid metabolism in marine fish although this may be primarily because of decreased 20:4n‐6 rather than increasing tissue levels of 20:3n‐6 or 20:4n‐3.  相似文献   

17.
To investigate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on antioxidant status of fish in serum, intestine and trunk kidney, 1050 juvenile Jian carp (11.7 ± 0.1 g) were used for the experiment. The carp were divided into seven groups and fed diets containing graded levels of PN (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg kg?1 of diet) for 80 days. Results of the study showed that content of malondialdehyde in serum, intestine and kidney tissues was the highest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg PN kg?1 diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl content of intestine and kidney tissue showed a downward trend to a point (P < 0.05). Conversely, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione (GSH) content in serum, intestine and kidney tissue were generally higher in PN‐supplemented diets than unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that the PN decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in fish, and partly because of its improved antioxidant enzymes activities and levels of GSH.  相似文献   

18.
Pike perch (Sander lucioperca) has been identified as specie destined to diverse European inland aquaculture, but knowledge on the nutritional requirements is weak. Therefore, we investigated the effect of varying dietary fatty acid (FA) profile by partial replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils on growth, FA and body composition of juvenile pike perch. An extruded basal diet containing 59 g kg?1 crude lipids (FO) was added with 60 g kg?1 FO, 60 g kg?1 linseed oil (LO) or 60 g kg?1 soybean oil (SO). The resulting dietary FA composition differed mainly in the triglyceride fraction and was characterized by highest amounts of linolenic acid (18:3 n‐3) in the LO diet and linoleic acid in the SO diet. Diet enriched with FO contained highest contents of highly unsaturated FA 20:5 n‐3 (eicosapentaenic acid) and 22:6 n‐3 (docosahexaenic acid). Pike perch were held in a recirculation system and each feeding group (in triplicate) was fed with experimental diets at a daily rate of 35 g kg?1 of biomass for 57 days by automatic feeders. Weight gain and specific growth rate of experimental feeding groups ranged between 18.47 and 19.58 g and 1.37–1.45% day?1 and was not affected by the dietary composition indicating that FO can be replaced by vegetable oils without negative impact on growth performance. In contrast to the whole body and muscle composition, liver tissue was affected by the varying diets. Liver tissues of fish fed diets enriched with vegetable oils showed significantly increased lipid contents of 162 (LO) and 147 (SO) g kg?1 and indicate decreased lipid utilization compared with fish fed FO diet (liver lipid content 112 g kg?1). Nevertheless, hepatosomatic index of pike perch was not influenced by dietary lipid composition. The FA profile of pike perch was generally determined by the dietary FAs.  相似文献   

19.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein hydrolysates from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by‐products on the antioxidant status of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Common carp by‐product was hydrolysed using Alcalase to a degree of hydrolysis of 15%. The zebrafish were fed for 44 days with four different diets with increasing levels of carp by‐product hydrolysates (CBH0: 0 g/kg; CBH25: 25 g/kg; CBH50: 50 g/kg; CBH100: 100 g/kg). The gills, muscle and brain were dissected at the end of the feeding trial in order to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Although total antioxidant capacity did not show differences in muscle (p > 0.05), lipid peroxidation was reduced in the muscle of fish fed the CBH50 diet. Brain lipid peroxidation showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all groups when compared with the control diet CBH0. Antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates indicate their potential as nutraceuticals since (a) a reduction in muscle lipid peroxidation was verified, implying that their use could enhance the quality and shelf life of fish fillets; and (b) a decrease in brain lipid peroxidation was registered, highlighting the potential use of fish protein hydrolysates for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of microalga lipid composition on the reproduction of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis has been assessed to determine the best feeding strategy for producing large quantities of mussel seed. Three diets based on two microalgae Isochrysis galbana (clon T‐iso) and Chaetoceros gracilis were tested. Besides, hatchery groups were compared with mussels from natural populations. Lipid content and fatty acid profile of digestive gland and mantle of both sexes, eggs and microalgae were analysed and related to sexual maturation. Hatchery groups, specifically the one fed on T‐iso, showed better results in reproduction success, and these differences were reflected on tissue and egg lipid composition. Microalga fatty acid profile influenced tissues and sexes, and higher levels of 18:1n‐9, 22:6n‐3 (DHA) and 18:2n‐6 were detected in groups fed on T‐iso while higher level of 20:5n‐3 (EPA) and 16:1n‐7 in groups fed on C. gracilis. Evidence of synthesis capacity of EPA from 18:4n‐3 and DHA from EPA is detected comparing their levels and the mobilization between tissues. Egg fatty acid profile was influenced by the female diet, and differences among groups were detected and confirmed by PCAs.  相似文献   

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