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1.
潘根兴  周萍 《土壤学报》2011,48(1):112-124
采用热裂解-气相-质谱(Pyr-TMAH-GC/MS)技术对长期不同施肥处理下太湖地区黄泥土本体土壤及水稳性团聚体中颗粒有机碳(POC)的化学组分进行了研究。结果表明,POC的热裂解产物主要来源于脂肪族化合物和木质素类化合物。木质素类化合物主要以愈疮木基丙烷(G)和p-羟苯基(P)两种木质素单体为主,从而揭示黄泥土POC积累中草本植物(水稻、油菜的残茬和秸秆)的输入贡献。脂肪族化合物主要为C8-C30脂肪酸甲基酯(FAMEs),且大多为偶数碳结构。施肥改变了各裂解产物在本体土壤和水稳性团聚体中的分布,从而使得不同施肥处理下各类化合物对POC稳定性的贡献出现了差异。化肥配施猪粪下木质素类化合物以及微生物源的脂肪族化合物均贡献于本体土壤POC的积累与稳定,而化肥配施秸秆下本体土壤POC的化学稳定性主要归因于高等植物源化合物的贡献,其次为微生物源脂肪族化合物。化肥配施有机肥下水稳性团聚体中较高的POC主要归因于植物源有机物质的分解贡献。本研究揭示了合理施肥下水稻土中有机碳的化学抗性组分在土壤有机碳积累中的促进作用,各组分的相对分布差异可指示有机碳积累的不同来源。  相似文献   

2.
采用热裂解-气相-质谱（Pyr-TMAH-GC/MS）技术对长期不同施肥处理下太湖地区黄泥土本体土壤及水稳性团聚体中颗粒有机碳（POC）的化学组分进行了研究。结果表明, POC的热裂解产物主要来源于脂肪族化合物和木质素类化合物。木质素类化合物主要以愈疮木基丙烷（G）和p-羟苯基（P）两种木质素单体为主,从而揭示黄泥土POC积累中草本植物（水稻、油菜的残茬和秸秆）的输入贡献。脂肪族化合物主要为C8-C30脂肪酸甲基酯（FAMEs）,且大多为偶数碳结构。施肥改变了各裂解产物在本体土壤和水稳性团聚体中的分布,从而使得不同施肥处理下各类化合物对POC稳定性的贡献出现了差异。化肥配施猪粪下木质素类化合物以及微生物源的脂肪族化合物均贡献于本体土壤POC的积累与稳定,而化肥配施秸秆下本体土壤POC的化学稳定性主要归因于高等植物源化合物的贡献,其次为微生物源脂肪族化合物。化肥配施有机肥下水稳性团聚体中较高的POC主要归因于植物源有机物质的分解贡献。本研究揭示了合理施肥下水稻土中有机碳的化学抗性组分在土壤有机碳积累中的促进作用,各组分的相对分布差异可指示有机碳积累的不同来源。  相似文献   

3.
The 4‐year application of pig‐manure compost (PMC) to crop fields in Jiangsu significantly increased organic‐C and total N concentrations compared to chemical fertilization and control treatment. To identify the soil processes that led to these changes, 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear‐magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) and dipolar‐dephasing nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance spectroscopy (DD NMR) were conducted on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by wet‐sieving and density fractionation procedures. This allowed characterization of the SOM quality under three contrasting fertilizer regimes. The results indicate that PMC application can alter the distribution of functional groups and improve alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios compared to chemical‐fertilizer treatment (CF). Alkyl C contents were increased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) for all treatments, suggesting that recalcitrant material accumulates in the microaggregate fractions. The O‐alkyl C contents were decreased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) under CF and PMC treatments, while no consistent trend was found for the control (NF) treatment. The alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios in macroaggregates were lower than those in microaggregates, indicating that the degrees of SOM decomposition were lower in macroaggregates compared to microaggregates. In all aggregate‐size classes, the amount of organic matter appeared to depend on the fertilization regime. This study provides useful information regarding the buildup of organic material in soil from long‐term manure‐compost enrichment.  相似文献   

4.
We investigated whether the long‐term application of compost from agricultural waste improved soil physical structure, fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. In 2006, we began a long‐term field experiment based on a rice–wheat rotation cropping system, having a control without fertilizer (NF) and three treatments: chemical fertilizers (CF), pig manure compost (PMC) and a prilled mixture of PMC and inorganic fertilizers (OICF). Following the harvest of wheat in 2010, the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates and the concentration of C and N in bulk soil (0–20 cm; <2 mm fraction) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in PMC and NF plots than in CF or OICF plots. Pig manure compost significantly increased the proportion of >5‐mm aggregates, whereas CF significantly increased the proportion of 0.45‐ to 1‐mm aggregates. The C and N contents of all density fractions were greater in PMC than in other treatments with levels decreasing in the following order: free particulate organic matter (fPOM) >occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) > mineral‐combined SOM (mineral–SOM). Solid‐state 13C CPMAS NMR spectra showed that alkyl C/O‐alkyl C ratios and aromatic component levels of SOM were smaller in PMC and OICF plots than in CF plots, suggesting that SOM in PMC and OICF plots was less degraded than that in CF plots. Nevertheless, yields of wheat in PMC and NF plots were smaller than those in CF and OICF plots, indicating that conditions for producing large grain yields did not maintain soil fertility.  相似文献   

5.
土壤N2固定细菌和CO2固定细菌是土壤碳氮循环重要的微生物群落,不同施肥下土壤有机碳积累与这两类微生物群落结构及活性的关系有助于了解施肥对农田碳氮循环的影响特点.本文研究了太湖地区自1987年开始的水稻土长期施肥试验,选取不施肥(NF)、氮磷钾(NPK)肥(CF)、NPK肥与猪粪配施(CFM)和NPK肥与秸秆还田配施(CFS)小区,采集(0-20 cm)表层样本,以nifH和cbbLR基因分别作为N2和CO2固定细菌的指示基因,用PCR-DGGE和荧光定量PCR的方法研究二者的群落结构,并用平板菌落计数法测定土壤自生固氮细菌数量和用乙炔还原法测定土壤固氮酶活性.结果表明,与CF处理相比,CF、CFM和CFS处理下的自生固氮细菌数量分别提高了58％、66％和106％;CF、CFM和CFS处理下的nifH基因丰度分别提高了213％、1079％和344％.CF与CFM处理的土壤固氮酶活性显著高于NF和CFS处理.因此,施肥提高了cbbLR基因的多样性.与NF处理相比,CF、CFM和CFS处理下的cbbLR基因丰度分别提高了465％、1827％和758％.相关性分析表明,土壤自生固氮菌数量与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关,cbbLR和nifH基因丰度均与归一化的土壤养分呈极其显著正相关.研究表明,有机/无机肥配施下土壤养分平衡对维持N2和CO2固定细菌较高的丰度具有重要的作用.  相似文献   

6.
Because of its insolubility, heterogeneity and structural complexity, humin is the least understood among the three fractions of soil humic substances. This research aimed to evaluate the long‐term effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) fertilizer addition on the chemical structure of humin under maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture in a Typic Hapludoll of northeast China. Soil samples were collected 12 and 25 years after the initiation of the fertilizer treatment. Soil humin was isolated using NaOH‐Na4P2O7 extraction to remove humic and fulvic acids, which was followed by HF‐HCl treatment to remove most of the inorganic minerals. Solid‐state 13C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical structure of the humin isolates. Results showed that the organic carbon (C) content of humin increased after NP fertilizer addition, compared with a no‐fertilizer (CK) treatment. 13C CPMAS NMR indicated that O‐alkyl C and aromatic C of humin decreased, while alkyl C and the ratios of alkyl C/O‐alkyl C, aliphatic C/aromatic C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C all increased in the NP fertilizer treatment. The long‐term application of NP fertilizer changed the molecular structure of soil humin to be more alkyl and hydrophobic, and was thus beneficial to the sequestration and stability of organic C in soil.  相似文献   

7.
利用田间观测和模型预测方法对太湖地区一个长期不同施肥处理的稻田生态系统进行了稻季温室气体排放观测和净温室气体排放强度分析。结果表明,不同施肥管理下,稻田土壤有机碳含量不同程度提高,有机无机肥料配施较单施化肥处理显著提高有机碳库储量,并且秸秆处理略高于猪粪处理。与不施肥处理相比,长期施用肥料显著提高了稻田生态系统CH4和CO2的排放量,有机肥料与化肥配施较单纯施用化学肥料下土壤碳（CO2和CH4）排放增加,但化肥配施秸秆与化肥配施猪粪下稻田生态系统CH4和CO2的排放没有显著差异。不同施肥处理下,稻田生态系统净温室效应表现为CFM≈CFS〉CF〉NF,但水稻生产的净温室气体排放强度并没有显著性差异。因此,在提高水稻产量的同时,有机无机配合施肥并没有提高净温室气体的排放强度。  相似文献   

8.
Soil total nitrogen is critical for crop productivity and related to agricultural managements. However, the effects of different fertilizer applications on soil total nitrogen storage are not well understood. To quantify soil total nitrogen storage under different fertilizer management practices and explore the effects of climate, soil texture, experimental duration, and cropping system on soil total nitrogen storage in China, we conducted a meta-analysis of 67 fertilizer management strategies from experiments conducted over a period of at least three years. This meta-analysis included 854 observations of changes in soil total nitrogen stock(TNS) under no fertilizer application(control, CK), chemical fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium(CF), CF plus straw retention(CFS), and CF plus manure addition(CFM) relative to initial soil TNS. The CFM and CFS treatments increased soil TNS, and the CFM treatments increased soil C/N ratio the most. The longer the experimental duration, the greater the increase in soil TNS in the CF, CFS, and CFM treatments.Soil texture and crop type significantly affected the changes in soil TNS. The experimental duration, initial soil TNS, soil C/N ratio, and cropping system had significant linear correlations with the change in soil TNS. Temperature and precipitation were not correlated with soil TNS. Results of random forest modeling indicated that the most important factor affecting changes in soil TNS was experimental duration(positive correlation), followed by initial soil TNS(negative correlation). The CFM treatments had the largest increase in soil TNS under various conditions. We recommend promoting CFM to improve soil fertility in farmlands globally.  相似文献   

9.
采集太湖地区一个水稻土长期肥料试验定位监测田【化肥与秸秆配施（CFS）、化肥与猪粪配施（CFM）、单施化肥（CF）和不施肥（NF）】表层（0．15cm）土壤样品,用高效液相色谱测定了原土中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）含量和培养下外加芘的含量变化。结果显示,无论是PAHs的土壤本底含量还是培养下外加芘残留量,在不同施肥处理间均呈现显著差异;相对于单施化肥（CF）,化肥与有机肥配施下PAHs土壤降解能力显著提高。统计分析表明,增强的有机污染物降解能力与土壤有机质含量变化及其带来的微生物活性的变化有关。因此,长期实行有机无机配施有利于增强土壤的环境功能,促进生态系统健康。  相似文献   

10.
The organic matter in soils may be stabilized by its interactions with minerals. We have studied such interactions in a Haplic Alisol under forest in which clay and organic matter have migrated from an eluvial A horizon to accumulate in an illuvial B horizon. We have tried to trace the fate of organic matter in these horizons (Ah and Bvt) by determining clay mineralogy, carbon and nitrogen content, hydrolysable amino acids, lignin signature by alkaline CuO oxidation and carbon species by 13C CPMAS NMR of bulk soils and particle‐size fractions. In both horizons, most of the organic matter was present in O–alkyl and methylene structures, each contributing one‐third to the bulk organic matter. In the Ah horizon the ratios of carbon‐to‐nitrogen, and yields for lignin and hydrolysable amino acids decreased as the particle‐size class decreased, but side‐chain oxidation of lignin compounds increased with decreasing particle size. In contrast to previous observations, the proportions of O–alkyl carbon increased as particle size decreased, constituting a major proportion of the organic carbon in the clay‐size fractions from both the Ah and Bvt horizons (≥ 38%), while proportions of methylene carbon decreased. Illite was the dominant mineral in the fraction ≤ 6 μm, whereas the mobile fine clay fraction (<0.2 μm) was rich in smectites – minerals with large surface areas. Our results support the hypothesis that potentially labile organic matter, such as O–alkyl carbon typically present in polysaccharides, may be stabilized against further degradation in organomineral complexes.  相似文献   

11.
Preservation of organic matter in soils depends on the chemical structure of organic compounds and on the surface properties of the mineral matrix. We tested the effect of mineral surface reactivity on organic matter decomposition by (i) investigating changes of organic matter composition in clay subfractions of an illitic Haplic Chernozem along a time series of fertilizer deprivation and (ii) simultaneously characterizing the reactivity of mineral surfaces. The soil was subjected to fertilizer deprivation for 18, 44 and 98 years, respectively. Mineral surface properties were characterized by selective dissolution of pedogenic oxides. The number of hydroxyls released after exposure to sodium fluoride was taken as an index for mineral surface reactivity. Organic soil constituents were determined by 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR). Clay subfractions had different mineral surface properties. The coarse fractions have more reactive surfaces and contain more organic carbon than the fine clay fractions. Mineral surface properties are constant over time and are not affected by fertilizer deprivation. Surface reactivity is a function of iron oxide density and controls carbon concentrations in the clay subfractions. Within the time frame of our investigation, alkyl C and aromatic C responded to the duration of fertilizer deprivation, but were indifferent to mineral surface reactivity. O–alkyl C seems to be protected by interactions with pedogenic oxides.  相似文献   

12.
Because of the important role of soil organic carbon (SOC) in nutrient cycling and global climate changes, there has been an interest in understanding how different fertilizer practices affect the SOC preservation and promotion. The results from this study showed that long‐term application of manure (21 years) could increase significantly the content of SOC, total nitrogen (N) and soil pH in the red soil of southern China. The chemical structure of SOC was characterized by using solid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the aromatic C, ratio of alkyl C : O‐alkyl C, aromaticity and hydrophobicity of mineral fertilizers N, P and K plus organic manure (NPKM) and organic manure (M) treatments were less than those of mineral fertilizer nitrogen (N) and mineral fertilizers N, P and K (NPK) treatments. Both poorly crystalline (Feo) and organically complexed (Fep) iron contents were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by different fertilizers, and it was observed that NPKM and M treatments increased the non‐crystalline Fe (Feo‐Fep) content. There was a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between soil organic C and non‐crystalline Fe in both the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) soils. The results suggested that non‐crystalline Fe played an important role in the increase of SOC by long‐term application of organic manure (NPKM and M) in the red soil of southern China.  相似文献   

13.
Is the composition of soil organic matter changed by adding compost? To find out we incubated biowaste composts with agricultural soils and a humus‐free mineral substrate at 5°C and 14°C for 18 months and examined the products. Organic matter composition was characterized by CuO oxidation of lignin, hydrolysis of cellulosic and non‐cellulosic polysaccharides (CPS and NCPS) and 13C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C‐NMR) spectroscopy. The lignin contents in the compost‐amended soils increased because the composts contained more lignin, which altered little even after prolonged decomposition of the composts in soil. A pronounced decrease in lignin occurred in the soils amended with mature compost only. Polysaccharide C accounted for 14–20% of the organic carbon at the beginning of the experiment for both the compost‐amended soils and the controls. During the incubation, the relative contents of total polysaccharides decreased for 9–20% (controls) and for 20–49% (compost‐amended soils). They contributed preferentially to the decomposition as compared with the bulk soil organic matter, that decreased between < 2% and 20%. In the compost‐amended agricultural soils, cellulosic polysaccharides were decomposed in preference to non‐cellulosic ones. The NMR spectra of the compost‐amended soils had more intense signals of O–alkyl and aromatic C than did those of the controls. Incubation for 18 months resulted mainly in a decline of O–alkyl C for all soils. The composition of the soil organic matter after compost amendment changed mainly by increases in the lignin and aromatic C of the composts, and compost‐derived polysaccharides were mineralized preferentially. The results suggest that decomposition of the added composts in soil is as an ongoing humification process of the composts themselves. The different soil materials affected the changes in soil organic matter composition to only a minor degree.  相似文献   

14.
The composition of functional light soil organic matter pools of arable Cambisols with a gradient in clay content was investigated. Soil texture differences originate from increasing loess admixture to the parent material (coarse‐grained tertiary sediments). Using density fractionation in combination with ultrasonic dispersion, two types of particulate organic matter (POM) were obtained: (1) free POM and (2) POM occluded in soil aggregates. Both POM fractions were analyzed by elemental analysis (C, N) and CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. With increasing clay content the amount of organic carbon stored in the occluded POM fraction increased considerably, whereas the amounts of free POM were not related to the soil clay content. With increasing soil clay contents increasing proportions of O‐alkyl C and decreasing proportions of aryl C were found for both POM fractions. The occluded POM fraction showed a higher degree of degradation as indicated by lower amounts in O‐alkyl carbon. A lower degree of POM degradation was associated with higher clay contents. Higher soil clay contents promoted the conservation of POM with a low degree of alteration. This effect of soil texture was found to be highly significant when the aryl C : O‐alkyl C ratio was used as indicator for POM decomposition rather than the alkyl C : O‐alkyl C ratio.  相似文献   

15.
Various methods exist for the isolation of particulate organic matter (POM), one of the soil‐organic‐matter (SOM) fractions reacting most sensitive on land‐use or soil‐management changes. A combination of density separation and ultrasonic treatment allows to isolate two types of POM: (1) free POM and (2) POM occluded in soil aggregates. POM fractions are closely linked to their biochemical function for the formation and stabilization of aggregates, therefore methods using different aggregate sizes may result in different POM fractions isolated. We evaluated two physical fractionation procedures to reveal whether they yield different POM fractions with respect to amount and composition, using grassland and arable soils with sandy‐loam to sandy–clay‐loam texture and thus low macroaggregate stability. Method I used air‐dried aggregates of <2.0 mm size and a low‐energy sonication for aggregate disruption, method II used field‐moist aggregates <6.3 mm and a high‐energy–sonication procedure for aggregate disruption. POM fractions were analyzed by elemental analysis (C, N) and CPMAS 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. With both methods, about similar proportions of the SOM are isolated as free or occluded POM, respectively. The free‐ and occluded‐POM fractions obtained with method I are also rather similar in C and N concentration and composition as shown by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Method II isolates a free‐ and occluded‐POM fraction with significantly different C and N concentrations. NMR spectra revealed significant differences in the chemical composition of both fractions from method II, with the occluded POM having lower amounts of O‐alkyl C and higher amounts of aryl C and alkyl C than the free POM. Due to the use of larger, field‐moist aggregates with minimized sample pretreatment, two distinctly different POM fractions are isolated with method II, likely to be more closely linked to their biochemical function for the formation and stabilization of aggregates. High‐energy sonication as in method II also disrupts small microaggregates <63 µm and releases fine intraaggregate POM. This fraction seems to be a significant component of occluded POM, that allows a differentiation between free and occluded POM in sandy soils with significant microaggregation. It can be concluded, that microaggregation in arable soils with sandy texture is responsible for the storage of a more degraded occluded POM, that conversely supports the stabilization of fine microaggregates.  相似文献   

16.
以江西红壤地区双季稻田肥料定位试验为依托,研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)及3种不同比例有机无机肥配施(LM、MM、HM)对红壤性水稻土全土、颗粒有机质(POM)和矿物结合态有机质(MinOM)组分碳、氮含量及其化学结构的影响.结果表明:施肥处理全土、POM和MinOM组分中有机碳、全氮含量均显著高于CK处理(...  相似文献   

17.
为了探讨不同有机物料施用对作物产量和土壤有机质活性组分的影响,以达到农田增产和土壤培肥的目的,本研究依托2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置的田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)7种不同施肥处理,研究减量化肥40%条件下配施不同有机物料对作物产量及耕层土壤有机质活性组分的影响。结果表明:在红薯-油菜轮作制度下,减肥配施有机物料处理的作物产量较常量化肥处理都有不同程度的增加,其中RFP、RFV处理油菜籽产量显著高于CF处理(P0.05);减肥配施有机物料处理的土壤微生物生物量有机质(MBOM)、水溶性有机质(DOM)、颗粒性有机质(POM)、易氧化有机质(LOM)含量均高于CF处理,其中油菜季POM含量较红薯季有明显的提升;相关性分析表明,经过两季的施肥处理,SOM和有机质活性组分与作物产量均呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),MBOM、POM、LOM与SOM呈极显著正相关性(P0.01)。可见,不同有机物料替代部分化肥,可以一定程度提高作物产量,更重要的是可以促进土壤有机质活性组分的提高,对于土壤培肥至关重要。  相似文献   

18.
Decomposing needles from a Norway spruce forest in southern Sweden were studied for 559 days under laboratory conditions. Falling needles were collected in control (Co) plots and plots that had received 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1 as (NH4)2SO4 for 9 years under field conditions. One of the aims was to determine whether the previously documented low decomposition rate of the N fertilized (NS) needles could be explained by a lower degradation degree of lignin. The lignin content was studied using the alkaline CuO oxidation method, the Klason lignin method and CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. The amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose were also determined.The fertilized needle litters initially decomposed faster than the unfertilized, but later this reaction reversed, so that at the end the mass loss was 45% initial C in the control and 35% initial C in NS. Klason lignin decreased with time in both treatments and overall, the change of Klason lignin mirrored the litter mass loss. No major difference as regards the decomposition of hemicellulose occurred between the treatments, whereas significantly lower concentrations of cellulose were found in NS needles throughout the incubation. The CuO derived compounds (VSC) were somewhat lower in NS needles throughout the decomposition time. Initially, VSC increased slightly in both treatments, which contradicts the Klason lignin data. There was a weak positive relationship (p>0.05) between VSC and Klason lignin. Both vanillyls compounds (V) and cinnamyl compounds (Ci) increased slightly during decomposition, whereas syringyl compounds (S) vanished entirely. The lignin degradation degree, i.e. the acid-to-aldehyde ratio of the vanillyl compounds expressed as (Ac/Al)v, showed no significant effect of treatment. The 13C NMR analyses of the combined samples showed increased content of aromatic C with increasing decomposition time. The carbohydrate content (O-alkyl C) was lower in the fertilized needle litter throughout the incubation time. The alkyl C content tended to increase with decomposition time and N fertilization. The alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratios increased in both treatments during the incubation. The NMR results were not tested statistically.In conclusion, no major difference concerning lignin degradation could be found between the unfertilized and N fertilized needle litter. Thus, the study contradicts the hypothesis that higher amounts of N reduce lignin degradation. The reduced biological activity is probably due to direct N effects on the microorganisms and their decomposing ability.  相似文献   

19.
王芳  潘根兴  李恋卿 《土壤》2009,41(3):464-470
研究了太湖地区长期不同施肥处理下黄泥土团聚体颗粒组的组成、有机C含量,以及菲的分布和溶出特点.结果表明,不同施肥处理下,团聚体颗粒组均以0.25 ～ 0.02 mm所占比例最高,其质量分数范围为38.3% ～ 43.6%,而黏粒组所占比例最低仅为7.9% ～ 11.7%.另外,施用猪粪和秸秆可大幅度提高2.00 ～ 0.25 mm颗粒组所占的比例.而不同施肥处理下2.00 ～ 0.25 mm颗粒组的有机C含量最高,介于20.57 ～ 28.32 g/kg,并且施用猪粪和秸秆可提高原土和团聚体颗粒组的有机C含量.施肥处理对团聚体颗粒组的菲含量也有较大影响,以化肥区菲含量最高,其次为无肥区,常规区和秸秆区最低.而不同施肥处理下,菲在团聚体颗粒组中的分布具有相似的特征,主要分布在＜0.002 mm和2.00 ～ 0.25 mm两个颗粒组.长期施肥处理对原土和团聚体颗粒组菲的溶出无显著影响,在电解质作用下菲均无溶出.因此,长期不同施肥处理在影响团聚体颗粒组的组成、有机C含量的同时,也可对黄泥土团聚体颗粒组中的菲分布有着显著的影响.  相似文献   

20.
长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
【目的】微生物是土壤的重要组成分,与土壤养分转化供应密切相关。本研究利用12年肥料定位试验研究了云南植烟土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳氮、标记性磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）、微生物种群特征及有益微生物的变化。【方法】试验设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）和化肥配施有机肥（CFM）处理,在烟株旺长期,采集020 cm耕作层土壤,测定了微生物量碳、氮含量,微生物标记磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）含量和可培养微生物数量;鉴定自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌的数量;根据PLFAs计算了微生物种群特征值。【结果】有机无机肥配施处理的土壤中,可培养细菌比不施肥土壤增加了6.14倍、 真菌增加了2.30倍、 放线菌增加了1.56倍,增幅显著高于化肥处理;施肥显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮量。化肥和有机无机肥配合处理土壤的微生物量碳分别比CK增加了71.8%和246%;不同施肥处理土壤微生物量碳/氮比值显著不同,分别为14.8（CK）、13.3（CF）和11.2（CFM）。微生物标记性PLFAs含量以化肥有机肥配合处理最高,化肥处理次之,CK最低。化肥、化肥配施有机肥处理土壤细菌PLFAs比对照分别增加了25.41%和87.66%,真菌PLFAs分别增加了15.59%和39.24%,化肥处理代表放线菌的PLFAs降低了24.63%,化肥配施有机肥处理增加了83.86%,表明施肥尤其是化肥配施有机肥改善了土壤环境,促进了微生物的生长繁殖,并改变了土壤微生物种群结构;施肥处理土壤中微生物群落多样性指数上升,化肥处理还提高了微生物的优势度指数,说明施肥有益于增加微生物的种群数量, 化肥配施有机肥处理显著提高了无机磷细菌和钾细菌的数量,两者分别比对照增加了1.15倍和1.02倍,化肥处理则相反,自生固氮菌和无机磷细菌数量分别比CK降低了56.69%和41.30%;化肥配施有机肥处理土壤中的自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌共有20个属,CK土壤有19个属,化肥处理土壤仅16个属。 【结论】CFM促进微生物生长繁殖,增加种群多样性,有益于微生物固氮、溶磷、解钾,对于提高肥料利用率和保持土壤健康有重要意义。在烟叶栽培过程中,提倡化肥与有机肥配合施用很有必要。  相似文献   

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