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《淡水渔业》2021,51(5)
为探讨不同水温对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹蜕壳、生长和摄食率的影响,本研究应用恒温的河蟹个体养殖系统,分析不同水温(10、15、20、25、30℃)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的成活率、蜕壳次数、蜕壳间隔、蜕壳增重率、肥满度和摄食率的影响。结果显示:在133 d的试验中,各饲养水温的中华绒螯蟹成活率均在89%以上;10℃和15℃水温的实验蟹只蜕壳1次,20℃和25℃水温组的实验蟹蜕壳2次,30℃水温组的实验蟹蜕壳3次;五个水温组的平均蜕壳间隔分别为109.39、67.92、46.63、43.69、38.01 d;蜕壳增重率随水温升高呈总体增加的趋势,30℃水温组的蜕壳增重率显著高于其他水温组;平均绝对生长率和相对生长率均随着水温的升高而逐步增大,且各水温组间差异显著;肥满度随水温的升高而逐渐下降;五个水温组的平均日摄食率分别为1.58%、1.97%、3.54%、4.79%和5.25%。腿部肌肉切片观察发现,低水温组(10、15、20℃)的肌纤维直径显著大于高水温组(25、30℃)。结果表明:随着饲养水温的增加,河蟹的蜕壳速度加快,增重率增加,肥满度下降,摄食率增加,以30℃水温时的河蟹生长最佳。 相似文献
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为探讨长江和黄河水系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在黄河流域生长性能，本实验2021年3-11月在东营黄河口地区以长江和黄河水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹为实验对象，对两水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹在成蟹阶段的养殖性能和性腺发育进行比较。结果显示：(1)在相似或相同养殖环境下，养殖前期(3-5月),两水系中华绒螯蟹平均体质量变化无明显差异。但在养殖后期(7-9月)长江蟹雌体的平均体质量显著高于黄河蟹。两水系中华绒螯蟹特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)的变化趋势类似，长江蟹雌体在5-7月SGR和WGR均显著高于黄河蟹。(2)就生殖蜕壳而言，黄河蟹生殖蜕壳要提前长江蟹10～15 d左右，但两水系成蟹雌、雄个体生殖蜕壳高峰期相似，分别出现于8月底和9月初。(3)长江蟹最终成蟹规格显著大于黄河蟹，但黄河蟹成活率高于长江蟹，故两水系中华绒螯蟹的最终成蟹产量基本一致。综上，在黄河口地区养殖的长江蟹具有成蟹规格大，性腺成熟略晚等特点，而黄河蟹则具有性腺成熟较早，早上市等特点。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹RXR基因全长cDNA克隆及表达分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
维甲类X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR),属于核受体超家族(nuclear receptor super family)成员,是一种重要的调控因子,对甲壳动物生长发育和繁殖具有十分重要的作用。本研究根据陆地蟹 RXR基因保守区序列设计上下游引物,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)RXR基因并进行各组织间的表达分析。序列分析表明中华绒螯蟹RXR cDNA全长1517bp,编码433个氨基酸。经BLASTn和BLASTx分析表明,中华绒螯蟹RXR氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR基因的氨基酸序列相似性最高,为96%。系统进化树分析显示,中华绒螯蟹RXR的氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR聚为一支。荧光定量PCR结果显示,RXR在所有检测的组织中均有表达,且在中华绒螯蟹Y器官中表达量最高,肝胰腺、鳃和肌肉中有少量表达,心脏、胃、肠、胸神经节和脑神经节中微量表达。在中华绒螯蟹不同蜕皮时期中,Y器官中RXR表达量在D期最高,与AB期、C期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肌肉中RXR在AB期表达量最高,与其他蜕皮时期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肝胰腺和鳃中RXR在AB期表达量最高,E期表达量最低,但各蜕皮时期表达量之间差异不显著。 相似文献
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<正>通过用不同浓度的清苔灵对中华绒螯蟹浸浴3d,结果证明清苔灵浓度分别为0、0.15、0.2、0.3、0.45mg/L对中华绒螯蟹无不良影响;通过用0.15mg/L清苔灵对水草和河蟹养殖试验,证明清苔灵对水草和河蟹有显著的影响,2周后河蟹出现死亡,随时间的延长死亡逐步上升。1不同浓度清苔灵对河蟹的影响1.1试验方法1.1.1材料和方法市售中华绒螯蟹幼蟹,20g左右,健壮,活力好;清苔灵(扑草净有效含量 相似文献
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采用红色可视嵌入性荧光(visible implant elastomer,VIE)标记中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir Sinensis),观察了荧光标记在中华绒螯蟹中的保持率和对其存活、生长、发育及繁殖的影响。荧光标记幼蟹不同部位在室内饲养并观察8周,结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹幼蟹不同部位的标记保持率均为100%,对照组和各试验组幼蟹的存活率无显著性差异(P0.05)。荧光标记幼蟹螯掌节和腕节间的关节膜后移入室外养殖池养殖,中华绒螯蟹室外养殖的生长和发育速度与对照组也无显著差异(P0.05)。挑选标记后经室外池塘养成的中华绒螯蟹进行小水体繁育实验,抱卵率为83.3%,平均抱卵量30×104egg·ind-1,与未标记中华绒螯蟹小水体繁育实验结果比较,抱卵率、平均抱卵量无显著性差异,荧光标记不影响中华绒螯蟹交配抱卵。本文结果表明,VIE可视荧光标记可作为中华绒螯蟹个体识别标记,应用于育种、资源调查等研究和生产实践。 相似文献
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为了研究蜕皮激素受体(EcR)在中华绒螯蟹蜕皮和性腺发育过程中的作用,本实验采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,克隆了中华绒螯蟹EcR基因全长cDNA序列。运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法,分析该基因在不同组织、蜕皮过程及卵巢发育阶段的表达特征,并研究了甲基法尼酯(MF)对卵巢中EcR的调控作用。结果显示,中华绒螯蟹EcR cDNA全长2 156 bp,编码422个氨基酸,其序列与招潮蟹相似性最高,为89%。荧光定量PCR结果显示,EcR在Y器官中表达量最高;在卵巢和肌肉中少量表达;在肝胰腺、鳃、心脏、胃、肠、胸神经节和脑神经节中微量表达。在中华绒螯蟹不同蜕皮时期中,Y器官中EcR表达量在D期和E期的表达量最高;肝胰腺中EcR表达量从AB期到D期有上升的趋势,到E期有所降低;肌肉中EcR表达量在AB期最高;鳃中EcR表达量在D期最高。在中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育过程中,EcR在卵巢发育Ⅰ~Ⅳ期的表达量有上升趋势,到Ⅴ期表达量降低;体外注射实验中,MF1(注射1μg)组的EcR表达量与对照组和生理盐水组无显著差异,而MF2(注射2μg)组的EcR表达量显著上升;离体培养实验中,MF1组(10-8mol/L)和MF2组(10-7mol/L)显著高于对照组和生理盐水组。研究表明,EcR基因在中华绒螯蟹蜕皮和卵巢发育过程有重要作用,MF可以调控EcR基因在卵巢中的表达。 相似文献
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辽河蟹与长江蟹生长速度的对比试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
探讨了辽河水系和长江水系中华绒螯蟹两类规格的蟹种在不同养殖水体中的生长速度。结果表明,这两种水系河蟹的生长速度各月略存在一点差异,长江水系河蟹的大生长期在８月前后,而辽河水系河蟹大生长期提前至６－７月;辽河水系的河蟹青春期蜕壳时间比长江水系河蟹提前３０－４０天,这可能是导致辽河水系成蟹规格低于长江水系成蟹规格的主要原因。 相似文献
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总结我国在中华绒螯蟹形态学、养殖性能、细胞遗传学、生化遗传学及分子遗传学方面的种质研究的主要成果 ,归纳中华绒螯蟹不同种群在形态、细胞、生化、分子等层次上的遗传差异。在形态学研究方面 ,运用形态多元分析 ,建立不同种群绒螯蟹从幼蟹到成蟹的量化判别函数 ;在生化遗传和分子遗传研究方面 ,找到中华绒螯蟹区别于其他绒螯蟹的生化遗传标记和分子遗传标记 ,以及中华绒螯蟹不同种群由南到北的分子遗传渐变标记 ;在养殖性能方面 ,阐明中华绒螯蟹不同种群在幼蟹和成蟹阶段的养殖性能 (包括蜕壳、生长、性腺发育、性成熟及生殖洄游等 )差异和特点 相似文献
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Dietary branched‐chain amino acid supplementation affects growth and hepatic insulin‐like growth factor gene expression in yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata 
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下载免费PDF全文 We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with a branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) mixture (valine, leucine and isoleucine) on juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) growth and hepatic insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) gene expression. Total dietary BCAA content was 8.1, 8.5, 9.0 and 9.8 g kg?1 for the control, 0.4%, 1.0% and 2.0% BCAA experimental groups, respectively. Body weight was measured on day 77, after which fish were fasted for 3 days and refed; the livers were then removed 3 or 9 h later for analysis of hepatic gene expression. Body weight significantly increased in the BCAA‐supplemented groups. Hepatic expression of IGF1 and IGF2 significantly increased in the 2% BCAA group at 3 and 9 h after refeeding. In the 1% BCAA group, hepatic IGF1 expression tended to be higher at 9 h than in the control group after refeeding. Also, hepatic IGF2 significantly increased at only 9 h after refeeding in the 1% BCAA group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with crystalline BCAAs increased growth and hepatic expression of IGF1 and IGF2. These results suggest that dietary crystalline BCAA supplementation would be a valuable addition to yellowtail aquaculture practices. 相似文献
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在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)养殖池中进行鱼蚌综合养殖试验,以探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)吊养密度和深度对水质、鱼和蚌生长的影响。试验共分4个处理组,三角帆蚌放养模式分别为对照组0只/m^3(C)、水下40 cm处单层吊养9只/m^ 3(D-6)、水下40 cm处单层吊养18只/m^3(D-12)、水下40 cm和80 cm处双层吊养18只/m^ 3(S-12)。结果显示:试验期间,各组透明度和溶氧均随时间的延长呈现下降趋势。吊养组(D-6、D-12、S-12)TN、NH+4-N和COD的平均含量均低于C组。各组TP平均含量无显著差异。吊养三角帆蚌后草鱼的成活率和增重率显著提高,其中D-12组鱼和蚌的存活率和增重率最高。同等三角帆蚌密度下,单层吊养(D-12)的水质化学指标、鱼和蚌的存活率和增重率均优于双层吊养(S-12)。从改善水质、鱼蚌生长情况等指标考虑,在草鱼养殖池中,三角帆蚌最佳吊养密度和深度分别为18只/m^3和40 cm。 相似文献
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The Effects of Brackish Water on Growth Hormone/Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 Gene Expression of the Caspian Trout,Salmo trutta caspius (Kessler, 1877), During the Early Stage of Smoltification 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sepideh Sharif Alireza Shoae Bagher Mojazi Amiri Hamid Farahmand 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(2):201-209
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饲料中添加生物素对草鱼幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在纯化饲料中分别添加生物素0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60 mg/kg投喂初始质量为(5.92±0.25)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼8周,研究了不同生物素添加量对草鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料系数、机体营养成分、血清生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,添加生物素提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率,降低了饲料系数。添加量为0.40 mg/kg时草鱼幼鱼的特定生长率和增重率最大,饲料系数最低,并与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);添加不同水平生物素对草鱼幼鱼全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响,但添加量为0.40 mg/kg时粗蛋白含量最大。0.10 mg/kg组和0.20 mg/kg组的全鱼灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加生物素对血清总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TC)无显著影响,但显著提高了血清甘油三酯(TG)含量,各添加组TG含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1.60 mg/kg添加组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合本试验结果,草鱼幼鱼饲料中生物素适宜添加量为0.40 mg/kg。 相似文献
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Effect of dietary cholesterol levels on growth performance,body composition and gene expression of juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Puqiang Zheng Jiteng Wang Tao Han Min Yang Xinyu Li Chunlin Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3434-3441
A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cholesterol (CHOL) levels on growth performance, body composition and gene expression of juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% CHOL supplemented, and the final dietary CHOL concentrations were 0.72%, 1.11%, 1.49% and 1.83% respectively. Each dietary treatment was performed with three replicates (28 crabs per replicate, initial body weight 0.04 g). At the termination of the experiment, although the survival had no statistic difference in all treatments, the mud crabs fed the lowest CHOL diet had the lowest survival rate. The weight gain (WG) of mud crab significantly increased with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly decreased with dietary CHOL level further increased. The total‐cholesterol (T‐CHOL) content in whole body had an increasing trend with the dietary CHOL level increased. Besides, dietary CHOL supplement generally increased the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the mud crabs fed diets CHOL1.11 and CHOL1.49 showed significantly higher value than those fed other diets. The hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased slightly with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly increased with CHOL level further increased. The mRNA expression of ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene in the eyestalk obviously increased with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly decreased with dietary CHOL further increased. These results suggested that about 1.11% dietary CHOL seem fulfil to maintain good growth performance and healthy condition for juvenile S. paramamosain. 相似文献
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Dietary phospholipids requirement of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 30‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phospholipids (PLs) on growth performance, survival, fatty acid profile and gene expression of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Five semi‐purified diets were formulated with graded PLs levels (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%). Each diet was fed to four replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate, initial weight: 8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 2%, 4% and 8% PLs had significantly higher survival rates than crabs fed with 0% and 1% PLs. Crabs fed diets with 0% and 1% PLs had significant lower weight gain (WG) than crabs fed with 8% PLs. But crabs fed with diets containing 2%, 4% and 8% PLs showed no significant difference in WG. Besides, the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in whole body was higher than that in diets, but the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content showed an opposite trend. The EPA and DHA content in whole body increased with the increase in dietary PLs. Moreover, the moulting number increased with the increasing dietary PLs levels, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets without supplementation of PLs. The ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) was found to be significantly up‐regulated by PLs levels. This study demonstrated that 2% PLs could meet the requirement of early juvenile (C1) swimming crab based on the growth and survival. And 4%–8% PLs supplemented in diets could reduce the leaching of feed. 相似文献
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为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖（）稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响,本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料,分别为鱼油料（FO,对照组）、鱼油+碘酸钾料（FO+PI,碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg）、茶籽油料（TO）和亚麻籽油料（LO）,饲喂初重为（5.06±0.05）g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组（<0.05）。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异（ACACA）的表达水平,上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平（-23b的表达水平（<0.05）。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少,同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为,相比于鱼油组,在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异,但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率,茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。 相似文献
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Evelina Emmanuel Wabike Xun Wu Wenliang Zhu Bao Lou Ruiyi Chen Dongdong Xu Ligai Wang Shanshan Zhou Peng Tan 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(3):954-963
The imbalance of fish oil (FO) supply and demand has motivated efforts to identify an alternative for aqua feed. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil partial replacement with mixed oil from linseed and lard (1:1) on growth, body composition and immunity when the N3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (N3 LC‐PUFAs) requirement is met for Nibea albiflora. Two types of experimental diets were formulated with 100% fish oil (FO) or 69% mixed oil (Mix). The results indicated that the Mix diet significantly improved the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), muscle tissue growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene expression of the yellow drum (p < .05). No significant difference in the survival rate (SR), feed intake (FI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), condition factor (CF), N3 PUFA percentage, liver antioxidant enzyme activities or pro‐inflammatory gene expression was observed between the two treatments. Therefore, terrestrial blend lipid from linseed and lard could be used as an alternative for dietary fish oil without compromising growth performance and immunity for the juvenile yellow drum. 相似文献
19.
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), is one of the most commonly farmed freshwater species in inland China due to its high market value and consumer demand. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum combinations of photoperiod, water calcium concentration and pH for juvenile survival, growth and moulting. In our orthogonal experiment, the three environmental factors were varied at three levels (photoperiod: 16L:8D, 12L:12D and 8L:16D; calcium concentration: 45.5, 65.5 and 85.5 mg L−1 ; and pH: 6.8, 7.8 and 8.8). Range analysis showed that the maximum survival of juvenile crayfish occurred at photoperiods of 16L:8D or 8L:16D, water calcium concentration of 45.5 mg L−1 and pH of 7.8; maximum weight gain at photoperiod 16L:8D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L−1 and pH 7.8; maximum length increase at photoperiod 16L:8D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L−1 and pH 7.8; and the highest moult frequency at photoperiod 12L:12D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L−1 and pH 7.8. Analysis of variance indicated that photoperiod, water calcium concentration and pH significantly influenced only the weight gain of juvenile crayfish ( P <0.05). Taking growth into consideration, we suggest that a photoperiod of 16L:8D, calcium concentration of 65.5 mg L−1 and pH 7.8 might be optimal conditions for rearing juvenile P. clarkii . 相似文献