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1.
表孔连续坎虽然具有经济实用、便于施工等优点，但同时也存在下泄水流过于集中，水垫塘底板冲击压力过大等问题。针对这一问题，部分项目的前期设计曾采用舌型坎和短边墙坎来改善水舌入水流态。但目前还没有公式可以对这些异型坎水舌扩散进行详细的数值计算。对通过舌型坎和短边墙坎的水舌流态进行了建模计算，并在对计算数据进行分析的基础上提出了不同坎型条件下掺气水舌空中横向扩散规律。 相似文献
2.
窄缝式消能工在重力拱坝坝面溢流中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在陕西洋县卡房水利枢纽水工模型试验研究的基础上，首次将窄缝挑坎和扩散挑坎进行有机结合，运用在重力拱坝坝面溢流的泄洪消能上。充分利用了窄缝挑坎的高效消能和对水舌的灵活导向，拓展了窄缝挑坎在重力拱坝坝面溢流消能防冲方面的应用。 相似文献
3.
《中国农村水利水电》2019,(3)
受下游出口横向宽度有限等因素的影响,泄洪洞扩散式挑坎存在水舌入水面积过大、冲刷下游边坡的现象。针对这一现象,基于那棱格勒水利枢纽工程整体水工模型试验,对比研究扩散式挑坎和等宽式挑坎两种挑坎方案内部流态、水面线、流速、时均压力、出口水舌形态和下游冲刷情况等相关水力学特性。研究结果表明:等宽式挑坎内部横向水面变幅较小,发生空化的可能性较低,水舌入水宽度较小,消能效果充分。在改善挑坎流态,减轻下游岸坡冲刷等方面起到重要作用,有效满足了当地实际地形对于入水水舌的要求和工程运行的需要。 相似文献
4.
曲面贴角窄缝挑坎是在直墙窄缝挑坎基础上发展而来的典型消能工,目前对曲面贴角窄缝挑坎水力特性的研究还较少。通过对比分析曲面贴角窄缝挑坎与直墙窄缝挑坎体型结构、消能机理、受力特征上的差异,并从水力模型实验方面予以验证,证实曲面贴角窄缝挑坎除具有传统窄缝挑坎的优点外,还具有边墙低、消能充分、稳定性及安全性好、水舌纵向横向较为分散、底槽水舌挑距稳定有利于跨岸、下游河道冲刷深度较浅等优点。 相似文献
5.
《中国农村水利水电》2019,(9)
挑流鼻坎是水利工程常用的消能工,不同体型的挑坎对过流水体具有不同的导向作用。为解决玛尔挡水电站因水头高、流速大、泄洪建筑物集中,但其对下游河床的冲刷要求高而导致泄洪消能严峻的问题,对其进行了整体模型试验。为满足溢洪道三孔鼻坎水舌在死水位时不冲砸本岸及左右岸坡脚冲刷深度较浅的设计要求,进行了斜鼻坎、舌形挑坎、直墙窄缝挑坎和曲面贴角窄缝挑坎四种不同挑坎体型的对比试验,通过比选,曲面贴角窄缝挑坎较好地满足了设计要求。该试验研究对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
竖井是深隧排水系统的重要组成部分，传统交错板竖井的水舌交替撞击井壁，易引起受力不平衡及不利振动。研究提出一种水舌对冲式交错板竖井，归纳出估算其基本参数的经验公式，通过实例设计及CFD模拟，分析了其流态特征、消能机理和效果，并总结了几点入流竖井设计基本原则，以期为今后竖井设计提供参考。结果表明：水舌对冲式交错板方案过流能力充足，正常运行下水流不堵塞通气孔，水舌对冲消能效果好，结构受力平衡；底部筛孔水垫相配合，保证竖井与主隧道水流衔接平稳；随着入流量减小，竖井消能率增大。 相似文献
7.
《中国农村水利水电》2015,(6)
采用标准的k~ε紊流模型与VOF方法,结合某水利工程实例,对其溢洪道整体水力特性进行了水气二相流三维模拟研究。计算得到水深、流速、压强沿程分布、空腔形态、空中水舌形态及水舌挑距等一系列水力要素计算值,模拟结果与模型试验结果吻合良好,分析了燕尾型挑坎的空中水舌形态,形成过程。研究结果表明采用三维数值模拟的方法研究接燕尾型挑坎的溢洪道水流是可行的,其结果能为类似工程起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献
8.
旁侧溢洪道消能新构思 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨首龙 《中国农村水利水电》1995,(2)
阐述了双层散流式消能工的工作原理、水流特性和水力计算方法。该新型消能工吸收了国内外对撞消能、倒悬、扩散等异形鼻坎的优点，特别适合于狭窄河谷、水舌落水点难以控制及河道转弯等不利地形的下游消能防冲设计工程，该消能工与等宽挑流相比，冲刷深度可降低一个数量级，与斜切扩散坎等新型挑流消能工相比，仍可减少冲刷５０％，甚至可以做到不冲刷，关于双层散流式消能工的报导，国内外未见有关研究资料。 相似文献
9.
杨道龙 《农田水利与小水电》1995,(2):16-20
阐述了双层散流工消能工的工作原理，水流特性和水力计算方法，该新型消能工吸收了国内外对撞消能、倒悬、扩散等异形鼻坎的优点，特别适合于狭窄河谷、水舌落水点难以控制及河道转弯等不利地形的下游消能防冲设计工程，该消能工与等宽挑流相比，冲刷深度可降低一个数量级，与斜切扩散坎等新型挑流消能工相比，仍可减少冲刷５０％，甚至可以做到不冲刷，关于双层散流式消能工的报导，国内外未见有关研究资料。 相似文献
10.
某进洪闸改建方案模型试验表明，消力坎式消力池消能所需下游水位与较低的设计下游水位不能平顺衔接。通过多组试验，研究分析了多种因素（消力坎高度、消力池长度、消力池底高程、是否设消力坎等）对解决下游水位衔接问题的影响。试验表明：保留消力坎时，消力池护坦长度和消力坎高度的有限调整，不会使跃后水深出现大的变化，不改变原消能形态；去掉消力坎形成无坎一级消力池，从根本上改变了原消能形态，在消力池内呈现正常消能形态，与下游水位连接平顺；无坎一级消力池池底高程少量抬高，基本不影响消能形态，仍能呈现正常水跃消能。因此，提出了无坎一级消力池的有效解决方案；并为该进洪闸及滞洪区提供了安全合理的运用方式。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献