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1.
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. JSRV can be transmitted via infected colostrum or milk, which contain somatic cells (SCs) harboring JSRV provirus. Nevertheless, the cell types involved in this form of transmission and the involvement of the mammary gland remain unknown. We separated adherent cells (macrophages and monocytes) by plastic adherence, and lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) by flow cytometry, from SCs in milk samples from 12 naturally infected, PCR blood test JSRV–positive, subclinical ewes. These cell populations were tested by PCR to detect JSRV provirus. The ewes were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to detect JSRV surface protein. We did not detect JSRV provirus in any milk lymphocyte population, but milk adherent cells were positive in 3 of 12 sheep, suggesting a potential major role of this population in the lactogenic transmission of JSRV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal positive results in mammary epithelial cells, pointing to a lack of participation of the mammary gland in the biological cycle of JSRV and reducing the probability of excretion of free viral particles in colostrum or milk.  相似文献   

2.
Infection with a retrovirus, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The excess production of surfactant proteins by alveolar tumour cells results in increased production of pulmonary fluid, which is characteristically expelled through the nostrils of affected sheep. The immune response to JSRV and the tumour is poorly understood: no JSRV-specific circulating antibodies or T cells have been detected to date. The aim of the present study was to obtain phenotypic evidence for a local immune response in OPA lungs. Specific-pathogen free lambs were infected intratracheally with JSRV. When clinical signs of OPA were apparent, the lungs were removed at necropsy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on lung sections using a panel of mouse anti-sheep mAbs. No influx of dendritic cells, B cells, CD4, CD8 or gammadelta T cells was seen in the neoplastic nodules or in their periphery. MHC Class II-positive cells were found intratumourally, peritumourally and in the surrounding alveolar lumina. In the tumours, many of these cells were shown to be fibroblasts and the remainder were likely to be mature macrophages. In the alveolar lumen, the MHC Class II-positive cells were CD14-positive and expressed high levels of IFN-gamma. They appeared to be immature monocytes or macrophages which then differentiated to become CD14-negative as they reached the periphery of the tumours. A high level of MHC Class I expression was detected on a range of cells in the OPA lungs but the tumour nodules themselves contained no MHC Class I-positive cells. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that the lack of an effective immune response in OPA could result from a mechanism of peripheral tolerance in which the activity of the invading macrophages is suppressed by the local environment, possibly as a consequence of the inhibitory properties of the surfactant proteins.  相似文献   

3.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a transmissible lung cancer caused by Jaggsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). It is difficult to identify animals infected with JSRV but are clinically healthy. The virus does not induce a specific antibody response and, although proviral DNA sequences of JSRV can be found in mononuclear blood cells, the detection is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of JSRV in the bone marrow of infected sheep and develop a more consistent screening method. Immunohistochemical examination of bone marrow samples from 8 asymptomatic JSRV-infected sheep revealed the presence of positively labelled cells. However, JSRV could not be detected by a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bone marrow aspirates periodically collected from these animals. Results suggest that JSRV-infected cells may be present in the bone marrow of symptomless animals, but the number is below the detectable level for PCR. Therefore, this technique does not seem to be helpful for preclinical diagnosis of OPA.  相似文献   

4.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious disease caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). In the three studies performed, we have obtained data of the importance of colostrum/milk (C/M) in the transmission of JSRV. In the first study, a group of sheep from a flock with a long history of OPA, samples from colostrum and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) were collected. Two specific PCRs (U3-LTR and env of the JSRV) were carried out. Using U3PCR 8/34 sheep were positive in colostrum whereas with envPCR 7/34 were positive. From these animals only one was positive with U3PCR in the PBLs. Evidence of the transmission of JSRV infection by C/M was obtained in two more separate studies. In the second study, PBLs from five lambs from JSRV+ ewes and two from JSRV-ewes were tested by the U3PCR. They were fed C/M by their mothers during 3 months and slaughtered 7 months after birth. Three out of five lambs from the JSRV+ sheep become PBL positive at 3-4 months old and the other two were also positive at 4-6 months of age. One lamb of the JSRV-sheep became also PBL positive at an age of 3 months. In the third study, a group of lambs from JSRV negative mothers were fed with C/M from JSRV+ sheep and housed in separate unit. For comparison, another group of the same origin and maintained in another different unit, were fed with C/M containing a JSRV virus preparation. All lambs were blood sampled monthly and JSRV infection was detected as early as 15 days and several times onwards in both groups. Control groups fed with C/M from JSRV free flock and JSRV blood test negative sheep were always negative. Together these results indicate that suckling is an important natural transmission route for JSRV.  相似文献   

5.
为研究绵羊肺腺瘤病病毒(JSRV)表面蛋白(SU)的致瘤机制,本研究构建稳定表达SU的羊肺细胞A549细胞系.采用PCR方法从含su基因的pGEX-4T-1-SU重组质粒中扩增SU编码序列,将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,转染A549细胞.通过G418筛选,对转染阳性细胞进行纯化,获得稳定表达JSRV SU蛋白的A549细胞系.以间接免疫荧光及western blot鉴定SU的表达状况,并运用共聚焦显微镜确认SU蛋白的亚细胞定位.结果表明,重组蛋白SU在A549细胞中有效表达,而且主要分布于细胞质中.该细胞系的建立为SU生物学功能的体外研究提供了平台.  相似文献   

6.
A spontaneous lung tumor in a 5-year-old goat of the Murciano-Granadina breed is described in this paper. Clinical signs of cachexia and tachypnoea were evident, and a considerable amount of white mucous foamy fluid was discharged from the nostrils when the animal's head was lowered. A lung tumor with the characteristics of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was detected during histopathologic examination. The tumor cells were positive for surfactant proteins C and B, confirming that alveolar type II cells were the origin of the neoplasia. Tumor samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry for the presence of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), another retrovirus very closely related to JSRV, but all tests were negative. Therefore, this is the first reported case of spontaneous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma not related to JSRV or ENTV infection in a goat.  相似文献   

7.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung tumour of sheep caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The disease is a particular problem in flocks in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to assess screening methods for individual animals as a prelude to future eradication trials. Results of histological examination were used as the standard to evaluate the relative sensitivity and specificity of an established heminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for JSRV proviral DNA from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. PCR results from tissue samples are included as control data. PCR testing of blood samples was found to have an estimated sensitivity of only 10% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3-20) while the sensitivity of the PCR test on BAL samples was 89% (CI 79-96) in comparison to the results of histological examination. We conclude that PCR testing of BAL samples is an effective confirmatory test for sheep with suspected clinical OPA. It is also a useful tool for the pre-clinical identification of individual infected sheep within an infected flock and therefore may prove beneficial in future control or eradication programmes.  相似文献   

8.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring contagious lung neoplasia caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Although no specific circulating antibodies against the virus can be detected in infected sheep, JSRV proviral DNA sequences can be found in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in clinically affected and in a proportion of in contact animals. In this study, existing hemi-nested PCR procedure is compared with a new one-step PCR technique that was developed to minimise potential DNA contamination and reduce sample and reagent handling. Different blood preparations were assessed and the best results were achieved on DNA prepared from buffy coat. The sensitivity of this PCR was lower in JSRV infected sheep without lesions of OPA than in clinically affected sheep, which indicate that this PCR may not be not fully appropriate for screening of individual sheep, but rather to provide results at flock level. This PCR is the only currently available blood test for detection of JSRV infected sheep and may be useful in epidemiological studies and in control programmes of OPA.  相似文献   

9.
为深入研究绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(JSRV)与绵羊肺腺瘤病(OPA)发病关系,本研究采用PCR方法从pGEX-4T-1-TM重组质粒中扩增编码JSRV跨膜蛋白(TM)的基因序列,并引入标签多肽HA序列和限制性内切酶位点,将其重组至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,构建了重组质粒pcDNA-TM-HA.通过转染HepG2细胞并用G418筛选,对稳定表达TM的阳性细胞进行纯化,获得了稳定表达JSRV tm基因的HepG2细胞系.间接免疫荧光及western blot检测结果表明,重组蛋白TM-HA在HepG2细胞中得到正确表达.JSRV TM蛋白稳定表达细胞系的建立为进一步研究该蛋白与JSRV诱导OPA发病关系提供了重要的实验平台.  相似文献   

10.
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) is a betaretrovirus infecting sheep. This virus is responsible for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, by transformation of epithelial cells from the bronchioli and alveoli. This animal cancer is similar to human bronchioloalveolar cancer (BAC), a specific form of human lung cancer for which a viral aetiology has not yet been identified. JSRV interacts with target cells through the membrane receptor Hyal2. The JSRV genome is simple and contains no recognised oncogene. It is now well established that the viral envelope protein is oncogenic by itself, via the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein and some domains of the surface glycoprotein. Activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways participates in the envelope-induced transformation. Tumour development is associated with telomerase activation. This review will focus on the induction of cancer by JSRV.  相似文献   

11.
为建立检测绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus,JSRV)实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time qPCR)方法,根据外源性JSRV-NM株env基因序列,选其保守序列作为目的片段,设计引物和TaqMan探针,以自然病例的肺肿瘤组织基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增目的基因、克隆,重组质粒鉴定,并严格定量后,梯度稀释作为阳性标准品,优化反应条件进行Real-time qPCR扩增,获得的标准曲线为:Y=-3.308X+47.848,线性相关系数为0.991;Ct值变异系数小,并且灵敏度高,初步建立了检测JSRV前病毒DNA的Real-time qPCR方法。应用该方法对不同来源(A、B、C、D、E组)的绵羊外周血及其他组织样品进行测定其前病毒载量。结果显示B组和C组外周血白细胞、肺脏、肺门淋巴结以及鼻液中检测均为阳性,并发现前病毒DNA的载量在肺脏中明显高于外周血白细胞;D组虽未发现有绵羊肺腺瘤(SPA)临床症状,但在肺门淋巴结里可以检测到;E组中1只绵羊的肺脏也检出低拷贝数的前病毒DNA,而在A组中检测结果均为阴性。本研究对检测未知羊群JSRV感染程度及研究SPA流行病学等均有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring retrovirus-induced transmissible lung cancer in sheep. Lungs and associated (bronchial and mediastinal) lymph nodes of seven sheep with OPA were examined. Lungs had few multifocal consolidated slightly elevated gray to white masses ranging from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter. Histopathologically, these masses appeared as well-differentiated acinar adenocarcinoma with little evidence of anaplasia. The acini composed of well-differentiated cuboidal to low columnar epithelium with clear or vacuolated cytoplasm and low mitotic index. No metastases were observed in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes of any animal. The presence of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) was demonstrated in the lungs by immunohistochemistry. JSRV protein was detected in all tumor epithelial cells, histologically normal alveolar type II cells, and few bronchiolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. This study is the first to confirm the presence of natural OPA in Egypt.  相似文献   

13.
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus-related antigen was detected in 3 out of 5 jaagsiekte lungs examined using a direct immunoperoxidase staining technique with anti-MPMV p27 serum. Most of the antigen was localized in the alveolar lumina of the lesions. The reaction was further characterised on immune blots and found to involve a protein with a molecular mass of 29 000 daltons (JSRV p29). JSRV p29 antigen was also detected in 2 jaagsiekte cell lines.  相似文献   

14.
A small tumour was found at the periphery of the lung during routine necropsy of a 13-year-old Romney ewe. The tumour consisted of vacuolated, cuboidal cells which lined alveolar spaces without destroying them. Electron microscopy revealed numerous microvilli on the free surface of the cells and irregularly shaped osmiophilic inclusions within the vacuoles. No viral particles were found and the tumour was diagnosed as a well differentiated Type II pneumocyte adenocarcinoma of unknown aetiology.  相似文献   

15.
Surveillance of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood DNA samples collected from 40 sheep and goats in 10 different flocks in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. No exogenous (oncogenic) JSRV sequence was detected by PCR in these samples, while the ovine endogenous retrovirus sequence was successfully amplified in all samples. Our paper is the first demonstration of JSRV surveillance in Japan and shows no evidence of oncogenic JSRV infection in sheep and goats in Hokkaido.  相似文献   

16.
A small tumour was found at the periphery of the lung during routine necropsy of a 13-year-old Romney ewe. The tumour consisted of vacuolated, cuboidal cells which lined alveolar spaces without destroying them. Electron microscopy revealed numerous microvilli on the free surface of the cells and irregularly shaped osmiophilic inclusions within the vacuoles. No viral particles were found and the tumour was diagnosed as a well differentiated Type II pneumocyte adenocarcinoma of unknown aetiology.  相似文献   

17.
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes a fatal lung cancer of sheep known as ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). OPA is a significant disease in many sheep-rearing countries and there is no effective method of control. A unique feature of OPA is the overproduction of fluid in the lung of affected animals. This lung fluid contains JSRV and provides a means of transmission through the inhalation of virus. In this study we demonstrated that lung fluid from different OPA cases contained between 107 and 1010 copies of JSRV RNA per ml. Examination of JSRV RNA survival under conditions that mimic natural conditions suggested that intact JSRV virions may persist for several weeks in the environment. These are the first quantitative data on JSRV in lung fluid and provide valuable information for implementing appropriate biosecurity measures to control the spread of JSRV in the field.  相似文献   

18.
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are present in the genome of all vertebrates and are remnants of ancient exogenous retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. Sheep betaretroviruses offer a unique model system to study the complex interaction between retroviruses and their host. The sheep genome contains 27 endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) related to the exogenous and pathogenic Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), the causative agent of a transmissible lung cancer in sheep. The enJSRVs can protect their host against JSRV infection by blocking early and late steps of the JSRV replication cycle. In the female reproductive tract, enJSRVs are specifically expressed in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia as well as in the conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) trophectoderm and in utero loss-of-function experiments found the enJSRVs envelope (env) to be essential for conceptus elongation and trophectoderm growth and development. Collectively, available evidence in sheep and other mammals indicate that ERVs coevolved with their hosts for millions of years and were positively selected for biological roles in genome plasticity and evolution, protection of the host against infection of related pathogenic and exogenous retroviruses, and placental development.  相似文献   

19.
Ultrastructural studies of Theileria parva in the bovine skin revealed ‘infective particles’ of the parasite. These parasite forms were pleomorphic and were found extracellular or within host lymphoid cells, neutrophils and erythrocytes. The parasites were a product of extracellular schizogony. They were phagocytosed by the host leucocytes but seemed actively to invade the erythrocytes. Several extracellular uninucleate schizonts were also observed. The presence of extracellular infective particles, uninucleate schizonts and multinucleate schizonts, some showing schizogony, suggests an extracellular life cycle of T. parva within bovine tissue.  相似文献   

20.
利用ELISA试剂盒,对百日鸡的禽白血病抗体和抗原进行了检测。在5个百日鸡父母代鸡群中,1个鸡群的ALV-J抗体阳性率为57.14%,其余鸡群皆为阴性;所有鸡群的ALV-A、B抗体均为阴性;ALV p27抗原除1个鸡群为阴性外,其余鸡群阳性率都较高。在百日鸡的J亚群禽白血病病例中,肝脏、脾脏和肾脏显著肿大,且有弥漫性分布的肿瘤结节;在其他脏器也呈现肿瘤结节。组织病理学观察,发现其脏器等组织中,有一定比例的胞质含红色嗜酸性颗粒的髓细胞样瘤细胞与成淋巴细胞,排列致密呈局灶性生长,正常的组织细胞被挤压或破坏。超微病理观察,在脾脏和法氏囊等组织中均看到病毒颗粒,有囊膜,直径约100nm。部分淋巴细胞核膜、细胞膜水肿或溶解破裂,线粒体和内质网也水肿或池变大、细胞质中出现很多空泡状结构。肿瘤细胞的增多以及细胞内和细胞间的水肿,可能是各脏器严重肿大的主要原因。  相似文献   

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