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为研究环保疏浚对富营养化湖泊底栖动物群落结构的影响,选取洱海沙坪湾开展为期一年的水生态监测与调查,对比分析了沙坪湾底泥疏浚前后、以及疏浚区与未疏浚区的水质指标、底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性指数。研究发现：底泥疏浚前,疏浚区与未疏浚区采集到的生物仅有霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claperede,1861))、苏氏尾鰓蚓 (Branchiura sowerbyi) 和摇蚊属一种(Chironomus sp.) 3种。在底泥疏浚过程中,疏浚区的底栖动物种类仅有4种,而未疏浚区的底栖动物已出现8种;疏浚结束后,与疏浚前和疏浚中相比,疏浚区的底栖动物种类明显增加,且种类多于未疏浚区。底栖动物密度和生物量结果表明,底泥疏浚前,疏浚区底栖动物生物量为0.731 g/m2,密度为560 ind./m2;疏浚结束后,疏浚区底栖动物生物量和密度的值分别为13.07 g/m2、1826.7 ind./m2,均高于疏浚前和疏浚中,且高于未疏浚区。此外,同未疏浚区相比,疏浚区的Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数的平均值分别由0.187、0.365增加到0.325、0.688,疏浚后生物多样性指数高于疏浚前。因此,实施环保疏浚工程能改善洱海湖湾底栖动物群落结构,并促进底栖动物群落多样性的增加。 相似文献
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为摸清西藏雅鲁藏布江大峡谷墨脱江段在2017年遭遇大型泥石流滑坡等自然灾害后大型底栖动物分布现状及多样性的时空分布特征,分别于2022年10—11月(秋季)和2023年4—5月(春季)对墨脱江段及其附属支流大型底栖动物的种类组成进行了调查,并对其群落结构及多样性的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,春、秋两季共采集大型底栖动物52个种类,隶属于3门3纲10目30科,其中水生昆虫占绝对优势(50种)。春季大型底栖动物优势种为四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.1)、鳞石蛾属一种(Lepidostoma sp.);秋季优势种为四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.1)、缺距纹石蛾属一种(Potamyiasp.),且大型底栖动物群落组成在春季和秋季间存在一定的差异(P<0.001)。流域内秋季大型底栖动物的总平均丰度为6.67ind/m2,总平均生物量0.04g/m2;春季大型底栖动物的总平均丰度高于秋季,为8.71ind/m2,总平均生物量0.04g/m2。此外,大型底栖动物生物多样性在不同季节的干、支流... 相似文献
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依据2003～2005年洋山海域大型底栖动物的监测结果,运用y、C、d、H’和J等参数,结合聚类分析探讨了该海域大型底栖动物的种类数、生物量、栖息密度和多样性指数的年间变化情况。结果表明,2003～2005年底栖动物出现种类数依次为2003年（21种）〉2004年（17种）〉2005年（16种）,种类数趋于减少;生物量呈现2003年（4．26g／m2）〉2005年（2．18g／m2）〉2004年（0．62g／m2）,栖息密度2003年（31．10ind／m2）〉2004年（12．50ind／m2）〉2005年（11．00ind／m2）,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）、均匀度指数（J）、丰富度指数（d）逐渐降低,单纯度指数（C）相应上升。通过对各次监测结果的聚类分析,将聚类结果分为两类：2003年2、5和8月为一类,2004～2005年6次监测为一类,2003年与2004～2005年的大型底栖动物生态变化明显,洋山深水港工程建设对洋山海域大型底栖动物造成了影响。 相似文献
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为了解钦州湾大型底栖动物及其群落结构状况,于2011年春季和2012年秋季对钦州湾大型底栖动物进行了调查与研究。结果表明,钦州湾春季和秋季大型底栖动物分别有31种和33种,均以多毛类、软体动物和甲壳类为主,优势种均为鳞片帝纹蛤(Timoclea imbricata Sowerby)。春季和秋季平均生物栖息密度分别为117.92 ind/m~2和152.50 ind/m~2,秋季大于春季;春季和秋季平均生物量分别为63.93 g/m~2和41.20 g/m~2,春季大于秋季;春季和秋季平均生物多样性指数分别为1.60和1.93,秋季大于春季。上述生物群落结构参数在空间分布总体表现为在排污区和填海区较低,说明污水排放和填海等人类活动已对钦州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构产生了明显影响,研究结果可为半封闭性海湾的生态环境保护提供依据。 相似文献
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渔山列岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2009年3月的大潮期间对渔山列岛潮间带布设5个断面,进行大型底栖动物调查。结果表明,该海域潮间带采集到大型底栖动物90种,其中腔肠动物3种,多毛类11种,软体动物45种,甲壳类19种,棘皮动物6种,其它6种。潮间带大型底栖动物总平均生物量5307.06g/m2,总平均丰度为2323.20ind/m2。在各类群底栖动物中,软体动物的平均生物量及丰度居首位。渔山列岛潮间带大型底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、Simpson多样性指数(D)、Mangalef丰富度指数(d)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分别为1.421～2.417、0.497～0.624、1.396～3.223和0.484～0.648,平均值为2.052、0.577、2.477和0.590。大型底栖动物ABC曲线分析表明,底栖动物群落无干扰或轻度干扰。 相似文献
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于2007年、2008年的7月先后2次对怒江流域西藏段干、支流大型底栖动物进行了调查。应用ShannonWiener、Margalef和Pielou指数分析了干、支流大型底栖动物的多样性,结果显示:17个采样断面(干流8个,支流9个)共采集到底栖动物34种(属),隶属于25科,其中以水生昆虫种类最多(76.0%);研究区域内干、支流底栖动物密度和生物量分别为132.77 ind/m2、3 967.51 mg/m2,95.39 ind/m2、2 339.64 mg/m2;干流底栖动物现存量明显高于支流,但其物种多样性(H、D、J)组成却低于支流。研究发现,干、支流大型底栖动物群落结构的差异主要与底质类型有关,底栖动物生物多样性与海拔高程变化之间无明显关系。 相似文献
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经人工孵化的同亲本史氏鲟鱼苗,用水蚯蚓饲养20天后,直接转入水簇箱内（水体100×25×40cm）进行配合饲料饲养试验。试验设3个不同蛋白质梯度的配合饲料组（1号料、2号料、3号料）和一个投喂水蚯蚓的对照组,每组放鱼100尾,试验期为30天,30天后试验各组幼鲟体重分别为5．01g、4.74g、4.91g和4．08g。存活率分别为82％、86％、75％和95％。试验结果表明：用活饵喂养一段时间的史氏鲟幼鱼仍可直接采用配合饲料喂养,无需进行过渡驯饲,同时指出适合于幼鲟营养平衡的配合饲料仍需进一步改进与提高. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted with the larvae and early juveniles of three species of sturgeon to determine effects of diet and development on swimming and foraging behaviour as well as depth distribution in 100-L aquaria. About 500 hatchlings were placed in each tank with two or three replicates of three or six diet treatments, including live and dry feeds. Eight types of swimming or foraging activity were recorded with a lap-top event recorder and with fish counts in three depths of water. Analysis of variance showed live diets resulted in greater foraging activity in upper water horizons than most dry diets for Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill. Scouring, a foraging activity, differed among diet types in early juvenile lake sturgeon, A . fulvescens Rafinesque. Developmental effects included early peaks in the performance of swim-up for all species and swim near surface for two of three species. Postlarvae (post-yolk-sac larvae) of shovelnose, Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus (Rafinesque), and Atlantic sturgeon swam inverted, an apparent foraging tactic associated with elevated or air-water surfaces. Postlarvae maintained (lake sturgeon) or shifted to (other species) bottom swimming with increased scouring activity. Shovelnose early postlarvae occupied higher average water-column heights than lake or Atlantic sturgeon. Shovelnose (only species tested) postlarvae showed greater activity in upper water horizons at night. These results suggest a fundamental shift to benthic foraging during the postlarval phase, with shovelnose sturgeon continuing to forage in suprabenthic zones to a greater degree than the other two species. 相似文献
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Konrad Dabrowski 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,40(1):27-40
In a series of trials, larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Rich.), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) were transferred directly from a diet of zooplankton to a dry, compound feed. The dry diet was based on a previously described diet of yeast and freeze-dried animal tissues. Common carp larvae showed the best growth on live zooplankton (46.3 mg individual weight after 14 days) compared to fish fed solely on dry feed (13.8 mg). Transfer of common carp larvae to dry diet when they reached 4.27 mg significantly improved growth, but no dependence was observed on two diets tested. Grass carp larvae grew equally well on live food and on the best compound diet (8.7 mg after 15 days), but fish transferred to dry diet at 4.3 mg showed significantly improved growth. The growth rate, however, depended on the diet (12.9–23.5 mg). Silver carp grew better when fed solely on dry diet (23.5 mg), compared to live zooplankton (15.8 mg after 15 days), but this was due to an insufficient supply of suitable live food. Transfer of fish at 6.8 mg to dry diet improved the growth only slightly, and dependence on the kind of dry diet was observed. Bighead carp larvae showed better growth on live zooplankton (42.2 mg after 15 days) than on the best compound diet (18.6 mg). Fish transferred at 5.6 mg to dry diets showed good growth, but high mortality was observed. It was concluded that common carp larvae are the most “difficult” to raise solely on dry diet, whereas silver carp larvae are the “easiest”. The present study has shown that the transfer of four cyprinids to dry diet improved their growth rate and that the transfer is possible at the individual wet weight of 5–6 mg. 相似文献
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Ilaria de Meo Kjartan Østbye Kimmo K. Kahilainen Brian Hayden Marius Magnus Antonio B. S. Poléo 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2023,32(1):10-22
Generalist fish species can feed on a wide resource spectrum and across trophic levels depending on resource availability and trophic interactions. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) represents a good candidate species to investigate variation in the trophic ecology of generalist fish as it can be found in highly variable fish communities and its resource use is well documented. In this study, we explored the trophic ecology of crucian carp at the individual and population levels using stable isotope and gut content analysis. We tested if trophic resource use varied according to lake productivity, predation risk, intra- and interspecific competition, or individual fish size. We found that crucian carp resource preference was highly variable among and within lakes. In predator-free lakes, small crucian carp occurred in high densities, showed increased interindividual specialisation, and relied mainly on pelagic zooplankton. In presence of predators, large crucian carp occurred in low densities and included greater proportions of benthic macroinvertebrates in their diet. This shift in resource use was further favoured in productive, shallow lakes where littoral prey were probably abundant. Resource partitioning was an important factor determining crucian carp niche use, as fish had higher trophic position in absence of other cyprinids. Crucian carp showed highly dynamic resource use and food preferences in response to variable environmental conditions. Overlooking complex diet preferences of generalist fish may lead to an oversimplification of freshwater community dynamics. 相似文献
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Andreas Luek George E. Morgan Bjoern Wissel John M. Gunn Charles W. Ramcharan 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(3):348-360
Fish communities may increase in biomass and productivity due to energy subsidies from the littoral invertebrate community. In lakes recovering from acidification and metal contamination, such as those in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, impaired benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., low diversity with higher abundance of small‐bodied taxa) allowed a critical test of the role of these littoral pathways on fish diet. We compared fish abundance, diversity, diet and biomass in eight recovering and eight reference lakes and related availability of the main littoral and pelagic invertebrate groups to fish diet regime using stable isotope analysis. A Bayesian mixing model (MixSIR) was used to estimate diet likelihood, and convex hull analysis was used to estimate trophic niche space of fish communities. Fish biomass did not differ between impaired and reference lakes despite substantial differences in potential diet. Fish depended strongly on littoral benthos in the reference lakes but consumed more pelagic food in the impaired lakes. The trophic niche of the focal, most common fish species (i.e., yellow perch, smallmouth bass, pumpkinseed and brown bullhead) was larger in the impaired lakes. We attributed these differences to low diversity at the highest trophic levels of fish communities in the impaired lakes as well as to depauperate benthic invertebrate communities. In contrast to the food webs of most temperate lakes, fish in impaired lakes preyed less on littoral invertebrates yet still managed to maintain a reference lake level of biomass standing crop by relying more on pelagic resources – macro zooplankton such as Chaoborus. 相似文献
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大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种群特征与环境因子的相关关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解大亚湾鱼卵、稚仔鱼种群动态变化及其与环境因子的关系, 2015年采用浅水I型浮游生物拖网对大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行了4个季度的调查,结果表明,4个季度共采获鱼卵31361粒,仔稚鱼244尾。经鉴定分析共有27种,其中鱼卵19种,隶属于6目16科18属;仔稚鱼18种,隶属于5目15科16属;鱼卵、仔稚鱼共有种11个。鱼卵平均丰度为614.55 ind/1000 m^3,稚仔鱼的平均丰度为3.69 ind/1000 m^3。鱼卵丰度季节变化由高到低依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季;空间分布显示,丰度由高到低依次为中央列岛、人工鱼礁区、湾口东岸。鱼卵多样性指数(H￠)范围为0.05～2.26,平均值为0.86,稚仔鱼多样性指数(H?)范围为0～2.53,平均值丰度0.82;鱼卵均匀度指数(J)范围为0.02～0.99,平均值为0.50;稚仔鱼均匀度指数(J)范围为0～1.00,平均值为0.52。根据Pearson相关性结果分析表明,与种群关系最密切的环境因子为温度和溶解氧(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,春夏季是大亚湾海域鱼类产卵的重要时期,中央列岛海域是大亚湾鱼类繁殖的关键区域。 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1987,65(1):31-41
Sturgeon juveniles offered either natural food (Tubifex sp.) or various dry foods were used to analyse ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. The control groups were fish of the same nutritional history but which were fasting during the 24-h metabolic studies. An increase in oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion was visible only in the groups offered live food and good quality dry food. Metabolic losses, expressed as a percentage of the meal intake, varied from 1.3 to 18.0% for nitrogen and from 7.0 to 13.5% for energy. Sturgeon offered a semi-purified, caseingelatin diet had a high increase in postprandial ammonia excretion, with only a negligible increase in oxygen consumption. The protein utilization in fasting fish, calculated on the basis of AQ (ammonia loss/oxygen uptake) values showed some diurnal variation and the peak values were not identical in all of the groups. The preliminary energy and nitrogen budgets suggested that protein from a live food source is catabolized to a higher degree than protein from larval dry diets, whereas the higher postprandial energy loss in the latter case advocates fat and carbohydrate utilization. The amino acid absorption was excellent when live food was offered. However, the fish performed worse on the semi-purified diet, absorbing only 98% of the amino acids. The limitations of the utilization of the casein-gelatin diet for growth are not at the digestive and absorptive levels; this diet provokes an immense amino acid degradation. In line with our previous results for other larvae, metabolic studies also proved to be very useful criteria in the evaluation of compound diets for sturgeon larvae. 相似文献