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1.
热应激对荷斯坦奶牛体温和呼吸的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究热应激对不同泌乳阶段奶牛直肠温度、皮肤温度和呼吸频率的影响。选用不同泌乳阶段、胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛18头,按泌乳天数分为泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期3组,每组6个重复,根据牛舍温湿指数(THI)变化情况,进行热应激与非热应激的自身对照试验。结果表明:热应激极显著增加各泌乳阶段奶牛的直肠温度、皮肤温度和呼吸频率(P<0.01);THI与各泌乳阶段奶牛的直肠温度、皮肤温度、呼吸频率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);在同一环境下,不同泌乳阶段奶牛的直肠温度、皮肤温度及呼吸频率无显著差异(P>0.05)。热应激严重影响奶牛的直肠温度、皮肤温度和呼吸频率,与泌乳中、后期奶牛相比,热应激对泌乳前期奶牛的影响趋于较大。 相似文献
2.
热应激条件下荷斯坦奶牛后段肠道差异微生物分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在分析热应激条件下，热应激耐受奶牛和热应激易感奶牛后段肠道菌群组成的差异，寻找与热应激相关的后段肠道微生物，为利用饲养管理和遗传选择等手段提高奶牛耐热能力提供理论依据。选择体况相近且健康的1胎中国荷斯坦泌奶牛19头，利用奶牛夏季上午直肠温度（MRT）和下午直肠温度（ART）差值（RTD）将其分为热应激易感组（H组，10头）和热应激耐受组（L组，9头）。采用Illumina PE250测序平台测定两组个体粪便中细菌16S rDNA V3~V4区序列，利用生物信息学方法筛选两组个体的差异微生物。结果表明：①L组的Shannon指数和Chao1指数高于H组，但组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。②在门水平，两组个体的厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度之和均占总菌的95%以上；在属水平，L组中YRC22和普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）的相对丰度显著高于H组（P<0.05），且YRC22、Prevotella的相对丰度与ART、RTD、呼吸评分（RS）、直肠温度极值（RTR）及流涎评分（DS）等5项热应激相关指标均呈负相关关系。③与热应激相关的6项指标（MRT、ART、RTD、RS、DS、RTR）中，RS、DS和MRT在冗余分析（RDA）结果中R2较大，表明这3项指标与奶牛后段肠道微生物菌群相关程度较大。综上所述，热应激影响奶牛后段肠道菌群结构，Prevotella是热应激相关的后段肠道微生物。 相似文献
3.
Evidence of a major gene influencing hair length and heat tolerance in Bos taurus cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evidence was found that supports the existence of a major gene (designated as the slick hair gene), dominant in mode of inheritance, that is responsible for producing a very short, sleek hair coat. Cattle with slick hair were observed to maintain lower rectal temperatures (RT). The gene is found in Senepol cattle and criollo (Spanish origin) breeds in Central and South America. This gene is also found in a Venezuelan composite breed, the Carora, formed from the Brown Swiss and a Venezuelan criollo breed. Two sets of backcross matings of normal-haired sire breeds to Senepol crossbred dams assumed to be heterozygous for the slick hair gene resulted in ratios of slick to normal-haired progeny that did not significantly differ from 1:1. Data from Carora x Holstein crossbred cows in Venezuela also support the concept of a major gene that is responsible for the slick hair coat of the Carora breed. Cows that were 75% Holstein: 25% Carora in breed composition segregated with a ratio that did not differ from 1:1, as would be expected from a backcross matinginvolving a dominant gene. The effect of the slick hair gene on RT depended on the degree of heat stress and appeared to be affected by age and/or lactation status. The decreased RT observed for slick-haired crossbred calves compared to normal-haired contemporaries ranged from 0.18 to 0.4 degrees C. An even larger decrease in RT (0.61 degrees C; P < 0.01) was observed in lactating Carora x Holstein F1 crossbred cows, even though it did not appear that these cows were under severe heat stress. The improved thermotolerance of crossbred calves due to their slick hair coats did not result in increased weaning weights, possibly because both the slick and normal-haired calves were being nursed by slick-haired dams. There were indications that the slick-haired calves grew faster immediately following weaning and that their growth during the cooler months of the year was not compromised significantly by their reduced quantity of hair. In the Carora x Holstein crossbred cows there was a positive effect of slick hair on milk yield under dry, tropical conditions. 相似文献
4.
Our objectives were to test differences in protein synthesis and secretion by cultured oviducts and endometrium from Brahman and Holstein cows and the response of those tissues to in vitro heat shock. Explants of oviductal tissue obtained at estrus from Holstein (n = 5) and Brahman (n = 6) cows were cultured at a homeothermic (39 degrees C) or heat shock (43 degrees C) temperature. At 6 h, cultures were pulse-chase labeled (2 h, L[4,5-3H]leucine; 2 h, L-leucine). Endometrial explants were cultured similarly except that pulse labeling was performed for the first 0 to 15, 0 to 30, 30 to 60 and 60 to 90 min following onset of heat shock. A temperature of 43 degrees C increased secretion of nondialyzable 3H-labeled macromolecules by both oviducts of Brahmans but depressed secretion by the oviduct ipsilateral to the side of ovulation of Holsteins. For both breeds, 43 degrees C decreased incorporation of [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity in oviducts from the ipsilateral side. Secretion of 3H-labeled macromolecules by pulse-labeled endometrial explants increased at 43 degrees C. Heat shock caused an immediate increase in TCA-precipitable radioactivity in tissue during pulse labeling for Holstein tissues. Incorporation was decreased at 43 degrees C in tissue from Brahmans in the first 30 min and increased thereafter. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine by endometrial explants from Brahmans was increased at 43 degrees C, whereas it was suppressed at 43 degrees C in explants from Holstein cows. Heat shock proteins of 72,000 and 90,000 molecular weight were present in endometrial tissues. A major secretory product of endometrium had a molecular weight of 57,500 for Brahmans and a lower molecular weight (55,600) for Holsteins. 相似文献
5.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in normal dairy cows by applanation tonometry. In the first study of 15 Holstein and 17 Jersey cows the mean IOP by Mackay-Marg tonometry was 27.5 ± 4.8 mmHg (range 16–39 mmHg); no significant differences ( P < 0.92) were observed between the Holstein and Jersey breeds. In the second study of 15 Holstein and 12 Jersey cows, the mean IOPs by Mackay-Marg and TonoPen-XL tonometry were 28.2 ± 4.6 mmHg (range 19–39 mmHg) and 26.9 ± 6.7 mmHg (range 16–42 mmHg), respectively. Comparisons of the Mackay-Marg and TonoPen tonometers indicated no significant differences ( P < 0.16). The mean and range of IOP in normal dairy cows within 2 SD (95% of the population) is 27 mmHg with a range of 16–36 mmHg. 相似文献
6.
British breeds of cattle are not so effective as Zebu in extracting nutrients from low-quality roughages, and these breeds differ in their nutrient metabolism and animal physiology. Breeds of cattle may differ in their requirements for Mg. Brahman cows are less susceptible to death from disease and metabolic disorders than are British breeds of cattle, whereas cows with 50% or greater dairy breeding (Holstein and Jersey) are more susceptible than British or Brahman breeds when maintained in beef production herds. Brahman or Brahman crossbred cows are less susceptible than other breeds to metabolic disorders such as grass tetany. Magnesium absorption has been shown to be greater in Brahman than in Jersey, Holstein and Hereford cows. These differences in the efficiency of Mg absorption between different breeds of cows may be due to genetic variation in the absorptive mechanisms of Mg, in feeding behavior, in gastrointestinal tract motility, in gastrointestinal tract fill or to some combination. 相似文献
7.
日粮离子平衡对围产期奶牛健康的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择30头产前21天的奶牛，随机均分成对照组和试验组，对照组正常饲喂，试验组添加离子平衡调节剂。结果表明，试验组降低日粮离子平衡(DCAD)后奶牛尿液pH值显著降低(p＜0．01)，血液pH值稍有降低，但差异不显著(p＞0．3)。产前血清钙和产后血清磷的浓度显著提高(p＜0．05)，产后血清钙和产前血清磷的浓度也有较为明显的提高(p=0．224和p＝0．154)。试验组奶牛尿中酮体的检出率、产褥热和胎衣滞留的发生率都明显低于对照组。 相似文献
8.
Charoensook R Gatphayak K Sharifi AR Chaisongkram C Brenig B Knorr C 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):921-928
Heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones that have preferentially been transcribed in response to severe perturbations
of the cellular homeostasis such as heat stress. Here the traits respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), pack cell
volume (PCV) and the individual heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) were recorded as physiological responses on heat stress (environmental
temperatures) in Bos taurus (crossbred Holstein Friesian; HF) and B. indicus (Thai native cattle: White Lamphun; WL and Mountain cattle; MT) animals (n = 47) in Thailand. Polymorphisms of the heat shock protein 90-kDa beta gene (HSP90AB1) were evaluated by comparative sequencing. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified, i.e. three in exons
10 and 11, five in introns 8, 9, 10 and 11, and one in the 3′UTR. The exon 11 SNP g.5082C>T led to a missense mutation (alanine
to valine). During the period of extreme heat (in the afternoon) RR and RT were elevated in each of the three breeds, whereas
the PCV decreased. Mountain cattle and White Lamphun heifers recorded significantly better physiologic parameters (p < 0.05) in all traits considered, including or particularly HTC than Holstein Friesian heifers. The association analysis
revealed that the T allele at SNP g.4338T>C within intron 3 improved the heat tolerance (p < 0.05). Allele T was exclusively found in White Lamphun animals and to 84% in Mountain cattle. Holstein Friesian heifers
revealed an allele frequency of only 18%. Polymorphisms within HSP90AB1 were not causative for the physiological responses; however, we propose that they should at least be used as genetic markers
to select appropriate breeds for hot climates. 相似文献
9.
Variants of somatotropin in cattle: gene frequencies in major dairy breeds and associated milk production 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
M.C. Lucy S.D. Hauser P.J. Eppard G.G. Krivi J.H. Clark D.E. Bauman R.J. Collier 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1993,10(4):325-333
The amino acid sequence of bovine somatotropin (bST) varies at position 127 where either valine or leucine is found. The frequencies of leucine127 and valine127 bST gene alleles in cows (n = 302) and sires (n = 70) from major dairy breeds (Holstein, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, and Ayrshire) were determined using DNA extracted from whole blood or spermatozoa. A 428 base pair fragment of the bST gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and variants of the bST gene were detected as polymorphisms by Alu I restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR products. Restriction enzyme DNA fragments for the leucine127 variant were 265, 96, 51, and 16 base pair and for the valine127 variant were 265, 147, and 16 base pair as a polymorphism of bST was present in the 147 base pair DNA fragment. Frequencies of leucine127 and valine127 alleles for cows (n=302) were 1.0 and 0 for Brown Swiss, .93 and .07 for Holstein, .92 and .08 for Guernsey, .79 and .21 for Ayrshire, and .56 and .44 for Jersey, respectively. In Holstein sires used for artificial insemination (n=70), the frequency of leucine127 and valine127 alleles was .96 and .04. Estimates of transmitting ability for milk production tended to be greater for Holstein cows that were homozygous for leucine127 bST and Jersey cows that were homozygous for valine127 bST whereas Holstein sires with different bST genotypes were similar. In summary, frequencies of alleles for the bST gene were not similar in different dairy breeds and estimates of milk production were correlated with bST gene variant in cows but not sires. 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究竹叶提取物对热应激奶牛泌乳性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。试验于2019年7—8月进行,试验期间日平均温湿度指数为75.87,奶牛处于自然热应激状态。选取24头体重[(559.2±37.4)kg]、泌乳天数[(185.7±16.9)d]、胎次[(3.3±0.3)胎]和产奶量[(37.6±0.8)kg/d]相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组12头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),试验组在TMR基础上添加1.3 g/kg DM的竹叶提取物。预试期14 d,正试期21 d。分别于正试期第1、11、21天测量奶牛呼吸频率、直肠温度并采集血样和奶样,测定泌乳性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标。结果表明:1)试验组热应激奶牛的呼吸频率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),直肠温度与对照组相比有降低的趋势(P=0.09)。2)试验组热应激奶牛的产奶量和乳脂率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),乳中体细胞数与对照组相比有降低的趋势(P=0.09),但干物质采食量、乳蛋白率和乳糖率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验组热应激奶牛的血清肾上腺素含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清前列腺素-2含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清游离脂肪酸含量与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P=0.06),但血清糖皮质激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、葡萄糖含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)试验组热应激奶牛的血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清丙二醛含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。5)试验组热应激奶牛的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-2含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清白细胞介素-1和白细胞介素-1β含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G含量与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P=0.08),但血清干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-6和免疫球蛋白M含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1.3 g/kg DM竹叶提取物降低了热应激奶牛的呼吸频率和直肠温度,提高了泌乳性能,缓解了机体的代谢紊乱,增强了机体的抗氧化能力,改善了机体的免疫功能。 相似文献
11.
Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Yoshimitsu Ouchi Guofeng Han Hatem M. Eltahan Shogo Haraguchi Takuro Miyazaki Jun-ichi Shiraishi Toshihisa Sugino Takashi Bungo 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13578
We examined the effects of oral administration of L-citrulline (L-Cit) on plasma metabolic hormones and biochemical profile in broilers. Food intake, water intake, and body temperature were also analyzed. After dual oral administration (20 mmol/head/administration) of L-Cit, broilers were exposed to a high ambient temperature (HT; 30 ± 1°C) chamber for 120 min. Oral administration of L-Cit reduced (p < .001) rectal temperature in broilers. Food intake was increased (p < .05) by heat stress, but it was reduced (p < .05) by L-Cit. Plasma levels of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, which initially increased (p < .0001) due to heat stress, were reduced (p < .01) by oral administration of L-Cit. Plasma insulin levels were increased by heat exposure (p < .01) and oral L-Cit (p < .05). Heat stress caused a decline (p < .05) in plasma thyroxine. Plasma lactic acid (p < .05) and non-esterified fatty acids (p < .01) were increased in L-Cit-treated heat-exposed broilers. In conclusion, our results suggest that oral L-Cit can modulate plasma concentrations of major metabolic hormones and reduces food intake in broilers. 相似文献
12.
SUMMARY: Gene and genotype frequencies of alleles, identified by PCR/RFLP technology, at leucine 127/valine127 (L/V) and C/D loci of the growth hormone gene of Ayrshire, Holstein and Jersey breeds were determined. The frequency of the V allele at the L/V mutation locus was 0.29, 0.09 and 0.24 for the Ayrshire, Holstein and Jersey breeds, respectively. The frequencies of the D allele at the C/D mutation locus were 0.00, 0.13 and 0.30 for the three breeds, respectively. Different growth hormone genotypes of Holstein AI bulls were compared for their estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) of milk, fat and protein yields using the samples of unrelated bulls and samples of the top, medium and bottom groups of ETA. The L/V locus was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with fat and protein ETAs of the selected groups and approached significance (p = 0.06) for milk ETA, with the V allele being more frequent in the top than in the bottom group of bulls. The C/D polymorphic locus was significantly (p = 0.02) associated with differences among the top, middle and bottom groups of bulls for milk ETA, but not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with fat and protein ETAs. The results suggest a possible association of growth hormone gene polymorphism with milk production traits in Holstein bulls. However, the results were not conclusive due to the small sample size and low frequencies of the V and D alleles. Much larger sample sizes are needed to obtain a reasonable number of VV and DD genotypes for a critical comparison. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Zusammenhang genetischer Varianten des Rinderwachstumshormons mit Milchleistungsmerkmalen bei Holstein Rindern Gene und Genotyp Frequenzen von Allelen, identifiziert mittels PCR/RFLP Technik, an Leucin(127) /Valin(127) (L/V) und C/D Loci des Wachtumshormon Genes wurden bei Ayrshire, Holstein und Jerseys bestimmt. Die H?ufigkeiten des V Alleles waren 0.29, 0.09 und 0.24, jene des D Alleles 0, 0.13, und 0.30 bei den drei Rassen. Der Vergleich verschiedener Genotypen bei Holstein KB Stieren hinsichtlich gesch?tzter Nachkommenüberlegenheit (ETA) für Milch, Fett und Protein Mengen umfa?te Stiere mit hohen, mittleren und niedrigen ETA. Der L/V Locus zeigte statistisch signifikanten Einflu? bei Fettund ProteinETA und p = 0.06 bei Milch, wobei das V Allel in der Spitzengruppe h?ufiger als bei neidrigen war. Der C/D Locus war signifikant (p<0.02) mit Unterschieden hinsichtlich Milch, nicht aber mit jenen hinsichtlich Fett und Protein assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Zusammenh?nge, jedoch beintr?chtigt geringe Zahl der Tiere und niedrige H?ufigkeit der V und D Allele allgemeine und bindende Schlu?folgerungen. 相似文献
13.
AIM: To estimate genetic and crossbreeding parameters for the incidence of recorded clinical lameness in New Zealand dairy cattle. METHODS: Herd records from 76,357 cows, collected during the 2005/06 to 2008/09 milking seasons from 155 herds in the Livestock Improvement Corporation young sire progeny test scheme, were used to estimate genetic parameters and breed effects for incidence of recorded clinical lameness in HolsteinFriesian, Jersey and crossbred dairy cattle. Recorded clinical lameness was coded “1” for cows that presented at least one event of clinical lameness at any day during the season and “0” for unaffected cows. Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model across breeds considering all and then only first lactation records. Heritability and repeatability of recorded clinical lameness were calculated from the variance component estimates both with and without logit transformation. RESULTS: The mean incidence of recorded clinical lameness per herd was 6.3 (min 2, max 34)%. The incidence of recorded clinical lameness in Holstein Friesian cows (mean 6.8, SE 0.24%) was higher than the incidence of recorded clinical lameness in crossbred (mean 6.1, SE 0.19%) and Jersey cows (mean 6.0, SE 0.28%) (p=0.0002). There was no difference in incidence between crossbred and Jersey cows (p=0.96). Estimates of the heritability of recorded clinical lameness as an untransformed trait were 0.053 (SE 0.014) for first lactation records and 0.016 (SE 0.003) for all lactation records. As a transformed (logit) trait heritabilities were 0.067 (SE 0.024) and 0.044 (SE 0.016) for first and all lactation records, respectively. The repeatability estimates of recorded clinical lameness were 0.071 (SE 0.005) and 0.107 (SE 0.011) for untransformed and logit transformed lactation records, respectively. Sire estimated breeding values for recorded clinical lameness showed the lowest values in Jersey sires, and ranged between -5 and 8%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low heritability of recorded clinical lameness, this study provided evidence that there is significant exploitable animal genetic variation. Selection of specific sires across and within breeds could be an option for increasing genetic resistance to lameness in New Zealand dairy cattle. 相似文献
14.
Twenty each of healthy lactating Friesian and Holstein cows were studied. They were of similar age and body weight, nonpregnant in their third lactation and 80–100 days post partum. The investigation was carried out for 8 weeks on two farms at the same time during the hot summer season in Egypt. The first farm was in Demietta (North east of the Nile Delta, 31° 40 N) on 20 Friesian cows and the second was in Fakous (East of the Nile Delta, 30° 40 N) on 20 Holstein cows. On each of the two farms, 10 cows were newly imported and 10 were born in Egypt.The average daily milk yield and total milk production in the third lactation of the newly imported cows were significantly higher than those of the locally born cows for both Friesians and Holsteins. At the same time, the T4, T3, urea-N, haematological values and AST enzyme activity in the newly imported cows were significantly lower than those in the locally born ones in both breeds, while the locally born cows showed significantly lower values for rectal temperature and respiration rate, as well as for AST and Alk-P enzyme activities, than the newly imported cows of either breed.Holstein cows surpassed the Friesians in milk production, as well as thyroid hormone secretion and cholesterol, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count values. The opposite was found for serum total protein, urea-N and creatinine concentrations, leukocyte count and AST, ALT and Alk-P enzyme activities. 相似文献
15.
为了进一步验证S441分子标记对奶牛抗热应激的影响,挑选有、无S441标记的中国荷斯坦奶牛各9头分别作为试验A组和试验B组,对2组奶牛在不同热应激状态下的生理生化指标变化进行了测定和分析。结果表明：（1）在生理指标测定中,产奶量随热应激增强而降低,直肠温度随热应激增强而升高,白细胞总数（WBC）、淋巴细胞数（LYM）和单核细胞数（MXD）随热应激增强而下降,但A组变化辐度较B组低,并在一定的热应激期间达到显著性差异（P〈0.05）。（2）在生化指标测定中,随着热应激的增强,2组奶牛的Se、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）、四碘甲腺原氨酸（T4）和皮质醇（Cort）的总体均值呈逐渐下降趋势,促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）的总体均值呈逐渐升高趋势,但试验A组奶牛较试验B组变化幅度低;其中Se和GSH-Px总体均值在严重热应激期间达到显著性差异（P〈0.05）;试验A、B组奶牛的红细胞钾含量均不随热应激条件的变化,且试验A组的含量极显著低于试验B组。S441分子标记与抗热应激能力相关的各项生理生化指标均具有较强的相关性,可以作为一种奶牛抗热应激分子标记应用于品种选育和生产中。 相似文献
16.
Miguel Mellado Lucía M. Treviño María I. Chavez Francisco G. Véliz Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño-Reyes José E. García 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2023,58(1):39-47
The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex-sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed-sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%; p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding. 相似文献
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18.
【目的】 试验旨在揭示北京地区荷斯坦泌乳牛鼓膜温度的群体特征及其随昼夜和环境温湿度指数（temperature-humidity index,THI）的变化规律,探究中度热应激下泌乳牛鼓膜温度的影响因素及其与直肠温度的关系。【方法】 2021年8月对北京地区某规模化牧场638头荷斯坦泌乳牛的鼓膜温度、直肠温度及环境温湿度进行测定,并对其进行描述性统计;对161头荷斯坦泌乳牛6 h鼓膜温度和直肠温度进行相关性分析;利用混合线性模型分析THI、测定时间、胎次、泌乳阶段和繁殖状态等因素对鼓膜温度和直肠温度的影响。【结果】 北京地区荷斯坦泌乳牛夏季鼓膜平均温度为（39.01±0.40）℃;测定时间内THI为76.11~83.18,此时泌乳牛处于中度热应激。泌乳牛鼓膜温度昼夜变化较大,昼夜节律表现为上午低、下午和傍晚均较高且在早晨和下午出现不正常峰值,鼓膜温度的变化滞后于THI变化。鼓膜温度与直肠温度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05,r＝0.35）,且两种体温均随着THI的升高而升高,回归系数分别为0.09（P<0.05,R2=0.09）和0.10（P<0.05,R2=0.08）。测定时间和胎次对泌乳牛鼓膜温度有显著影响（P<0.05）,胎次和泌乳阶段对泌乳牛直肠温度有显著影响（P<0.05）,且THI对两部位温度的回归均显著（P<0.05）。【结论】 本研究揭示了奶牛体温的节律变化和影响因素,鼓膜温度可有效反映奶牛实时体温,可为精细化管理牛群提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
Granzin BC 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(2):141-150
An experiment (108 days) was conducted to examine effects of cooling and forage supplementation on the performance of grass-fed,
early lactation Holstein cows in a coastal, subtropical environment during summer. When the temperature–humidity index (THI)
between 09:00 and 14:00 was < 72, cows grazed pastures containing shade. When THI reached 72 during this time, the following
treatments were imposed: pasture (P), cows remained in paddocks; feedpad (FP), cows were moved to a shaded feedpad with sprinklers;
feedpad plus hay (FPH), as for FP and fed 3 kg dry matter/cow per day of lucerne hay. When intervention occurred (55 days),
average THI (09:00–15:00) was 78 ± 0.6; mean cow rectal temperatures for FP and FPH were lower than for P (−1.0∘C and −0.9∘C, respectively); respective daily yields of milk and protein per cow were higher (p < 0.06) for FPH (22.7 L; 666 g) than for FP (21.1 L; 609 g) and P (20.9 L; 600 g). It was concluded that the energy intake
of Holstein cows in this environment is a greater limitation to milk production than intermediate heat loads. Supplementation
with lucerne hay during these conditions will increase milk yield. Using sprinklers in addition to shade will improve cow
comfort, but will not necessarily improve milk yield. 相似文献
20.
Kyoung Hoon KIM Do-Hyung KIM Young-Kyoon OH Sung-Sill LEE Hyun-Jeong LEE Dong-Woon KIM Yong-Joo SEOL Nobuhiro KIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):58-62
Three late-lactation Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of environmental temperature on performance and energy partitioning. Each cow was housed in a respiratory chamber for 30 consecutive days and exposed to three different conditions of environmental temperature: (i) 20°C and 20°C (20°C), (ii) 25°C and 20°C (25°C), (iii) 30°C and 25°C (30°C) during the day and night, respectively. The temperature was switched in an interval of 10 days. Humidity in the chamber was maintained at 55–65% through the entire experimental period. The daily mean as well as morning and evening rectal temperatures of Holstein cows increased linearly ( P < 0.05) as chamber temperature increased. There was a significant linear reduction in dry matter (DM) intake ( P < 0.05) and an increase in DM digestibility ( P < 0.05). The response in milk yield, however, was not affected by heat stress. There were no significant differences among treatments for intake energy, heat production, net energy for lactation and net energy for gain. This results of this study disagreed with the assumption that late lactation cows gave priority to increasing body tissue at the expense of milk production under thermal stress. 相似文献